Dambudziko reRopa

Chirongwa Chekusawirirana Kweropa

Kushungurudzwa kweRopa kunosanganisira matambudziko muropa redu kana marora. Mushure mokuberekwa, mapfupa edu (mafuta mukati memafupa edu) ndiyo inokonzera masero matsva eropa. Kakawanda, zvinetso nenzira iyo bone yedu inowedzera inobudisa masero eropa zvinokonzera kukanganiswa kweropa. Kushungurudzwa kweropa kunogona kuitika kubva kune imwe yezvikamu zvina zveropa redu:

1. Maso matsvuku eropa-anobatsira kurwisa zvirwere.
2. Masero matsvuku eropa-anotakura okisijeni kumasukisi.

1. Platelets-iyo inobatsira kumisa kubuda ropa.
2. Plasma-iyo inotakura zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira procoagulant factors (iyo inobatsira kudzivisa kubuda ropa) uye anticoagulant zvinhu (izvo zvinodzivirira clot maitiro).

> Ona ariti uye masero matsvuku eropa pedyo-up.

Yakawanda yeropa reyero yeropa yakaverengwa inonzi leukocytosis uye nhamba shoma dzinonzi leukopenia. Kune marudzi mashanu emasero machena eropa, ose ayo angave akabatwa:

1. Granulocytes (inonziwo neutrophils kana neutrophils akabatanidzwa)

• Kudzivirirwa kweMvura Yakadzika Thrombosis

• Chirongwa chePlatelet Disorders

1. Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
3. Eosinophils
4. Basophils

Maitiro mazhinji ehutano akakodzera pasi pehupamhi hunoongororwa nehutano hweropa hunosiyana zvakanyanya. Nenzira yakawanda, apo vanachiremba vachitaura kune chimwe chinhu sechirwere cheropa, vari kureva kuti haisi kenza (benign).

Zvimwe zvinetso zveropa zvinorarama munzvimbo iri pakati pechirwere uye yakaipa (kenza)-dzimwe nguva inonzi inofanirwa-uye inogona kuchinja kuva kenza. Leukemia inowanzosanganiswa munguva yakazara yezvirwere zveropa sezvo iri kenza yeropa / bone marora. Matambudziko eropa anonyanya kuonekwa nehematologists-vanachiremba vanonyanya kugadziriswa uye kurapwa kwezvinetso muropa renyu uye / kana marora emarara.

Nyaya Dzose

• Neutropenia inopera nhamba yeeutrophils, iyo yeropa rega rega. I-neutrophils chikamu chinokosha chemuviri wako wechirwere chemasimba anorwisa zvirwere zvebhakitiriya. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinosanganisira autoimmune neutropenia, Shwachman Diamond Syndrome, uye cyclic neutropenia.
• Anemia inokonzerwa nekusara kwemasero matsvuku eropa kana hemoglobin-protein inotakura oksijeni. Anemia inogona kukonzerwa nekushaya simba kwesimbi, sickle cell disease, kana thalassemia.
• Polycythemia vera (PV) mamiriro ayo mafupa ako mapfupa anoita nhamba yakawandisa yemasero matsvuku eropa. Iko kukura kunogona kusimudzira dambudziko rako rekugadzirisa mavara.
• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) ndiyo mamiriro ayo maplatelet ako anonzi "kunze" uye saka anoparadzwa. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune yakadzika pasi platelet kuverenga uye kubuda ropa.
• Thrombocytosis inoreva kuwedzera kwenhamba yemaplatelet. Nenzira yakanaka, nguva yakawanda, kukwirira kweplatelet kunokonzerwa nechimwe chinhu (reactive thrombocytosis) iyo ichava nani apo mamiriro ezvinhu ari nani anovandudza. Kunyanya pamusoro pezvo, zvakadaro, ropa rine mamiriro ehutachiona hunokosha (ET) apo marora ako mapfupa anopa nhamba dzakakwirira kwazvo dzeplatelets dzinowedzera dambudziko rekuwedzera ropa.

• Hemophilia inokwana nhaka inoguma nekuderera kwezvishoma zveprocoagulant zvinhu (8, 9, uye 11). Izvi zvinoguma nekubuda ropa nyore. Vanhu vane hemophilia dzimwe nguva vanotumidzwa se "bluerers".
• Ropa rega (iro rinonziwo thrombosis) rinogona kuitika chero kupi mumuviri. Muuropi, inonzi shamroke; mukati memwoyo, inonzi chirwere chemwoyo (kana kuti myocardial infarction). Mvura yakadzika inonzi thrombosis (DVT) inowanzoreva kuvhara ropa mumakumbo kana pamakumbo.

Zviratidzo

Zviratidzo zvehutano hweropa zvinokanganisa zvakawandisa sezvinoonekwa. Zvimwe zvinetso zveropa zvinokonzera zviratidzo zvishomanana, asi vamwe vane basa rekuwedzera. Semuyenzaniso:

• Anemia inogona kukonzera kuneta, kupera kwepfufu, kana kuwedzerwa kwemwoyo.
• Thrombocytopenia inogona kukonzera kuwedzera kupwanya kana kubuda mumuromo kana mumhino.
• Hemophilia inogona kukonzera kuwedzerwa kweropa asi inozivikanwa kuti inonyatsotarisa mishonga uye masangano pasina kukuvara.
• Ropa rinovhara mumakumbo kana pamakumbo zvinogona kukonzera kubvunda uye kurwadziwa.

Kuziva

Chiremba wako achakuongorora iwe uye zviratidzo zvako kuti uone kunyanya kuongororwa.

Izvi zvicharatidza basa-up rinodiwa kusimbisa kuongororwa. Sezvaungave wakambofungidzira, nguva zhinji yenguva yeropa rinodiwa. Dzimwe nguva kukanganiswa kweropa kunowanika mubasa rebasa rakagadzirwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakadai sekuongorora kwegore kwegore.

Chiyero chinowanzoshandiswa kuongorora zvirwere zveropa nderopa rakazara nhamba (CBC). ICBC inotarisa zvitatu zvemasero eropa uye inotarisa kana rimwe remasero eropa richiwedzerwa kana kuti rakaderera kana kana kupfuura imwe yeropa rega rega rakabatwa. Idzi ruzivo runogona kutungamirira kune kuongororwa kana kuzivisa kana mamwe mabasa akawanda-awa achidiwa. Ropa remear rinogonawo kuiswa pamwe neCBC uye inobvumira chiremba wako (kana kuti pathologist) kuti atarise masero eropa pasi pe microscope kupa mamwe mazano anobatsira.

Kana uine ropa rakawanda, chiremba wako angangotarisa kuongororwa ropa kunowanzonzi "coags". "Coags" kazhinji inosanganisira miedzo miviri inotarisa yako coagulation system-iyo prothrombin nguva (PT) uye nguva yepromboplastin (PTT).

• Izvo Ropa Rinopfeka Rinowanikwa Sei?

• Kutungamirira Poisoning: Zviratidzo, Zviratidzo, uye Matambudziko

Iyi miedzo inopa ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pekuti ropa rako rinovhara sei. Kana iyo PT kana PTT ichiwedzerwa (zvichiratidza kuti iwe unowanzobuda ropa kupfuura vamwe vanhu), mberi kwekushanda kuchaitwa. Chiremba wako anogona kuraira mazinga emunhu mumwechete coagulation kana kuongorora basa remaplatelet ako.

Ropa remagazi rakasiyana zvakasiyana. Kuti uzviongorore, chiremba wako achada kufananidza nzvimbo ine chokuita. Mumaoko kana pamakumbo, an ultrasound inoshandiswa kuongororwa kuti inogona kuvharwa. Mumapapu kana muuropi, CT (computerized tomography) kana MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) zvinowanzoshandiswa.

Kurapa

Kurapa kunotsanangurwa nehutano hwako chaihwo. Zvimwe zvirwere zvisingaoneki zveropa hazvina kurapwa zvakananga asi zvinogona kuda kurapwa panguva dzezviitiko zvakakomba. Semuyenzaniso:

• Kuora muviri kunokonzerwa nekushayikwa kwesimbi kuchabatwa nesimbi yekuwedzera. Beta thalassemia guru, iyo inokonzerwa nhaka yeanemia, inobatwa nekuwedzerwa ropa kamwe kamwe.
• Hemophilia inogona kurapwa ne coagulation factor replacement products which can be used to treat one bleeding or, when given on regular basis, prevent the bleeding (prophylaxis).

Zvakakosha kukurukura nachiremba wako izvo zvakanakisisa kurapwa ndezvipi iwe uye iwe unoona.

Shoko Rinobva

Kudzidza iwe kana munhu waunoda angave ane chirwere cheropa chinogona kutyisa. Dzimwe nguva kushungurudzika kunowedzerwa paunotumirwa kunzvimbo yekenza yekuona nyanzvi. Izvi hazvirevi kuti chiremba wako anofunga kuti une kenza. Vazhinji vehutachiona vanodzidziswawo neoncology (kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwekenza) uye kushanda mumakiriniki ne oncologists. Tariro, kuva nekunzwisisa zviri nani kuti zvinetso zveropa zvinoderedza chii chezvinhu zvako zvinonetsa.

> Kwakabva:

> Kaushansky K, Lichtman MA, Prchal J, Levi MM, Press O, Burns L, Caligiuri M. (2016). Williams Hematology (9th ed.) USA. McGraw-Hill Dzidzo.