Zvinokonzera uye Zviratidzo zve Savant Syndrome
Muna 1988, firimu "Rain Man," yakatarisana naDustin Hoffman, yakaunza vazhinji vedu kune chirwere chinonzi savant syndrome . Mufirimu, Hoffman's character, Raymond Babbitt, inoratidzwa kuti ive neyekuyeuchidza kwebhuku dzebhuku uye mabhuku efoni, pamwe netarenda ye innate yekuverenga makadhi mu blackjack.
Nepo vamwe vachigona kubvisa chirwere ichi seHollywood yakanaka fantasy, pane avo vane ruzivo rwekuyeuka uye ruzivo rwekuvandudza vanovaita sehupenyu chaihwo "Mvura Yevanhu."
Zvinokonzera uye Zviratidzo zve Savant Syndrome
Savant syndrome haigoni chaizvo. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vane autistic spectrum disorder vave vachizivikanwa kuti vane savant syndrome, inogonawo kukura muhupenyu hwehupenyu nekuda kwekukuvara kweuropi kana chirwere (chiitiko chinonzi sawana savant syndrome). Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi, zvinowanzoitika kune varume kunze kwevakadzi.
Vanhu vane savant syndrome vane chiitiko chinoshamisa chinowanzotarisa kune imwe nzvimbo. Kunyanya kufanana kunotsanangurwa maitiro ndekunyanya kunetseka nezvinhu zvakadai semakambani emapurisa emapurisa, mazuva ezvakaitika, geography zvinyorwa, mazita evanhu (sevatungamiri veUnited States kana vatungamiri venyika), uye mamwe mararamiro ehurumende.
Vamwe vevanhu ava vane unyanzvi hunoshamisa hwemifananidzo kana mimhanzi. Vanogona, semuenzaniso, vanonzwa kontoti yepikano kamwechete uye vanogona kuridza nayo zvakakwana. Vamwe vane unyanzvi hwemasvomhu hunoshamisa, zvakadai sokukwanisa kuita zvakaoma pakuverenga mumasekondi.
Vamwe vachiri kukwanisa kuita matanho ekugadzirisa, vanowanzopa zuva revhiki kwezuva chero ripi zvaro risati rasvika, rakapfuura kana riripo.
The Savant in History
Vanhu vane savant syndrome vakatsanangurwa mumabhuku ekurapa kare muna 1751. Zvakanga zvisati zvaitika muna 1997, zvisinei, kuti izwi rokuti "idiot savant" rakagadzirwa naDkt J.
Langdon Down (iyeye chiremba anokonzera christening Down syndrome ). Mukurondedzera kwake kwechirwere, Dr Down akafananidza sevanhu sevamwe vane IQ shoma asi ruzivo rwekusarudza rukuru. Yaiva nekuda kwechikonzero ichi kuti akashandisa shoko rokuti "savant," shoko rechiFrench rokuti "akadzidza."
Munhoroondo, pane nhamba dzinoverengeka dzinozivikanwa dzinokodzera zvinhu izvi, zvichiratidza unyanzvi hwakasiyana mune imwe nzvimbo iyo ichishaya unyanzvi hunodiwa hwehutano uye hunobudirira . Pakati pavo:
- Kim Peek (1951-2009), murume akaberekwa nehutano hwehutano husina kunaka uyo akashanda sekufemerwa kwefirimu "Rain Man."
- Tom Wiggins (1849-1908), bofu rwiyo rukuru rwemimhanzi rune ruzivo rwekuvandudza ruchaita kuti iye ave autistic.
- Temberi Guru (1947-), mudzimai wepreistic anozivikanwa nehutano hwake hwemhuka dzezvipfuwo uye nhau yake yakakurondedzerwa muHBO movie "Temple Grandin."
Nhasi, savant syndrome inofanirwa kuti ndiyo nguva yakakodzera yechirwere. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vachishandisa autistic savant kurondedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu, chete hafu yevanhu vane syndrome vane autistic.
Kuongorora Savant Syndrome
Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa ye savant syndrome inoramba ichinakidza vanhu, hapana nhamba dzakatsanangurira dzehuwandu hwevanhu vane zvikwaniso izvi.
Zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vazhinji vevanhu vane gumi vane autism vanogona kuva nehuwandu hwe savant syndrome.
Kusvika parizvino, hapana chibvumirano chekugadzirisa chinogamuchirwa chinotsanangura kusanganiswa kwematarenda uye kukanganisa kune vanhu vane savant syndrome. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangura kuti kusakanganiswa kwemukati kwemazuva erube (chikamu cheropi chinokonzera kugadziriswa kwemaonero uye kubvuma) chinogona kutora chikamu chakapiwa kuti vanhu vawana savant syndrome vanowanzova nekukuvara ikoko.
Nokuda kweizvi, masayendisiti anopfuurira kudzidza chiitiko chiri netariro yekuwana kunzwisisa kwakanakisisa nezvemabasa europi uye kuti zvakasiyana sei zvekuyeuka zvinoshanda zvakasununguka uye zvakasununguka.
> Kwakabva:
> Treffert, D. "The savant syndrome: chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa. Mutsanangudzo: yapfuura, ino, yemberi." Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2009; 364 (1522): 1351-7.