DMN uye Kubatanidza Kushanda
Basa rinoshandisa magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) rinotibvumira kuita zvinyorwa pamusoro pehuropi muvanhu vari kurarama vanobva pamifananidzo yakaomesa. Kune imwe, yakatibvumira kuti tive nemamwe mazwi anokosha pamusoro pemaitiro ehutachiona anowanzoitika, zvichibatanidza mamiriro ekutengesa. Kuti uchinzwisise mitambo yakadaro, zvisinei, mamwe mamiriro ekugadzikana kwebasa anodiwa kutanga.
Chii Chinoshanda Kukurukurirana MRI?
Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zveFMRI zvinoitwa apo murwere ari kuita basa rimwe nerimwe. Somuenzaniso, kana vakasundira bhokiti neruoko rwavo rworudyi, iwe ungazoona humwe rutivi rworuboshwe rwemaodzanyemba pedyo ne motor cortex chiedza panguva iyoyo.
Imwe nzira ndeyekutarisa uropi apo hutsvakurudzo yokuzvipira ari kuita chinhu zvachose mu scanner - kungovata ipapo. Iyi nzira dzimwe nguva inonzi "yekuzorora" fMRI.
Apo patinenge takavata ipapo, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzehuropi dzine basa rekushambadzira, kureva mazai emagetsi anokonzerwa nechiratidzo cheMRI. Dzimwe nguva, mafungu aya ari muchibvumirano kune mumwe nemumwe, zvinoreva kuti vanowira mumatunhu akakwirira uye mazamu eyo waveform panguva imwe chete. Zvakangoita sokuti vakanga vari nhengo dzakasiyana dzeimba dzechikwata dzichitamba chikamu chimwechete chemimhanzi dzichichitevera mutungamiriri mumwe chete. Nzvimbo mbiri idzi dzakanzi dzinoshanda.
Kugadzirisa kushanda hakufaniri kuyerwa pazororo. Mabasa akadai sekucherechedza chimwe chinhu chakakosha anogona kuchinja mararamiro ehutano hunoshanda mukati mehupi.
Kugadzirisa kushanda hakurevi kuti zvikamu zviviri zveuropi zvakananga uye zvakabatana. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakasiyana dzouropi dzinogona kunge dziri kure kwazvo, asi vose vari kugamuchira zviratidzo kubva pakati pepfungwa dzenharaunda se thalamus.
Izvi zvingave zvichiri kushanda zvakabatana kana zviratidzo zvavo zviri mu synchrony.
Kuzivisa yeDefault Mode Network
Pamakore gumi apfuura kana zvakadaro, kuwedzera kuve kwakabhadharwa kune hutano hunoita sehutano senzira yekuwana masanzura ari muuropi ayo ane chokuita nemamwe mabasa, kusanganisira kungozorora chete. Imwe yenzvimbo dzakakurumbira mitambo inokurukurwa ndeyokusiya mode network.
Izwi rokuti "default mode" rakatanga kushandiswa naDr. Marcus Raichle muna 2001 kurondedzera kurega kweuropi basa. Izvo zvakanga zvambove zvataurwa kuti "kubvisa" uropi hahushandisi simba shoma kupfuura huropi hunoita "kushanda" basa, zvichiratidza kuti zvimwe uropi hahu "zorora" zvakanyanya sezvainoshandura rudzi rwebasa rauri kuita akabatanidzwa.
Izvo zvisina kumira mode network (DMN) inosanganisira pasi-frequency oscillations pamusoro pekugadzirisa kumwechete kwechipiri. Inetaneti inonyanya kushanda apo uropi huri kuzorora. Apo uropi hunotungamirirwa kune rimwe basa kana chinangwa, kushandiswa kwekutengesa kunopedza.
Ikoko, inogona kunge iri, inopfuura imwe chete isina kumira mode network-yatakadana DMN inogona kunge iri yekusungirirwa kwemasiteturu maduku, imwe neimwe yakatsaurirwa pane chimwe chinhu chakasiyana pane chimwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe nzvimbo dzouropi dzinowanzonzwisiswa sechikamu cheDMN.
Ndezvipi Zvikamu Zvebongo Zviri MuDMN?
Nzvimbo dzouropi dzakabatanidzwa mumutambo wekutsvaga mhando dzinosanganisira nguva yepakati yelobe, iyo yepamusoro yekortex cortex , uye yepamusoro yakagadziriswa cortex, pamwe chete nechokudzivirira mhepo uye zvikamu zveparietal cortex. Zvose izvi nzvimbo dzakabatanidzwa nedzimwe pfungwa dzepfungwa dzomukati. Semuenzaniso, iyo yepakati yenguva yekare inosanganiswa neyekuyeuka . Nhengo yepakati yemakortex yakave yakabatanidzwa nenyanzvi yepfungwa, kukwanisa kubvuma vamwe semafungiro nemanzwiro akafanana neyako. Izvozvo zvinotevera zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvinosanganisira kusanganisa maitiro akasiyana emangariro.
Mirror neurons zvakare yakakonzerwa kuti iyanane neDMN.
Chii chinonzi DMN?
Nemhaka yekuti default default network inonyanya kushanda pakuzorora uye nekuda kwezvivako zvakabatanidzwa, vamwe vanhu vakafunga kuti inosanganiswa nemafungiro okufungidzira, kusanganisira mabasa akafanana nekupedza kana kutora zvingarangariro. Vamwe vakataura, zvisinei, kuti basa racho ringangodaro rakabatana nehutano hwehutano husingabatanidzi chero basa ripi zvaro-kunyange kuruzorora-kunyange pfungwa iyi ichiita seyikusava nehanya.
Kuchinja kwehutachiona hwemhando yehutano kwakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwezvirwere zvakasiyana, kusanganisira chirwere cheAlzheimer, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, nezvimwe. Zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera kuita zvishoma kana kuita zvakawanda, uye dzimwe nguva dhiyabhorosi inosiyana sezvinoitika chaizvoizvo. Kunyangwe izvi zvichiratidza kunzwisisa kwakashata kwechirwere, nzira yacho, kana zvose zviri zviviri hazvizivikanwi.
Chimwe chezvitsoropodzi zvakasangana pamusoro peDMN ndechokuti kuchinja mukati maro kunoratidzika kusingabatsiri - kushandiswa kweiyo muyero kana usingatauri kuti chinetso chii? Vamwe vakabvunzurudza kana ruvara rwekodzero iyi kunyange ruzivo rwakakosha, kunyange sekutsvakurudza kunowedzera hupenyu hwehupenyu hweDMN hunova zvakaoma kupokana.
Mimwe mitambo, yakadai seyo inobatanidzwa nekucherechedza, maonero, nekunzwa, zvakare yakatsanangurwa. Kunyange zvazvo rubatsiro rwezvehutano rwemasvomhu aya huri kujeka, hunogona kuratidza shanduko inokosha mune zvatinofunga nezvehuropi, uye ndiani angataura kuti kufunga kwakadaro kuchatiendesa mune ramangwana?
> Sources:
> Buckner, RL; Andrews-Hanna, JR; Schacter, DL (2008). "Brain's Default Network: Anatomy, Basa, uye Kuremekedza Zvirwere". Annals weNew York Academy of Sciences 1124 (1): 1-38.
> Zvakanaka, DA; Cohen, AL; Dosenbach, NUF; Chechi, JA; Miezin, FM; Barch, DM; Raichle, ME; Petersen, SE uye al. (2008). "Kuvakwa kwekuvaka kwakakosha kweuropi kusinganisiki". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 (10): 4028-32.
> Raichle, Marcus E .; Snyder, Abraham Z. (2007). "Kusava nemafungiro ehuropi kushanda: Nhoroondo pfupi yechinangwa chekushanduka". NeuroImage 37 (4): 1083-90.