US urongwa hwakagadzirirwa kuti zvigone kuitika
Denda
Maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chibhokisi chinotyisa, chinopararira, uye dzimwe nguva chirwere chinouraya chinokonzerwa nechirwere che variola. Zviratidzo zvechibhokisi zvinotanga nefivha huru, musoro uye muviri aches, uye dzimwe nguva kurutsa. Kurwisana kunotevera kunopararira uye kunofambira mberi kunokwidza mazamu uye mabheti anozadza-mazadza ayo akareba, ganda, uye anowira mushure memavhiki mashatu, achisiya chikara chakaiswa.
Munhu akarembera hovhapukirini ichave isina zviratidzo uye haiparadzi. Dzimwe nguva pakati pemakore manomwe nemasere gare gare, zviratidzo zvichatanga. Munhu wacho anonyanya kuipararira kana chikafu chinotanga, uye chinoramba chichipupurirwa kusvikira chipfuva chekupedzisira chinopera.
Dambudziko reNhopisi
Chibhokisi, kana chichishandiswa senhumbi, ingadai iri ngozi huru nekuti:
- inopararira mumhepo kana munhu ane utachiona achifema, hurukuro, kuseka, kana kukoromora
- iyo inogonawo kuparadzirwa nehutachiwana hwehutachiwana kana mbatya dzomubhedha
- inogona kupararira mune chero mamiriro emamiriro ekunze kana mwaka
- hapana kurapa kana kurapwa
- vashoma vachiremba vaizoziva chibhokisi kana vakaiona
- vanhu vanopona izvi vasara nemavara akaipa pamitumbi yavo kana chiso, uye vamwe vanove mapofu
- 30% kana kupfuura yevanhu vanobata chirwere chepopotara vanofa
Nhomba yakaparadza vanhu veAmerica muma1700s (ona bhuku raElizabeth Fenn, Pox Americana , nokuda kwezvakadzama). Ani zvake anoziva nezvazvo anotya.
Pane imwe nguva mamiriro ezvinhu akaparidzirwa mune zvinobudisa nhau kwaizova nekupararira kunetseka, kunyange kutya.
Chii Chiri Kuitwa Nezvekuvhiringidza Kunogona Kuitika?
Sezvo chiitiko chekupedzisira chechibhokisi chakaitika muna 1977 muSomalia, masayendisiti akafanirwa kuvimba nekutsvakurudza kwakaitwa kare zvisati zvaitika, pamwe nekufungidzira kwavo kwakanakisisa vakadzidza, pavanenge vachiedza kuronga kuparadza.
Heino zvatinoshandisa, uye chii chiri kuitwa:
1. Vanhu vanorapwa makore akawanda apfuura vangasave vasina kudzivirira.
Kemukari inopa hutachiona hwechirwere, asi kwete nokusingaperi; masayendisiti anowanzobvumirana kuti hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakakwana hunopera makore 3-5. Pashure pacho, inotanga kupera. Chimwe chidzidzo chakabudiswa muna 1972 chakaratidza chiyero chekufa kwe11% kune vanhu vachirwereka makore anopfuura makumi maviri vasati vasvitsa chibhokisi.
Masayendisiti anoziva kuti kana mumwe munhu aine chirwere chechibhokisi, kupa munhu chirwere mukati memazuva mana kunoderedza kusuruvara kwechirwere kana kunyange kumudzivisa kuti arege kuitora.
2. Purogiramu Yezvokugadzirira Dhaka reNhomba
MunaDecember 2002 chirongwa cheUnited States Chokugadzirisa Dhomba Dzakawanda chakatangwa kudzivirira vaAmerica pamusoro pegorosi, kana ichifanira kushandiswa sechirwere chezvisikwa. Dutu reMhinduro dzeShopisi Dzinofanira kuumbwa mumharaunda munyika yose. Nhengo dzematunhu, kusanganisira vashandi vehutano, vanodzimisa moto, mapurisa, uye vanozvipira, vanorapwa vachipikisa chibhokisi uye saka vanogona kupindura kubuda kusina kubvumirana nechirwere ichi. Dhipatimendi reZvivirika zvakare rakatanga kupora vachengeti vehondo uye vehurumende vachishandiswa kune nzvimbo dzakanyanya ngozi.
MunaJanuary 24 -December 31, 2003, chirwere chechibhokisi chakashandurwa kusvika kune 39 213 vashandi vezvehutano vehurumende uye vashandi vehutano vese vehurumende muSouth America Vanopfuura 1 mamiriyoni ehondo nevatsigiri vakagamuchirawo vachox vaccination kubvira muna December 2002.
3. Dhipatimendi reMDC yeChirongwa cheShopombwe nemitungamiri
ICDC yakagadzira Purogiramu Yezvokupindura Zvinyorwa uye Mirayiridzo. Urongwa huri kuratidza nzira dzinogona kutungamirira hutano hwehutungamiri hwevanhu kune hutachiona hwechibhokisi pahurumende, nyika, uye mahara. ICDC inotaura kuti chirwere chechibhokisi hachiwaniki kune nhengo dzevanhu vakawanda panguva ino. Zvisinei, kana chiitiko chekuputika, sangano rinotaura kuti pane zvakakwana zvekudzivirira chirwere cheporopic chakachengeterwa kurwisa munhu wese muUnited States.
4. Kudzidzisa vanopa utano nezvehutano
Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti kudzidzisa vanachiremba navanachiremba nzira yekugadzirisa chirwere chechipembenene zvakanaka uye kuziva kuti kubudirira kunoitika kune chirwere (chirwere chekuchengetedzwa kwejecha) chichava chirongwa chinopfuurira.
Chibhokisi hachina kupiwa mupfuri rimwe chete (injection) sezvimwe zvirwere. Pane imwe nzira inoshandiswa inoshandiswa inonzi multiple puncture vaccination. Vashandi vezvoutano vanofanirawo kudzidzisa avo vanorapwa nezvezviratidzo zvinogona kuitika, uye kuti vatarise sei chirwere pane nzvimbo yekudzivirira.
Unoda Kuziva Zvakawanda Here?
ICDC ine Smallpox Basics uye Vaccine Overview inowanikwa kuvanhu vose. Pano pane peji reji rezvidzidzo pamusoro pezvatinodzidza nezvebhokisi kubva kumafirimu - Chokwadi kana Fiction inokurukura FX Networks 2005 TV movie "Chibhokisi" uye May 2002 ER finale.
> Sources
> Altman, Lawrence K. "Migumisiro yechirwere cheShopisi Inogona Kuva Yakakura, Yokudzidza Inoti" The New York Times , 8/29/02.
> Centers for Disease Control. Chibhokisi.