Cholera chirwere chebhakitiriya chinokonzerwa nemakemikari anowedzera mumvura. Vanhu avo vanorwara zvakanyanya nekororera vanogona kupera mvura yakawanda nokukurumidza pamusana pekuparara kwezuva uye kushambidzika. Haasi munhu wose anotengesa kororera anova anorwara, asi avo vanoita vari pangozi yekufa kana vasingabatanidzwi nokukurumidza.
Cholera inonyanya kuwanikwa muUnited States nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira uko kushambidzika kwehupfumi kwevanhu kwakanyatsogadziriswa uye kunaka kwehutano hwevanhu huzhinji hunoitwa.
Pakati pe2001 ne2011, somuenzaniso, paive nemakore 111 chete akataurwa nezvekororera muU.S., maererano neCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Zvisinei, kubuda kwekemera kuchiri kuitika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika umo kusvibiswa uye utsanana hwemunhu huri kukanganisa. Kana ukaronga kushanyira nzvimbo yakadai, unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti chirwere chinoparadzirwa sei uye chengetedza kuzvidzivirira. Somuenzaniso, kune chirwere chekurera chevanhu vakuru. Asi cherechedza kuti vanhu vakawanda vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika uko kororera iripo haisi kuenda kunzvimbo dzinoputika.
Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvinoratidza kora huru yakakura inoputika mumvura yakawanda iyo dzimwe nguva inonzi "rizi mvura zvigadzi" (nokuti inofanana nemvura yakashandiswa kushambidza risi), kurutsa, nemakumbo emakumbo. Kurasikirwa kwakakurumidza kwemvura-inenge yakaita 20 litres pazuva-kunogona kukonzera kukurumidza kupera simba.
Zviratidzo zvekudzikisa mvura zvinosanganisira ganda turgor (zvinoreva chikamu cheganda chine piniki chinononoka kudzokera kune chinzvimbo chakanaka), maziso anocheka, kukurumidza kwemwoyo, kutsika kweropa , uye kuora kurasikirwa. Kushungurudzwa kunogona kuitika apo kurasikirwa kwemvura kunokonzera kushambadzira kwenyika kuparara nokuti hakusi ropa rakawanda seanowanzopfuura.
Cholera haiwanzokonzera fivhiri.
Cause
Iyo microbe inokonzera korera iyo ibhakitiriya yakaipa inonzi Vibrio cholerae. Munhu anowanzobatwa nehutachiona ichi kuburikidza nekunwa mvura yakasvibiswa nemasese kubva kune umwe munhu ane utachiona. Iyo bhakitiriya inogonawo kuparadzirwa nenzira yezvokudya zvakashambidzwa kana kugadzirwa nemvura yakasvibiswa. Iko dzimwe nguva inoparadzirwa kuburikidza nehove yakasvibirira kana isina kuputika. Munhu-ku-munhu kutengesa hazvibviri.
V. Chirwere chinokonzera kukanganisa kugadzirisa chirongwa nekugadzira chepfu inokanganisa kutarisa uye kuenzanisa kwekudzivirira kwemasero mumcosal mukati mamatumbo. Zvakare, kazhinji haisi kukonzera fevha; mabhakitiriya anoramba ari mumatumbo.
Kuziva
Nemhaka yokuti chirwere chinokonzerwa nekenza chinoratidzika pakuonekwa, izvo zvinowanzogadzirisa kurapwa kwechirwere. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira kutsigira kuongororwa kunosanganisira kurutsira, kukurumidza kuderedza mvura, kufamba kwemazuva ano kunzvimbo inosvika kubuda korira, kana kudya kwekupedzisira kwe shellfish. Kune maitiro ekuongorora maitiro ekuongorora chirwere, zvisinei, kusanganisira zvigaro zvemashoko.
Kurapa
Rufu kubva kuKirarera inokonzerwa nekudzikisa mvura, saka chinonyanya kukosha pakurapa chirwere chiri kutora mvura inosakara mumuviri.
Izvi zvinoshamisa kuti zvinonzwisisika kuita nemazwi ekugadzirisa mafungiro emvura zvinosanganisira mvura yakawanda yemvura inowanikwa nemafuta eeshuga nesarti. Izvi zvinowanikwa mune zvekutengeserana asi zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kuuya munyika dziri kusimukira nekuda kwemari. Miti yekugadzirisa mishonga yeACT kana kushandisa mishonga yemhuri pamwe chete nezvinhu zvinogona kuita zvakanyanya. Kakawanda, vanhu vane zvirwere vanoiswa pa "cholera cots" iyo inobvumira fecal kubuda kupinda mukati muchengeti. Nenzira iyi vanochengeta vanogona kuona kuti mvura yakadini iri kurasikirwa saka saka zvinoda kuchinjwa sei.
Vanhu vari pangozi yekuvhiringidzika vangave vachida mvura inopisa kuti iwedzere chiyero apo miviri yavo inogadziriswa, zvakadaro.
Ava varwere vanorwara zvikuru vanogonawo kupiwa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kubatsira kubvisa machira eA. cholerae nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, kuitira kuti zvose zvinoda mvura uye nguva yakawanda mabhakitiriya aripo muzvigaro zvavo zvinogona kuderedzwa. Mishonga yeAndialarrheal haina kukurudzirwa mukurapa korera, nokuti inodzivisa kubuda kwebhakitiriya kubva mumuviri.
Kudzivirira
Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vekukera zvirwere hazvisi zvakanyanya, vanhu vane utachiona hweVV. Chirwere chinoramba chichidurura mabhakitiriya kudzokera mumamiriro ezvinhu, izvo zvinogona kuuraya vamwe vane chirwere chakakomba chakakomba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, CDC inokurudzira kuti ani naani anogara kana kuti anofamba kune nzvimbo iyo korira inowanikwa inofanira kunwa mvura yakabikwa kana klorini- kana iodini yakarapwa kana mabhodhoro. Zvokudya zvinofanira kunyatsogadzirwa, uye munhu mumwe nomumwe anofanira kubvisa zvibereko zvake. Uyezve, zvakachenjera kuti uchenjere nechando, zvinodhaka zvekudya, ice cream, uye chero zvipi zvazvo zvekudya uye zvinwiwa zvinotengeswa mumugwagwa. Kuramba uye kushambidza maoko nemaoko kunokosha pakudzivirira kora.
Kune mishonga yakawanda yekodera, asi chete, Vaxchora (lyophilized CVS 103-HgR), inowanikwa muUnited States. Inoshanda kuburikidza nekudzivirira chirwere chakanyanya chinokonzerwa nerudzi rwakakurumbira rwekutera uye rinokurudzirwa neCDC kuvanhu vakuru vanoenda kunzvimbo dzine shungu dzekutengesa kororera. Cherechedza, kunyange zvakadaro, zvirwere zvekurera hazvigone kudzivirirwa zvakakwana, uye naizvozvo kunyange iwe wakagara vachakonzerwa zvakakosha kutevera zvidzidzo zvekuchengetedza zvidzidzo.
Shoko Rinobva
Vanhu vanogara munyika dzakabudirira havafaniri kunetseka nekolera, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika zvinogona kunge zvakanyanya kutyisidzira. Nyika dzinokonzerwa nekakera dzinosanganisira Haiti neDominican Republic, pamwe nenzvimbo dzeAfrica neAsia. World Health Organization (WHO) inoshuma kuti kune mamiriyoni 1,3 kusvika ku4 mamiriyoni emakirera egore negore uye kuti pakati pe 21,000 kusvika 143,000 vanhu vanofa nekolera.
Muchiedza kubvisa nyika yekororera zvachose, Global Task Force pamusoro peKolara Control, musangano wevanopfuura makumi mashanu emayunivhesiti, masangano asiri ehurumende, uye masangano eUnited Nations, pamwe neWHO, ari kutarisa nzira nhatu:
- Iine chirwere chekera nekukurumidzira
- Kutarisa kutapurirwa kwekorila munzvimbo dzine dambudziko rakanyanya
- Kupa rutsigiro kune dzimwe nyika dzakapararira nekolera nevanhu, teknolojia, uye mari
Tichifunga kuti kora inogona kukuvadza sei kana kuputika kuchiitika, basa iri rakakosha zvakakwana kushanda uye danho rinokosha pakuumba kusikwa kwehutano nekugara zvakanaka.
> Sources:
> Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. "Utano Vehufambi: Cholera." March 6, 2018.
> Frerichs, RR, Keim, PS, Barrais, R, naPiarroux, R. "Nepalese Mhuka yeChorera inopararira muHaiti." Clin Microbiology uye Infection . June 2012. Vol 18 Nyaya 6, mapeji E158-E163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03841.x
> Loharikar, A, et.al. "Cholera muUnited States, 2001-2011: Kufungisisa Maitiro eEpidemiology Global nekufamba." Epidemiol Infect . Mar 2015; 143 (4): 695-703. DOI: 10.1017 / S0950268814001186.
> Orata, Fabini D, Keim, Paul S, naBoucher, Yan. "Gore ra2011 Cholera Outbreak muHaiti: Sayenzi Yakagadziriswa Kakavhiringidzika." PLosPathog . Apr 2014; 10 (4): e1003967. DOI: 10.1371 / rega.ppat.1003967
> World Health Organization. "Cholera." Feb 1, 2018.