Mhando dzakasiyana dzeCleft Palates

Chinhu chinonyanyisa chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemaziso chinotarisana nemapurisa epurasitiki . A cleft palate inoratidzirwa nechepakati mudenga remuromo.

1 -

Chinyiko Chinonzi Palate?

Chinhu chinonyanya kuwedzera chinenge chichikura mumucheche apo mapundu maviri emuroti haaunganidzi uye anoputira mukati. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, muromo unonyanya kuwanikwawo uripo. Cleft palate inokonzera matambudziko nekuvandudza mazino, kutaura, kunzwa , kudya, uye kunwa. Mwana anogonawo kutonhora nguva dzose, kusviba mumakanzwa, kurwadziwa kwehuro, uye matambudziko ane tonsils uye adenoids.

A cleft palate yakasiyana nemucheka wakananga . Muromo unonamatira unobata muromo wepamusoro, nepo kuchenesa kunobata padenga remuromo. Haasi vanhu vose vane cleft palate vane muromo, uye havasi vanhu vose vane marate palate vane miromo yakananga. Zvinokwanisika kuti munhu ave nemuromo wekanyoro uye chirwere chinonzi cleft palate.

Muchikamu chino, iwe uchanzwisisa kuti chirwere chinotaridzika chinoratidzika sei. Iwe uchadzidza zvakare pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana dze cleft palates - yakazara kana kusakakwana. Zvose zvinoratidza kuti tsvina iri mumukanwa inosanganisira kureba kwese. Chirwere chisina kukwana chinosanganisa chete chikamu chekupedzisira chemazwi. A cleft palate inogonawo kunge isina kubatanidza kana kuwirirana . Unilateral zvinoreva kuti marati ane chidimbu kune rumwe rutivi. Kubatana kunoreva kuti pane chidimbu pamativi ose maviri echirwere.

2 -

Kazhinji Palate Anatomy

Kunzwisisa kuti maratirwo akafanana anoita seiko kuchakubatsira kuti unzwisise zvakajeka maitiro e cleft palate.

• Mucosa: Mucosa ndiyo miviri yakanyorova, inopenya iyo inotenderera mukati memamwe mativi emuviri. Inogadzirisa mhino, muromo, mapapu, uye matiniti uye magupa ekudya.
• Hard Palate: Dambudziko rakaoma ndiro chikamu chepamusoro pemuromo. Inogadzira chikamu chepamberi chemafuta. Icho chiri pamberi pekanyoro kadiki. Iwe hausi kuona pfupa kana iwe uzarura muromo wako nokuti wakafukidzwa nemucosa. Neimwe rurimi rwako kana munwe wako, unogona kunzwa apo muromo unoshanduka kubva zvakaoma kuti unyorove.

  Huru rakaoma rinoparadzanisa muromo kubva mumhino. Pasina marata akaoma, pane kuwirirana pakati pemapapiro emvura uye muromo wemuromo. Kukurukurirana pakati pevaviri kunoita kuti kutaura, kudya, uye kunwa zviome. Iyo yakaoma marate inochengetedza zvokudya kubva pakukwira mumhino. Iyo yakaoma marate inokosha zvakare pakutaura sezvo inodzivirira mhepo kuti irege kubuda mumhino panzvimbo yemuromo.

• Soft Palate: Chirwere chisina kunyanya chikafu chinenge chikafu chinenge chikafu. Kana iwe uchimhanya rurimi rwako kubva pamberi pedenga remukanwa wako kumashure, unogona kunzwa apo dambudziko rakaoma rinova runyoro. Kana iwe ukashamisa muromo wako ukatora kufema mukati, iwe uchaona nyoro yako yakasimudza. Nyoka inonyorera inofamba ichikwira uye ichidzika nekuda kwechiito chemuviri mumuromo.

  Kana pane chidimbu mumutsipa wemukamwa, haisi kushanda uye kutaura hakusi nyore. Kunyanya, kutaura kwakaoma kunzwisisa nokuti mweya iri kubuda mumhino panzvimbo yemuromo. Uyezve, nokuti ruvara ruduku runokonzera zvokudya kumucheto wehuro apo munhu ari kumedza, kudya kunowedzera kuve varwere vane chinyoro chemafuta.

• Uvula: Mutsva ndiyo chikamu chekanyoro kadiki chinosungirirwa pasi nepakati mumuromo. Mune vamwe vanhu, zvinonyatsotsanangurwa. Vamwe vanogona kuva nediki kana kuti vangave vasina kana zvachose.
• Alveolar Ridge: Guta revavheti rinonziwo "dental arch" kana kuti "gum. Ikoko kune chikamu chepamusoro chealveolar ridge uye nechezasi ye-alveolar ridge.
• Primary Palate: Chirwere chikuru chiri chikamu chemafuta pamberi pezvisinganzwisisiki. Inosanganisira chikamu chepamberi chemafuta akaoma uye chinenge chitatu muchimiro. Iyo inosanganisirawo mazino mana emakona epamberi uye rwizi rwenharaunda.
• Secondary Palate: Chikamu chechipiri chikamu chikamu chebhata rakaoma (chikamu chiri shure kwekudzivirira foramen), kusanganisira posterior alveolar ridge, uye yose yekanyoro uye kuzarura.
• Incisive Foramen: Chimiro chisinganzwisisiki chimiro chinoparadzanisa chikamu chikuru kubva kune chikamu chechipiri. Iko muvheti mu bony palate iyo iyo midzi yeropa nemishu yemahara inopfuura. Iyo inonyatsocheka kumashure maviri maviri epamberi. Mune chirwere chisina chidimbu, chimiro chisingaoneki hachikwanisi kuonekwa secho chifukidzirwa ne mucosa yemarate.

3 -

Kuchengetedzwa kweCleft Palate

Vanachiremba vepurasitiki vanoronga zvipfeko kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwavo kwemazana makuru, marate echipiri, kana maviri. Cleft palate zvinyorwa zvinotungamira chiremba wepurasitiki, chiremba wemazino, otolaryngologist, mutauriri wekutaura, uye dzimwe nhengo dzose dze "Cleft Team" mukugadzira chirongwa chakakodzera chekurapa. Zvisinei, zvinogona kunge zvisiri nyore kufunga nezvechidimbu chemuti kana se "kukwana" kana "kusina kukwana."

4 -

Complete Cleft Palate

Chidimbu che "chizere" chinosanganisira yose yakakura uye yechipiri marate. Inotambanudza kubva paunenge uchizarura nzira yose uchienda mumugwagwa we-alveolar. Icho chinosanganisira zvose marati ekutanga uye chikamu chechipiri.

A cleft full palate inogona kunge isina kubatanidza kana kuwirirana. Kana ruzha rwemafuta ruri pamwe chete, mativi ose maviri anogona kunge akazara, kana rumwe rutivi rungave rwakakwana uye rumwe rutivi rungave rusina kukwana.

5 -

Incomplete Cleft Palate

Chidimbu chisina kukwana chinotanga kumashure kwemafuta nehuvhu uye inoenderera mberi. Zvinogona kana kuti zvisingasviki kune zvisinganzwisisiki. Mumashoko akajeka, zvinongobatanidza chikamu chechipiri sezvo hachirevi nzira yose yekuenderera mberi kunosanganisira ridge yevafudzi. Kureba kwacho kunogona kupfuurira mberi kubva pakusununguka kunosiyana nekuoma kwekuoneka. Zvisinei, chero humwe huwandu hwehutano hwekunwa hunogona kuva nemigumisiro inokuvadza mukutaura kwekutaura. Mhando dzakasiyana dzisina kukwana cleft palates ndezotevera:

• Bifid Unoshambidza: Zvishoma zvisingasviki zvezvipfeko zvisina kukwana pakuonekwa, bifid uvula ndiyo yakawanda inowanikwa muchera. Inotumidzwa zvakare se "cleft uvula." A bifid uvula inoratidzika sekuparadzanisa kana kubvumira muvhu. Inogona kunge isina kunyatsooneka, inoratidzwa chete nechechi duku, kana kuti uvula inogona kuonekwa semasangano maviri akasiyana. A bifid inowedzera mukati uye pachayo haina chinetso. Izvi zvinoitika munenge 2 muzana yevanhu. Zvisinei, kazhinji, bifid uvula inoratidza chidimbu chinonzi submucosal cleft.
• Submucosal Cleft: Chidimbu chinonzi submucosal chikafu chiri pasi pemucosa chinokonzera padenga remuromo - saka izwi rokuti "sub." Nokuti chidimbu chinonzi submucosal chiri pasi pe mucosa, chiratidzo choga chemuviri chekuvapo kwayo chinogona kunge chiri chinonzi bifid uvula . Kunyange zvazvo zvisingaonekwi kubva kumusoro, mishonga yomuromo haisati yakabatanidzwa mukati me midline mu subfucaal cleft. Izvi zvinokonzera kusakwanisa kutamisa muromo kune mamwe mutsindo mutauro. Nokudaro, chidimbu chinonzi submucosal chinowanzotaridzirwa apo mwana ane chimiro chisina kujairika chekukurukurirana uye bifid uvula iripo.
• Soft Palate Cleft: Chidimbu chemafuta anonyoroka chinomhanya kubva kumucheto we-uvula uye chinomira mberi kana pakusangana kwemafuro akaoma uye akaoma. Haisi kungooneka chete mukuratidzika kwahwo pane chidimbu che submucosal, inogadzira matambudziko mamwe ematauri sechirwere che submucosal. Iyo yakaoma (yakasara) yakanyanyisa marapenzi macheka anoonekwa pakuberekwa nekuda kwekudya zvinetso. Mucherechedzo wehutano hunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kumucheche kuti aite chisimbiso chakasimba pamuromo weiyo. Somugumisiro, mwana wacho angasakwanise kuyamwa. Chidimbu chinenge chisina kuvhara kana chepfupi chinogona kunge chisingaratidzi zviratidzo pakuberekwa kana kuti chinogona kuzviratidza sekunaya kwemafuta kana zvinodyiwa.
• Soft and Hard Palate Cleft: Chidimbu chinosanganisira mazamu akaoma uye akanyorova achange akabatanidza yose yakanyanyisa marate uye chero chikamu chemafuta akaoma kusvika kune zvisinganzwisisiki. Chimiro chakaipisisa chinosanganisira iyo yose yechipiri palate, inoonekwa sechinhu chiri mumuromo kubva pamucheto wekutsvaira kusvika kune zvisinganzwisisiki. Iyi ndiyo yakanyanya kudarika yemapfudze asina kukwana. Kufanana nemakwenzi akavharidzirwa ari oga, iyo yakabatana yakaoma uye yakaoma yakanyanyisa marate inowanzoonekwa pakuberekwa nekuda kwekudya zvinetso. Kutaura kwekutaura kuchave kusina kunaka.

_Sources:

_{Boutros SG, Kucheka C. Cleft Palate. Mu: McCarthy JG, RD Galiano, Boutros SG, eds. Current Therapy in Plastic Surgery, 1st Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc, 2006.}

_{Gosman, AA. Cleft Palate. Mu: Janis E, ed. Zvinyorwa zvePlastiki Surgery. St. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2007.}

_{RA, Hopping C, Grayson B. Cleft Lip uye Palate. Mune: Thorne CH, Beasely RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear S, eds. Grabb na Smith's Plastic Surgery, 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 2007.}