Heroin kushandiswa kwakasimuka muUnited States; zvirwere zvinogonawo.
Matengo ekushandiswa kweheroin ave achikwira kuUnited States kwemakore gumi apfuura. Heroin inoderedza kufa kwave yakawedzera inenge 4 pfumbamwe. Vanopfuura 8000 vanofira muUnited States kubva kune anodarika gore negore. Mitengo yekudzvinyirira yakapetwa kaviri pakati pevakadzi uye yakasimuka 50% pakati pevarume muUnited States.
Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekukuvadza.
Kunze kwekufa zvakananga kubva pane kudarika, heroin kushandiswa inobatanidzawo nehutachiona hunogona-nenzira yakarurama kana husina kukanganisa - hunoita vanhu kwenguva yakareba mushure mokunge mishonga yakabvisa urongwa.
Kurapa kunodhaka kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekudarika, asi zvimwe zvirwere zvingasara apo vamwe vakagadzira maronda emhando.
Ichokwadi kuti heroin inowanzojowa ndiyo chikonzero nei ichiita kuti zvirwere zvipararire. Vamwe vanogona kutanga nekushandisa zvinodhaka mishonga vasati vaenda kunoshandisa heroin inodhura. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri pakati pezvinodhaka zvisina kujowa uye chirwere chiri.
Kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka chete kune ngozi, hongu. 44 vanofira muUnited States zuva semugumisiro wezvinyorwa zvinodhaka zvinodhaka. Anenge 10 pazuva anofa kubva heroin kudarika.
Kune maitiro matatu makuru umo heroin inogona kutungamirira kune zvirwere izvi
a) kugovera masero uye zvimwe zviyero zvinopinza - kutungamirira kune zvirwere zvinopararira neropa
b) chirwere chisina kuora-maitiro - kutungamirira kuhutachiona kubva kubhakitiriya paganda
c) heroin yakasvibiswa - inotungamirira kune dzimwe zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki
Zvirwere Zvinopararira Nokugoverwa Kupinda Zvinhu
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C utachiona hunokonzera kuora kwechiropa. Inogona kuitika nehurukuro yakaoma iyo inotuma avo vanotapurirwa kuchipatara, asi vazhinji vane utachiona vane zvirwere zvisingaperi zvisingagoni kuona kusvikira chirwere chechiropa chichifambira mberi. Kune mishonga mitsva inopa vimbiso itsva yekurapa chirwere ichi.
Chirwere ichi chinowanzoparadzirwa nemagetsi ekugoverwa pamwe-akafanana neshamwari dzakagadzirwa. Inofungidzirwa pasi pose iyo inenge 90% yeHepatitis C inopindirana inobatana nechisimba chekushandisa zvinodhaka, asi inenge hafu (54%) yemhosva muAmerica. Hepatitis C mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera zvakare mumakore mashomanana apfuura. Munenge muna 2000 kuve nehutachiona hutsva, zviratidzo zvezvirwere gore negore muU.S. uye zvishoma pasi pe30,000 zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvive nehutachiona gore roga roga (sezvakawanda zviitiko zvinyararire uye kwete zviratidzo apo pavanotanga kuitika). Iko kune mamiriyoni maviri nemamiriyoni makumi matatu nemaviri eHurpatitis C muSouth America. Zvakawanda zvirwere zvakaitika muma1970 ne1980 uye zvinopfuurira, sezvo anenge 15-25% chete akajekesa hutachiona uye haave ane utachiona husingaperi. Inofungidzirwa 1 mu3 vechiduku vaduku vanoita zvinodhaka (IDUs) (vane makore 18-30) vane hutachiona, asi 70-90% yevanhu vasati vagara vasati vagara kana maimbova maAIDS vari kutapukirwa.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B chirwere chinopesana ne hepatitis C, asi iyo inoparidzirwa nekugovana masero uye inokonzera kukanganisa kwechiropa. Hepatitis B (HBV) hutachiona muDIDU yakanzi yakasvika kusvika 20 muzana muUnited States muna 2010
HIV
HIV inogona kupararira kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana - kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde, kuberekwa, kuwedzerwa ropa, uye kuburikidza nemashandi akagoverana pamwe nemamwe magetsi ekushandisa.
Munyika yose, inofungidzirwa ne30% yeAIDS inotapukira kune dzimwe nyika kunze kweSahara yeSouth Africa inobva kune zvigaro zvakagadziriswa uye majekiseni.
Saizvozvowo, HTLV uye kunyange Marariya, uko iripo, inogona kupararira kuburikidza neIVDU.
Zvirwere Zvinopararira Nokushayikwa Kwemaitiro Asina Utano
Kune hutachiwana hwehutachiona hunopararira nokuti nenyuchi, kunyange dzisina kugoverwa, dzinoshandiswa pasina nzira isina kuchena. Kushandiswa kwetsano kunoda maitiro uye zvirongwa zvekudzivisa kuparadzira zvirwere, sezvinodzidziswa nehutano. Vanoputira neganda iro rinowanzovharwa mumabhakitiriya, kutora mabhakitiriya pasi peganda uye zvichida kupinda muropa.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti, ganda redu rakafukidzwa mumabhakitiriya kazhinji, sechikamu che microbiome yedu.
MRSA
Rimwe remabhakitiriya anowanzopararira nenzira iyi ndiStaph Aureus, kusanganisira MRSA (iyo inopesana nemishonga yaStaph Aureus). Kune dzimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neBhakitiriya-seboka reA streptococci (GAS yakasungirirwa kune hutachiwana hwehutachiona ) - izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvirwere zvisingaiti. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukosha ndecheMSASA (uye kune imwe nzvimbo iyo MSSA, Staph Aureus iyo isingakonzerwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iyo MRSA iri).
Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya aya zvinogona kupararira kuburikidza neganda-kubuda, uko netare dzinoparadzira mabhakitiriya pasi peganda, kuumba zvirwere, zvakadai sezvirwere zveganda, semasikiriti, kana zviduku zviduku, zvakafanana nemafuta (kana matoro), kana zvikwata zvikuru zvakadai semakumbo. Mamwe maitiro e-cellulitis anogona kunge ari munyoro, asi mamwe anogona kutungamirira kumapfupa akanyorova uye maswere ane hutachiona uye kune zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba sa necrotizing fasciitis . Kushandisa zvinodhaka kwemishonga zvinodhaka kunogona kutumira mushonga, uye saka mabhakitiriya, zvakananga muropa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera utachiona muropa, zvichiita kuti sepsis uye chirwere chakakomba zvichienderana nemaabhakitiriya. Bhakitiriya inogona kupararira muropa nembeu dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri dzinosanganisira mapikisa emwoyo (endocarditis), mapfupa (osteomyelitis), majoints ( septic arthritis ), uyewo mapfupa mukati, sezvakaita muchiropa. Zvirwere izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kuhupenyu hwose hukuvadzwa, zvakadai sekuvhiringidza kwemwoyo yemagetsi kunogona kutungamirira kumoyo kukanganisa kana kusingaperi uye kukuvadza kunokanganisa mapfupa nemajoini.
Kurapwa kweMMSA - pamwe chete nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwakakomba, hwakafanana ne endocarditis, iyo inokonzera, kazhinji inoda kurapa kwenguva refu. Izvi zvinogona kuva nengozi zvikuru kune avo vanodhakwa nemishonga IV.
Zvirwere Zvinokonzerwa Nemishonga Inodhaka Zvinoshandiswa
Mishonga inodhakirwa haisi kazhinji 'yakachena' asi inowanzovhenganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu. Pamishonga inoshandiswa muzvipatara, chero mishonga inoshandiswa kuva varwere inofanira kuva nemiti inoshandiswa kunyatsogadziriswa kuti haina kuchena. Zvisinei, nekushandisa zvinodhaka, zvinhu zvinosanganiswa nemishonga zvinogona kusanganisira zvimwe zvimwe zvidiki zviduku zvinogona kutapudza avo vanopinda mishonga.
Zvirwere izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwebhakitiriya zvisingawanzoonekwi paganda. Zvakawanda zvezvipembenene izvi zvinokonzerwa ne spores dzinogona kugara kwenguva yakareba.
Vamwe vangavhiringidza zvinodhaka nemvura yepombi, iyo isiri yakaora, inotungamirira kuhutachiona hwehutachiona mumvura yepombi (zvakadai sePseudomonas). Kuwedzera kwemakoroni akasiyana-siyana kunogonawo kuitika, kunyanya muvhareji yepamusoro, zvichiita kuti zvirwere zvisingatarisirwi muropa, iyo isina-toxinogenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Botulism
Botulism isingatapukirwi yebhakitiriya iyo inogona kuuraya asi iye zvino haigoni kuonekwa iye zvino nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya mukudya nekugadzirira. Clostridium botulinum spores inogona kusvibisa heroin, kunyanya "black tar heroin". Inogona kupararira neganda rinopararira kana kushandisa IV kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinotapukira kuhutachiona hwemavanga pane injection sites. Iyo inogona kukonzera utera, maziso emawere, maziso asina kunaka, uye kuoma kutaura uye kumedza. Nemhaka yokuti iyo inotapukira uye avo vanoshandisa zvinodhaka zvinogona kunonoka kutsvaga kutarisira, kuongorora kunogona kunonoka. Zvisinei, nokuti spores inogona kusvibisa mabhati e heroin isati yagoverwa inogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko akawanda mukuputika pakati pevaya vanoshandisa bhati imwechete ye heroin.
Tetanus
Tetanus spores inogona kusvibisa chirwere che heroin - kana panguva yekugadzirwa uye kuparadzirwa kana panguva yejojo. Clostridium tetani inowanika zvakasikwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sevhu kana pamashonga akaoma. MuUnited States, inenge 15 muzana yezviitiko zve tetanus zvinowanikwa gore roga rega kune vanhu vanopinda mishonga, sa heroin. MuUnited States, kubuda kamwe kamwe kwetetanus kwakaitika, kunobatanidza nejarin injection muvanhu 25 muna 2003-2004.
Tetanus inonyanya kudzivirirwa nehupenyu hwose hwekudzivirira kwetetanus (5 shots) uye inowedzera makore gumi nemumwe kana kuti kudzokorora nyanzvi kana kuonekwa (kukuvadzwa kwepamusoro-pangozi) uye pasina chirwere chinogadzirisa kwemakore mashanu.
Anthrax
Kunyange zvazvo anthrax inowanzotora chifananidzo chebioterrorism, spores dzinokonzera anthrax inogona kuwanikwa nenzira yega mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Pakanga pane zviitiko makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi masere zveBillillus anthracis (anthrax) muScotland muna 2009-2010 pakati pevanhu vakashandisa heroin. Vazhinji vaiva nehutachiona husina kunaka asi vamwe vaiva nezvirwere zvakakomba.
Zvimwe spores zvirwere zvinokonzerwa ne spores zvakataurwawo - Bacillus cereus (hama yaBacillus anthracis) uye Clostridum sordellii (hama yeClostridium botulinum uye Clostridium tetani)
Vamwe vanogona kunge vachiita zvimwe zvirwere, zvakadai seTiberculosis, nekuda kwehupenyu hwakaoma uye nekuda kwekuti TB inogona kupararira nyore nyore kune zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaenzaniswi, zvakadai seHIV kana kuti kusagadzikana.
Kuti uwane ruzivo pamusoro pekubatsira nekubata nekushandiswa kwe heroin, CDC inokurudzira kudana: 1-800-662-RUBATSIRA kana kutsvaga ruzivo kubva kuNational Institute for Drug Abuse webpage.