Nenguva yokutanga ndakataurirwa kuti ndaiona anthrax, ndakanga ndisingazvioni. Akange ane chiratidzo pane ruoko rwake rwaive nerima kupfuura ganda rake. Izvo hazvina kunyatsooneka.
Akauya kuzoonekwa nachiremba nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero chakanga chakaoma zvikuru. Chiratidzo hachina kukuvadza. Mheto dzayo dzakamutswa zvishoma. Chimwe chake, dambudziko rezvokurapa risingaenderani rakanga richiwedzera kukurumidza uye nokukurumidza pangozi yaro.
Asi aiziva kuti chii chakanga chine mutsvuku. Akataura shoko. Zvaireva charcoal kana charashi mumutauro wake. Ndaiziva shoko semarasha kana mashala kubva kune mumwe mutauro, kare rechiGiriki - Anthrax.
Ichi chakanga chisinganzwisisiki anthrax. Inogona kutungamirira kurufu, asi maitiro akawanda haaiti. Kana isingateereri, 1 mu5 angafa. Nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, pasi pe1% inouraya kubva pamagetsi anthrax.
Iko kune dzimwe mhando dzeAnthrax, zvichienderana nekutsvaga. Mamwe mafomu anowedzera kufa. Kunyange zvakadaro, anthrax yakagadzikana ndiyo inowanikwa pasi rose; 95% -99% yevaya vane utachiona nehutachiwana vane mavara akaoma.
Zviitiko zvakawanda zveanthrax pasi pose zvakasiyana zvakanyanya kupfuura chirwere chinonzi chakasvikwa mune zvenhau. Ichi chirwere icho varimi dzimwe nguva vanosangana nazvo. Anthrax spores inogona kugara mumhepo kwenguva yakareba.
Kutya ndeyekuti anthrax inogona kupararira kuburikidza nemhepo seyerosol (kana kutumirwa kuburikidza netsamba) inogona kushandiswa sezvombo. Somugumisiro, mabhakitiriya akarova mumusoro mumisoro yekare.
Nyaya inotungamirirwa nemusoro munyaya muna 2001 apo tsamba dzaive ne anthrax dzakagamuchirwa mumakero nemahofisi ezvinyorwa uye 2 US senator, zvichiguma nekufa kwevashanu uye kuuraya vamwe 17. Yakaitawo nhepfenyuro apo mabhii euto reUnited States akatumira kutora samples yeanthrax kusvika kuma100 emakamuri muU.S. uye kune dzimwe nyika kwemakore anopfuura gumi kusvikira yawanikwa muna 2015.
Ndiani anowana Anthrax?
Anthrax, zvisinei, chirwere chinogona kuwanikwa munyika yose, kunyanya mune zvekurima kubva kuHaiti kuenda kuZimbabwe kusvika kuSiberia. Yakawanikwa munzvimbo dzeCentral uye South America, Caribbean, Africa, nzvimbo dzeAsia, kumaodzanyemba uye kumabvazuva kweEurope. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, dzimwe mhuka, kunyanya mhuka dzepurazi semombe, makwai, mbudzi, antelope, uye nondo dzinogona kutapukirwa. Anthrax zvechokwadi ibhakitiriya inowanzoitika muvhu uye inobata mhuka dzomusango nevaya vanosimudzirwa kudya. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, kusangana nemhuka idzi kana mishonga yemhuka zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvirwere zvevanhu. Kubata kana kutema mhuka kunogona kutungamirira kuhutachiona hwehutachiona; kutamba pamidziyo yakagadzirwa kubva mumatanda kana zvimwe kutora zvitunha kunogona kutungamirira kune zvirwere.
Vaya vari pangozi ndivo veterinarians, mabheki, uye varimi, vanodhakwa, vadzidzisi vebazi, uyewo zvingangodaro mauto kana mafambisi ekutumira munyaya ye bioterrorism.
Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, utachiona hunogona kujowa, zvakadai kuburikidza ne heroin intravenous drug use.
Ndeapi maitiro eAnthrax zvirwere?
Zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokonzerwa neanthrax spores imwechete asi zvinoenderana nenzira yekutumira.
Mimba inogona kubatwa kuburikidza kudya nyama kubva kune mhuka inotapukirwa (kana mune zviitiko zvisingawanzo mvura yakasvibiswa neakterteria).
Mombe inobatwa muUnited States kudzivisa izvi. Vamwe vanogona kungomedza izvo zvavakafema, zvakadai sekuenda kumhemberero yekudhakwa nehurukuro yakasvibiswa.
Izvozvo zvinogona kukonzera zvinokonzera fevha, chills, kutuka kwemutsipa, maronda, kurwadziwa pakumedza, kuoma kutaura, kusuruvara nekurutsira zvikuru neropa, kurwiswa kazhinji neropa, kurwadziwa mumimba, kuvhara mumimba, uye musoro. Haisi kungova nemukondombera, asi kunogona kuva nehupamhi uye inotyisa mutsipa.
Kufa kuri 25-75%.
Inhalation inowanikwa kuburikidza kuburikidza nekuputira zvipuka mumhepo (aerosolized) zvakadai kubva pane chero chipi chinokanganisa spores mumhuka kana mavanda avo, zvakadai kuburikidza kuburikidza nekugadzira mvere dzemakwai, zvivande, nyama, kana kunyange kubva pamutambo wedhakwa nemutambo wakasvibiswa.
Ichi ndicho chinonyanya kuipa uye chinouraya.
Inhalation anthrax inokonzera fivha, chills, kufema kufema, kuputika, kukoromora, kushungurudzika, kusuruvara, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, kuora musoro, kuderedza kutuka, kuneta, muviri aches, uye chest aches.
Avo vanofa kubva pacho kazhinji vane ropa remvura mumapapu avo, kuzvimba muuropi dzavo, pamwe nekudururira pamwoyo yavo (pericardial effusion) uye mimba (ascites). Vamwe vane rush (petechial). Lymph nodes (mediastinal) uye chirwere chinogona kunge chakafa uye chinopa ropa.
Kufa kuri 80%. Pasina kurapwa, kufa kunofungidzirwa kuva pedyo ne100%.
Mutsara unowanikwa kana spores inosvika paganda uye kupinda mukati mutsvuku. Inokonzera zviduku, zvichida zvinoputika, zvichida zvakabatana pamwechete. Ikoko kunogona kuva nechirwere chisina kurwadza nechekati dema, nekuputika kumativi ose, kazhinji pamusoro, mutsi, maoko, kana maoko.
Iyo jekesheni inogona kuwanikwa kubva pakuvhara anthrax-yakasvibiswa zvinhu, zvakadai se heroin . Izvo zvakafanana nehutachiona hwehutachiona asi chirwere chinogona kupararira nekukurumidza nekudaro kuva nengozi.
Ndeipi mabhakitiriya akadaro?
Inokonzerwa nemaBriteria anonzi Bacillus anthracis. Chii chisina kujairika ndechekuti inopinda kuburikidza ne spores. Izvi zvinogona kugara kwenguva yakareba, kunyange gumi, muvhu kana pamhuka yekuvhara uye kuuraya zvisingatarisirwi. Zvirwere zvinogona kupararira kana zvisiri kuzivikanwa anthrax yakanga iripo.
Inobatwa sei?
Mamwe maantibayoti anoshandiswa. Zvinopfuura imwechete inogona kusarudzwa nekuda kwezvinogona kukonzerwa nekudzivisa.
Kune mishonga yakawanda yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kushandiswa paCDC. Kurapa kunogona kuva nevofloxacin, moxifloxacin, kana ciprofloxacin. Carbapenems inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inopedza, tarisiro, kushandiswa kwepore sezvakaita linezolid kana clindamycin. Chloramphenicol inogona kushanda zvakare. Doxycycline dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa.
Vamwe vachada intubation uye ventilation kuvabvumira kufema nekubatsirwa nemichina. Vakawanda vachada rubatsiro kubva kumishonga kuitira kuti ropa ravo rirege kuva rakaderera.
Steroid inokurudzirwa neCDC kune avo vanorwara zvikuru (kushamiswa kunotsoropodza kumagetsi), nhoroondo ye steroid kushandiswa, kupfugama zvikurukuru musoro kana mutsipa, meningitis.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kurwara?
Mutsara kana jekiseni anthrax inogona kuitika nokukurumidza mukati mezuva mushure mekutsvaga. Inhalation anthrax inogona kutora mazuva manomwe kana kupfuura, asi haisi mazuva makumi matanhatu.
Zvakadini kana iwe wakamboratidzwa?
Pane antibiotics - prophylaxis - iyo iwe unogona kutora chete kana zvichiitika pasi pekutarisira kwaanoita utano hwehutano kuderedza mukana wokurwara. Izvi zvinosanganisira Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, uye doxycycline, iyo inogamuchirwa neCDA, uye mamwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kufanana ne moxifloxacin; amoxicillin, penicillin clindamycin. Aya maantibayoti anowanzopiwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu nemapuranga matatu emushonga.
Saka, kune chirwere?
Pane chirwere asi hachiwaniki kuvanhu vose. Inowanikwa kune mamwe mapoka ematambudziko-mauto, veterinarians, vamwe vashandi vemombe. Iyo Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA) kana BioThraxTM haina Anthrax uye haigone kukonzera anthrax. Ichi chirwere chinofungidzirwa kuti chidzivirire pakuputika uye kutapukirwa kwepakati kunyange zvazvo pane zvishoma. Yakagamuchirwa neRDA kuti isati yatanga kupora uye yakabvumirwa kubva muna 1970.
Mombe inopirwa muUnited States.
Ndingazvibata here kune mumwe munhu anorwara?
Zvichida kwete. Varwere veAnthrax havadi zvimwe zvinodzivirira kupfuura chero mumwe murwere. Zvipatara hazvidi kuti zviparadzanise varwere vanofungidzirwa. Vatapi vezvehutano vanofanira kushandisa maitiro ekuchengetedza .
Ikoko kune ngozi shomanana yokuti munhu ane anthrax ane mutsara, zvichida ane kupindira kwepachiviriro, anogona kuuraya mumwe munhu. Kazhinji, usabata chero maronda. Saka usabata anthrax yakagadzirwa nemaoko ako asina maoko.
Unoedzwa sei?
Special reference labs muUnited States inogona kubatsira. Dhiyabhorosi miedzo, kana inotorwa vasati varwisa mabhakitiriya, inogona kuratidza mabhakitiriya kubva pachimuenzaniso chekutsvaira, kuvhara ropa, kuvhara ropa, kucheneswa kweganda. Antibodies muropa anogonawo kuedzwa. Bhokisi X-Ray kana Cat scan rinogona kuratidza "kuparadzaniswa kwemuviri" kunogona kubatsira kuongorora inhalation anthrax.