Chii Chinonzi Biological Vector?
Mu biology, vector chimwe chinhu chinopa pathogen kana zvimwe zvinhu zvakasikwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda pane imwe. Iyo vector haina kukonzera chirwere kana mamiriro acho zvakananga. Iyo inongoitakura chete. Mune fisikiti, vector ndiyo mutsara pamwe nekukwirira uye kutungamirirwa. Muviri physics uye biology, tsanangudzo yevector inoreva kufamba.
Apo zvirwere zvepachimiro zvinotaura pamusoro pezvipembenene, zvinowanzokurukura nezvehupenyu hunogona kutakura utachiona kana hutachiona hwehutachiwana pakati pevanhu. Semuenzaniso, utsi ihwohwo hutachiona hwemarariya. Inotakura chirwere chemarariya kubva kumunhu kusvika kumunhu. Utsi hunovewo hutachiona hweZika chirwere . Zika chirwere chinokonzera chinogona kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba panguva yekuzvitakura. Kunyanya, zvinogona kukuvadza mwana asati aberekwa. Zika inogonawo kupararira pabonde.
Zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zveumhutu zvinogona kuva vecherechedzo yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Mamwe marudzi earthropods anokwanisawo kuva vector kune zvirwere. Izvi zvinosanganisira nhunzi dzenzanga, mbanje, fleas, uye makateti.
Waizviziva: Kune marudzi anopfuura 3500 emumunyo, kubva 41 genera. Zvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvipembenene zvemarudzi akasiyana ehutachiona. Hasi misi yose inowanzova nengozi! Zvisinei, mhando dzakawanda dziri mukati memhando imwechete dzinogona kutumira zvirwere zvakafanana. Icho hachisi chechokwadi nguva dzose. Zvimwe zvirwere zvinoda zvakanyanya mavector kupfuura vamwe.
Apo masayendisiti biologist anotaura pamusoro pezvipembenene, zvinoreva chimwe chinhu chakasiyana. Vanowanzokurukura maitiro ekuwana chikamu cheDNA apo vanochida kuti chiende. Somuenzaniso, vangave vachishandisa utachiona hwemapurisa sevector kuti vaite geni revanorikisi mumusero wekupera. Mhando iyo yevector inoshandiswa kugadzira michero inogona kugadzira zvirwere.
Uyewo Anozivikanwa Sezvo: Vecheni zvinowanzofungidzirwa nevatakuri. Zvisinei, izvi zviviri hazvirevi zvakafanana. Mutakuri anewo tsanangudzo dzinoverengeka. Nekuremekedza zvirwere, mutakuri ndiye mumwe munhu ane chirwere asi hapana zviratidzo. Munhu anotakura anogonawo kunge ari munhu ane ruzivo rwemazwi asi hapana zviratidzo.
Ndezvipi Zvimwe Mienzaniso Yezvinyorwa Zvezvakaberekwa?
- Kuparara kwepabonde kweZika chirwere kunogona kudzivirirwa nekondomu kana zvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Zvisinei, kudzivirira kutapurirwa kweZika nemumhutu kunoda kudzora utsi sevector. Nyika dzakawanda dziri kutsvaga hutachiona hwekudzivirira hutano kuedza kuderedza dambudziko rekutapurirana kweZika. Kuita izvi kunogona kuva nzira inobatsira yekuderedza kuora kwenguva refu kwehutano hwakabatana neZika hutachiona. Izvo zvepfungwa uye zvemari mari yevakadzi vane pamuviri vanotapukirwa nehutachiona inogona kunge yakakwirira kwazvo.
- Nyoka yekondo iyo ndiyo chirwere chechirwere cheLyme. Kutsvakurudza pamusoro pokudzivirira Lyme kunowanzotarisa nzira dzekudzivirira nharaunda yevanga. Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa sezviri nyore pane dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira - dzakadai sokupemha. Kuderedza dambudziko rekudzivirirwa kune vector kunoderedzawo ngozi yekutarisana nechirwere chacho. Kusiyana neizvi, zvirwere zvinobudirira zveLyme zvichiri mukugadzirwa.
- Mukati megore ra2011, Nature yakabudisa tsvakurudzo inotsanangura mutsva mutsva wechirwere cheSIV (monkey HIV). Iyo chirwere inoshandiswa CMV sevector kuitira kuti zvirwere zvekudzivirirwa kwenguva refu zvinopesana neSIV. A gene kubva kumuviri weSIV yakaiswa mu CMV. Zvadaro, chirwere che CMV chakaita protein yeSIV. Masayendisiti akabva atapukisa mbongoro nehutachiona hweMACV, uye vakashandisa sechirwere.
Chii chakabatanidzwa Vector Management?
IWorld Health Organization inokonzera zvirwere nekudzivirira pasi rose. Chikamu chebasa ravo ndekutevera, nekugadzirisa, zvirwere zvinotakura zvirwere. Imwe nzira iyo yavanoita nayo iri kuburikidza nekurumbidza runyoro rwemaitiro anozivikanwa sehuwandu hwevector management kana IVM.
Chinangwa cheVM ndechekuona nzira yakanakisisa uye inoshandisika yekugadzirisa zvirwere zvinotakura zvirwere.
IVM inzira inobatsira munharaunda kuti ione zviyero zvinogona kushandiswa zvakanakisisa kuderedza chirwere chinonzi vector pane imwe nzvimbo. Kazhinji, kusanganiswa kwesarudzo kunosarudzwa. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira chero chinhu kubva pakuparadzirwa kwemambure eumhutu kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya kushandura mune zvoutsvina.
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