Vanachiremba uye Rufu: Chii Chiremba uye Basa revarwere?
Apo vanachiremba vanosarudza kuva vanachiremba, vazhinji vanodaro kunze kwechido chokubatsira kudzivirira zvirwere uye rufu, kuvandudza hutano uye hupenyu hwevarwere vavo, uye kurapa, kuporesa, uye kurapa varwere pose pavanokwanisa kurapa.
Asi, zvakadini kana, sechiremba, iwe ukawana kuti hapana chimwezve chaunogona kuita kuti ubatsire murwere wako kuti ave nani? Ko kana pasina chinhu chaunogona kuita kubatsira murwere wako kunakidzwa nehupi hupi hwehupenyu?
Ko kana murwere wako ari kutambura zvakanyanya, kuti iye anoda chaizvo kufa , pane kurarama marwadzo, uye asina mufaro unofadza hupenyu? Zvakadini kana chikamu chekutsanangurwa kwebasa chinosanganisira kubvumira murwere kufa, kana kunyange kupa rubatsiro kune murwere kuita kudaro? Sechiremba akadzidziswa kuporesa nekuwedzera hupenyu, unoyananisa sei zvinodiwa zvevarwere vako vanoparara, nebasa rako sechiremba kuponesa hupenyu uye 'usaita zvakaipa'?
Sezvo kufambira mberi kwezvokurapa kunoita kuti varwere vararame kwenguva yakareba mushure mehuhu hwavo hwehupenyu hwakanyangarika, kuwedzera kwezana rechiremba vari kutsigira sangano kubatsira varwere kutora kutonga kwehupenyu hwavo nerufu, uye vanopfuurira kusvika pakuguma kwehupenyu nekuremekedzwa , kusiyana kuparadzwa.
Vanachiremba vokuAmerica zvino vanotsigira rufu noruremekedzo kuburikidza nerubatsiro rwezvekurapa pavanofa nemazana 23 kubva muzana (54% vs. 31%), maererano nekuongorora kweMedscape kwakaitwa kudarika kwekupedzisira kwechiremba 17 000 muUnited States inomiririra zvekurapa makumi maviri nemaviri.
Zvisinei, nhamba iyi inoratidzawo kuti kune vamwe vanachiremba vakawanda vasina chokwadi kuti vanofanira kunge vari kubatsira murwere kufa.
Iyi nyaya yakaburitswa munzvimbo ino ichangobva kuwanikwa nemusikana wechidiki uyo, mushure mekunge aonekwa kuti ane chirwere chisingaperi, akashandisa mavhiki mashomanana ekupedzisira pasi pano kuti ave nekutonga kwekodzero yekufa nerukudzo.
Kuti atore kutonga kwekuguma kwehupenyu hwake, Brittany Maynard akatamira kuOregon, imwe yevashanu nyika iyo ikozvino iri pamutemo kuti iwane rubatsiro rwechiremba rubatsiro nekufa pachavo. Aine rubatsiro rwezvokurapa, Maynard akapedza hupenyu hwake hutano husati hwave huchigona kuparadza muviri wake zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinorwadza. VaMaynard nemhuri yake vakaparidzira rwendo rwavo, vachisiya nhaka yakasimba yekufa nekuremekedzwa, pamwe nekuwanda kwekuwedzera kwechikwata ichikura.
Tsitsi uye Sarudzo, sangano rekare uye guru rehurumende rinoita basa rokuvandudza kutarisira nekuwedzera kusarudzwa kwehupenyu, rakagadzira boka rezvekurudzira rechiremba rainzi Doctors for Dignity. Vanotarisira kuparidzira ruzivo pakati pechiremba kuti vabatsire kuchinja sarudzo mumatunhu akasara kubvumidza rubatsiro rwechiremba mukufa. (Ikozvino iri pamutemo chete muOregon, Washington, Montana, Vermont, neNew Mexico, asi dzimwe nyika 23 dzine mabhiriro mukugadzirira kuguma kwehupenyu-huno, maererano neMadhora ekuremekedza.)
Uyezve, Compassion uye Zvisarudzo uye Madaktari vane Kuremekedza vari kudana kuti AMA ichinje maitiro ayo kune rubatsiro rwezvekurapa kumagumo ehupenyu. (I AMA ikozvino inopesana nayo.)
"Pasinei neAA's kwenguva refu inopesana nemubatsiro wezvehutano mukufa, ndinofungidzira kuti vanhu vazhinji veAAMA - seni - vanovatsigira," akadaro Dr. Eric Kress, nhengo ye AMA uye chiremba anozivikanwa nebhodhi mune mishonga yemhuri, hospice uye mishonga yepamusoro Missoula, Montana iyo inowanikwa muchengeti yekutsvaga ad online. "Vanachiremba vakawanda vanoziva kubva pane zvakaitika kuti kunyange iyo yakanakisisa yekuchengetedza uye kutarisira kurapa hakugone kuregerera kutambura kusingagumi kune mumwe murwere anorwara. Tinokurudzira vanachiremba vanotsigira rubatsiro rwezvehutano mukufa kuti vataure kunze nekubatanidza Madhigirii echiremera. "
Vanachiremba 'kukura kutsigira rubatsiro rwezvekurapa mukufa kunogona kuve nekufuridzirwa nekusigirwa kurikura pakati pevarwere vavo.
Vanenge vanomwe muvatatu veAmerica (68%) vanobvuma kuti "vanhu vanorwara, vanorwadziwa uye vasingagoni kuwana, vane kodzero yekuzvisarudzira kupedza hupenyu hwavo," maererano neGallup's Values and Beliefs survey. Gallup akacherechedza kuti kutsigirwa "kwave kwakasimuka anenge makumi maviri emakore mumakore maviri apfuura uye inomira pamatunhu akakwirira mumakore anodarika gumi."
Takawana rumwe ruzivo pamusoro peiyi nyaya kuburikidza nehurukuro yehurukuro naMaria Steiner, Coordinator, Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza, uye Matt Whitaker, Oregon State Director uye National Healthcare Provider Outreach Coordinator for Compassion & Choices.
Mubvunzo: Sei uye sei nei Madhodhodendi echiremera akatanga? Sei zvino? Ndiani akaiumba, uye chii chakafemerwa?
Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza: Compassion & Choices vanoziva kuti vanachiremba vanowanzoteerera kune vamwe vanachiremba kana zvasvika pakugadzirisa hurongwa. Chinangwa chedu ndechekupa ruzivo pamusoro pomugumo-we-hupenyu hwokuronga, kusanganisira rubatsiro mukufa.
Kune simba mune nhamba. Vanachiremba vekuremekedza vanopa "chifukidziro" kune vamwe uye vanopa rubatsiro uye dzidzo kune mumwe nemumwe. Chimwe chinangwa ndechokuti vanachiremba vave vakanyatsonaka uye vabatane nevarwere avo vari kutarisana nemagumo eupenyu. Chimwe chinangwa ndechokuita masangano anopesana kubatsira kubatsira pakufa kune zvematongerwe enyika kana kuti chirongwa. Apo vanachiremba vanotaura pachena pamusoro pezvigaro zvavo, zvinobatsira kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi.
Vanachiremba vachava vatauriri pamakambani ezvokurapa uye vanopa ruzivo uye dzidzo. Vanachiremba vekuremekedza vachanyora tsamba kune mharidzi uye vanopa uchapupu "unyanzvi" kune zvinyorwa zvepamutemo nepamatare kana zvichidiwa. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti vanachiremba vave chikwata chekusimbisa nekutsvaga kuwedzera kwekupedzisira kwehupenyu hwematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira rufu nekuremekedzwa.
Mubvunzo: Kubatana kwehutano kwakagadzirwa sei munguva pfupi yapfuura? Pane mhando ipi zvayo yechiremba zvishoma kana zvishoma kuti inofanirwa nekufambisa uku? (semuenzaniso, vanachiremba vaduku vanowanzozarurirwa, kana zvimwe zviitiko zvinoratidzika zvakanyanya kubatanidzwa / kuvhurika nazvo, nezvimwewo?)
Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza: Kukura Madhodho eUkuremekedza nhengo kunoratidzika kunge yakabatanidzwa kune zviitiko zvenyika. Takawana nhengo apo Brittany Maynard aive achitaura rubatsiro rwekubatsira pakufa. California vanachiremba vauya nepamusoro pezvikwata zvakakura semugumisiro wemutemo-in-kufa wakaiswa muhurumende yenyika uye takaona dzimwe nhengo dzichibatana panguva yegungano reAAM. Isuwo tinogamuchira nhengo kune dzimwe misangano apo Compassion & Choices ine unhu.
Vanachiremba vezvizvarwa zvose vanobatana nekuguma-kwe-upenyu kusarudza kufamba. Zvisinei, avo vanopedza nguva nevarwere vane chirwere chinotapukira vanowanzova nehukama hwepamusoro pamusana pekukonzera nokuti vakazvionera pachavo kukosha kwehutano, kurwara-kunopedzisira kuguma-kwe-hupenyu hwekutarisira.
Mubvunzo: Ungati kudini kune chiremba uyo "ari panhare" pamusoro peiyi nyaya-zvichida vari kuoma nekugadzirisa zvavakadzidziswa muchikoro chezvechiremba re: mitemo yezvehutano, ine kodzero yemurwere kufa nechiremera .. .
Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza: Kukurukurirana pamusoro pemitemo yezvechiremba uye kuguma-kwe-hutano hwekugara kuri kuramba uchichinja nehutachiona hutsva, mararamiro ekutarisira uye maonero evanhu, asi pakati pekufambira mberi kwose kuonekwa kwekukosha kwekugoverana kusarudzwa nekukurukurirana kunobudirira . Zvinonzi varwere ndivo vadzidzisi vakanakisisa. Ndinogona kukurudzira vanachiremba kuti vabate zvechokwadi nevarwere vavo uye vanonzwisisa nemamiriro avo ezvinhu. Ivaise pakati penzira uye maonero ako achachinja.
Mubvunzo: Mune dzimwe nyika apo zviri pamutemo kupa rubatsiro pakufa, mutemo wakakanganisa sei kuguma kwehupenyu husarudzo?
Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza: Gore rino, kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano hwakanaka nevatungamiri vedu vezvehutano, vanachiremba vakawanda kupfuura vakambotsigira varwere kuburikidza neRufu neHumambo hwekutonga mutemo muOregon (kuwedzera kwe 34% kupfuura 2013).
Mubvunzo: Chiremba anofanirwa kuitei kana achifarira kufamba uku? Vanogona kubatsira sei?
Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza: Ndinoda kukurudzira vanachiremba vanofarira kutumira Doc2Doc mutsara yedu kuti vawane zvakawanda pamusoro pekuti vanogona sei kutsigira varwere vavo uye kuti vasayirire madhigirii eDhigirii. Ndinodawo kuvakurudzira kuti inzwi ravo rikanzwike mukati mavo maitiro avo uye kuvamiriri vavo vakasarudzwa.
Mubvunzo: Izvi zvinokonzera kukakavara mukati memabasa here kana vanachiremba vane maonero akasiyana? Somuenzaniso, kana chiremba mumwe ari kufarira rufu nekuremekedzwa, asi mumwe chiremba anonzwa kuti "akabatsira kuzviuraya" uye ari kunyatsopikisana nazvo, zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko ose nebasa here? Kana zvakadaro, vanachiremba vanofanira kuita sei?
Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza: Nhoroondo yedu muOregon inoratidza kuti vanachiremba vane nhoroondo uye hukama hwevamwe kazhinji vanonzwisisa maonero ehumwe uye zvinokurudzira. Vamwe vevashandi vedu vanoshingaira vanoita pamwe chete nevamwe vevanonyanya kupikisa. Nokuswedera kune mumwe nemumwe nekuremekedzana nekunzwira tsitsi, vanogona kushanda pamwe nekuchengetedza nhaurirano pamusoro penyaya iyi yakazaruka uye yakatendeseka.
Mubvunzo: Ko zvikoro zvezvokurapa zvinogadzirisa kana kuvandudza zvidzidzo zvavo zvachose zvichienderana nekufamba uku?
Vanachiremba Vekuremekedza: MuOregon, zvikoro zvose zvezvokurapa zvinopa mikana yekuita mukurovedza mune zvekurapa kwekubatsira pakufa. Vadzidzi vakawanda vezvehutano munyika yose vari kutitaurira uye vanoziva kuti vanogona sei kuve vakadzidza zvakanyanya pamusoro pekuguma kwehupenyu. Pachine mwedzi uno, [takanga tati] tishandiswe nesangano revadzidzi vezvokurapa, zvose kumaodzanyemba, nezvekugamuchira mamwe mashoko. Kukurukurirana kuri kukura uye kuchinja pane imwe nguva inoshamisa.