Pakazosvika makore mashanu, anenge mwana wese akawana chikamu chimwe chete chepakati yeutachiona hutachiona. Zvizhinji zvehutachiona zvirwere zvinogona kugadzirisa pachavo (utachiona) kana kuti zvakanyatsorapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya (bhakitiriya). Asi dzimwe nguva, hutachiona hwekunzwa uye / kana hutachiona huri mukati hutende hunogona kuva dambudziko risingaperi rinotungamirira kune dzimwe nyaya dzakadai sekurasikirwa kwekunzwa, tsika, uye kutaura.
Muzviitiko izvi, kuiswa kwehutu yehutu neotolaryngologist (nzeve, mhuno, uye chirwere chepuropi) inogona kuonekwa.
Mhete dzinotinha mabhudzi maduku akaiswa mueardrum (tympanic membrane) kubvumira mweya mukati mekunze. Izvo zvinogonawo kunzi tympanostomy tubes, myringotomy tubes, mavheti emhepo, kana PE (kushandiswa kwekusimudzira) tubes.
Aya mazinga anogona kugadzirwa nemapurasitiki, masimbi, kana Teflon uye angave akave nokupfekedzwa kunotapudzwa kunogona kuderedza utachiona huripo. Iko kune maitiro maviri ezvinyorwa zvemateve matope: nguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu. Mavara madiki mashoma madiki uye anowanzogara munzvimbo yemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika pagore vasati vabuda kunze kwavo pachavo. Nguva yakareba-tema yakawanda uye ine mapundu anovachengetedza panzvimbo yacho kwenguva yakareba. Yenguva refu mavhiri anogona kuwira ari oga, asi kubviswa newatolaryngologist inowanzodiwa.
Mhete dzekunzwa dzinowanzokurudzirwa kana munhu achiona achidzokorora hutachiona hwehutano hwepamusoro (acute otitis media) kana kuti kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunokonzerwa nekuvapo kusingaperi kwepakati chenzeve fluid (otitis media neavo).
Izvi zvinowanzowanzoitika kune vana, asi zvinogonawo kuitika kune vechidiki uye vakuru uye zvinogona kutungamirira kumatauriro ekutaura uye kuenzanisa, kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, kana kuchinja muhutano hwe eardrum. Mimwe mamiriro mashoma anowanzoita zvinogona kuisa nzeve yehutu ndeyekunyanganisa kweEardrum kana Eustachian tube, Down Syndrome , cleft palate , uye barotrauma (kukuvadzwa kwepakati chenzeve kunokonzerwa nekuderedza kushandiswa kwemweya), kazhinji kunoonekwa nekuchinja kwepamusoro sekubhururuka uye scuba diving.
Gore roga rega, zvinopfuura hafu yemamiriyoni ekuvhiya hutachiona hunoitwa pamusoro pevana, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakajairika pakuvhiya kwevana zvichiitwa neaneshesia. Avhareji yezera rekunzwa tube kuiswa kune imwe chete kusvika pamakore matatu. Kuisa nzeve dzematope zvinogona:
- kuderedza njodzi yehutachiona hwehutu hunouya
- kudzorera kukanganisa kunzwa kunokonzerwa nenzeve yepakati yemvura
- kunatsiridza matambudziko ekutaura uye matambudziko ekuenzanisa, uye
- kuvandudza maitiro uye matambudziko ekurara anokonzerwa nehutachiona husingaperi.
Mhete dzekutinhira dzinowanikwa kuburikidza nehutano hwepanyama hunonzi " myringotomy" . A myringotomy inoreva kuvharwa (gomba) mueardrum kana chipinja che tympanic. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa pasi pechircroscope yekuvhiya nechechi duku (banga duku), asi rinogonawo kuitwa ne laser. Kana nzeve yekunzwa isingaiswi, gomba rinoporesa nekuvhara mukati memazuva mashoma. Kuchengetedza izvi, hutu hutu hunoiswa muhuni kuti huchengetedze uye hubvumira mweya kusvika pakati pekunzwa nzeve nzvimbo (kupisa mukati).
Chiedza chekushandiswa kwemashoko chinoshandiswa kune vana vaduku. Vamwe vana vakwegura uye vanhu vakuru vanogona kukwanisa kushivirira nzira iyo pasina anesthetic. A myringotomy inoshandiswa uye inoyerera iri shure kweeardrum (iri pakati pekunzwa nzvimbo) inobviswa.
Iyo tube yehutu inobva yaiswa muhomwe. Mhete dzekunzwa dzinogona kupiwa mushure mehutu hutu hunoiswa uye dzinogona kunge huchidikanwa kwemazuva mashoma. Nzira yacho inowanzopedza maminitsi gumi nemashanu uye varwere vanomutsa nokukurumidza.
Dzimwe nguva otolaryngologist inokurudzira kubviswa kweadenoid tissue (lymph tissue mumugwagwa wepamusoro uri kumativi emhino) apo nzeve dzinenge dzaiswa. Izvi zvinowanzotaridzwa apo kudzokorora kuburitsa tube kunokosha. Tsvakurudzo yemazuva ano inoratidza kuti kubvisa adenoid mishonga pamwe chete nekuiswa kwezvinyorwa zvinotapudza kunogona kuderedza dambudziko rekutapukirwa kwekunzwa kwenguva refu uye chido chekuvhiyiwazve.
Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, murwere anoongororwa munzvimbo yekudzikinura uye kazhinji anoenda kumba mukati meawa kana pasina matambudziko aripo. Varwere vanowanzoona zvishoma kana kusina hunova kurwadziwa asi kusuruvara, kusagadzikana, uye / kana kusuruvara kunobva kune anesthesia kunogona kuitika kwechinguva.
Kunzwa kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nenzeve yepakati yemvura inogadziriswa nokukurumidza nekuvhiyiwa. Dzimwe nguva vana vanogona kunzwa zviri nani zvakanyanya zvokuti vanonyunyuta kuti inzwi rinowirirana rinoratidzika kwazvo.
Otolaryngologist ichapa mirayiridzo yakananga kune mumwe murwere kusanganisira nguva yekutsvaga kunyatsoteerera uye kutevedza mazita. Anogonawo kupa mishonga yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwemazuva mashomanana.
Kuti udzivise mabhakitiriya zvichida kupinda mukati-kati nenzeve kuburikidza nehutachiona hwemhepo, vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira kuchengeta nzeve dzakaoma kuburikidza nekushandisa makutu kana mamwe magetsi akaomeswa nemvura panguva yekugeza, kushambira, nemabasa emvura. Zvisinei, kutsvaga kwekupedzisira kwakaratidza kuti kuchengetedza nzeve kunogona kusakosha, kunze kwekunge uchizadza kana kupinda mumvura mumvura isina kuchena yakadai semakungwa nenzizi. Vabereki vanofanira kubvunza chiremba kurapa nezvekudzivirira nzeve mushure mekuvhiyiwa.
Kubvunzurudza neotolaryngologist (nzeve, muromo, uye chirwere chepuroyi) zvinogona kubvumirwa kana iwe kana mwana wako akawana zvirwere zvinowanzoitika kana kuti zvakakomba nzeve, hutachiona hwekunzwa husina kugadziriswa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, kurasikirwa kwekunzwa pamusana pemvura iri mukati, nzeve, kana kuti ane anonymous anomalous that inhibits drainage of the middle ear.
Myringotomy nekuisa nzeve dzekunzwa ndiyo nzira inowanikwa uye yakachengeteka uye ine zvipingamupinyi zvishoma. Kana zvinetso zvikaitika, zvinogona kusanganisira:
Kurohwa - Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana bhubu richibuda kana bhuti refu-refu richibviswa uye bomba muhupanic membrane (nzeve inonzwa) haisati yavhara. Iko rinogona kubatanidzwa kuburikidza neitiro duku rekuvhiya inonzi tympanoplasty kana myringoplasty.
Kupararira - Kushatirwa chero kupi zvako kweeardrum (kazhinji kacho hutachiona hutachiona), kusanganisira kuiswazve kwekunzwa hura, zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chinonzi tympanosclerosis kana myringosclerosis. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, izvi zvinokonzera kusava nematambudziko nekunzwa.
Utachiona - Utachiona hwemhesi hunogona kuitika mukati memhete kana kuti kutenderera tambo yekunzwa. Zvisinei, zvirwere izvi hazviwanzoitiki, zvinokonzerwa nekurashikirwa nekuteerera, uye zviri nyore kurapa - kazhinji chete nematonhe enzeve. Dzimwe nguva mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ichiri kudiwa.
Mhete dzekutinhira dzinotanga zvakare kare kana kugara kwenguva yakareba - Kana hutu hutende huchibva kubva munzeve nzeve nokukurumidza (izvo zvisingazivikanwi), mvura inogona kudzoka uye kudzokorora kuvhiwa inogona kudiwa. Mhete dzehutsi dzinosara kwenguva yakareba dzinogona kuita kuti kuve nekusvibiswa kana kuti kunoda kubviswa ne otolaryngologist.
> Sources:
> Mazuva ano kutungamirirwa kweacute otitis media. Weber SM - Pediatr Clin North Am - 01-APR-2003; 50 (2): 399-411.
> Nyaya dzakajairika muhutachiona hwehutachiona. Pizzuto MP - Pediatr Clin North Am - 01-AUG-1998; 45 (4): 973-91.
> Tympanostomy tubes: marudzi, zviratidzo, maitiro, uye zvinetso. Morris MS - Otolaryngol Clin North North - 01-JUN-1999; 32 (3): 385-90.
> Paradise JL, Feldman HM, Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA, Colborn DK, Bernard BS, et al. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1179-87.
> Kubudirira kwehupenyu hwehupenyu mushure mekuvhiya kushandiswa kune otitis media. Richards M - Arch Otolaryngol Mutsipa Wokutanga - 01-JUL-2002; 128 (7): 776-82.
> Nzira ye tympanostomy tubes pamusoro pehutano hwehupenyu hwevana. Rosenfeld RM - Bhuku reOtolaryngol Mutsipa Wokutanga - 01-MAY-2000; 126 (5): 585-92.