Dzidza nezveMagariro Sezvakaita Mand, Reinforcer, uye Echo
BHA (Applied Behavior Analysis) iine, chero ipi zvayo, inonyanyozivikanwa uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya autism therapy. ABA inogona kushandiswa kudzidzisa mafambiro akakodzera kana unyanzvi, uye inowanzopiwa kuvana vevistine kuburikidza nekusabhadhara mari yepurogiramu yekutanga uye yechikoro.
Abhura Anoshanda Sei?
ABA yakavakwa pamusana pemararamiro evanhu. Kuita maitiro kunofunga kuti zvose zvipenyu nevanhu vanodzidza kuzvibata nenzira yakakodzera nokuti vari kutarisana nemigumisiro kana migumisiro.
Pamusoro pemaitiro akareruka, imbwa dzinoita matanho nokuti dziri kutarisira kubata, uye dzinodzivisa kusvitsa pane reash nokuti haifariri manzwiro emiravha inovatsva. Pane imwe nzira yakaoma zvikuru, vashandi vanoshanda zvakaoma apo vanotarisira bhonasi nokuda kwekuwedzera kwavo, uye vanodzivisa kuba kune avo vanoshandira nokuti havadi pfungwa yekuenda kujeri.
Abha chirwere chinoshandisa dzidziso yekuita kuti dzidzise vanhu vane autism nzira yekupindura zvakakodzera, kukumbira, uye kuzvibata seanowanzoita. Mumakore ose aya, ABA vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti migumisiro yekusateerera kwekuteerera haisi kungovhiringidza zvisiri pamutemo, asiwo haifaniri kukosha. Nokudaro, muhuwandu hwemamiriro ezvinhu, ABA vanachiremba havashandisi migumisiro kana chirango; panzvimbo iyo, kana mwana asingakwanisi kuita, iye haagamuchiri mubairo.
Nzira inonyanya kukosha yeAAA therapy inonyatsonaka:
- Iwe unotanga nokugadza, kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kana kuedza, ndeupi mubayiro unofadza zvikuru kumwana. Nepo vamwe vana vanoita zvakanakisisa kumwemwerera uye kurumbidzwa, vamwe vanowanzotarisana nekubata sezvinodiwa zvokudya zvinodyiwa kana mukana wekuita chimwe chinhu chavanofarira.
- Zvadaro, unobvunza mwana kuti aite zvaanoda. Izvozvo zvinogona kuva chinhu chisinganzwisisiki se "kutora chipuni", "kudzokorora shoko iri", "tumidza zita iri," kana kuti rakaoma se "une fungiro yakakodzera newaunodzidza naye."
- Kana mwana wacho achiita sezvaanoda, iye anowana mubairo. Kana zvisina kudaro, hapana mubayiro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chikumbiro chacho chinodzokororwa kusvikira mwana aperera.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chimiro chakareruka chaAABA chakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, chinonzi "maitiro e-discrete," haisi kureva iyo chete inowanikwa yeAABA. Zvechokwadi, kune mazano akawanda emhando itsva yeAAA nemazita akaita se "zvakakosha kupindura" uye "zvakasikwa zvekudzidzisa" izvo zvisinganyanyi kutongororwa. Zvose maitiro eAA, zvisinei, akavakirwa mukuzvibata uye kushandisa mibayiro yekusimbisa maitiro akanaka.
Ndeapi Mitemo Inoshandiswa NaAbA Therapists Kuti Tsanangura Kurapa?
Abha pachako haisi yakaoma zvikuru. Asi sezvinowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvezvesayenzi, maitiro ekuzvibata anoshandisa mazwi chaiwo (jargon) kutsanangura zvavari kuita. Pano pane zvishoma zvemashoko aunogona kunzwa kubva kuAAA mwana wechiremba wemwana wako:
- Kubata kana mubairo wakapiwa basa rakaitwa zvakanaka rinonzi reinforcer .
- Chikumbiro chemuitiro unodiwa chinonzi manditi .
- Anotevedzera rwiyo kana shoko (muroti anoti "taura kiba" uye mwana anotaura kuti "kapu") anonzi echo .
- Izwi remashoko (munyori anoti "ichi chii?" Uye mwana anopindura "spoon") inonzi unyanzvi .
- Mhinduro yakarurama yekukurukurirana (muroti anoti "unodei?" Uye mwana anopindura "cookie") inonzi intraverbal .
Zvakasiyana Zvakadini ABA Kubva Kuberekera Kwemhuri Kana Kuti Kudzidzisa?
Saka ndechipi musiyano pakati pemagwaro uye chikumbiro, kana kutsigira uye mubayiro? Somuenzaniso, kana iwe uchiti "Janey, kana iwe ukataura spoon ini ndichakupa cookie," iwe uri kuita chaizvoizvo chinhu chakafanana neAAA chiremba aizoita here?
Mutsauko, maererano naAmanda Reed, BAppSc, MA, haina kunyanya kuduku. "Chirevo ndechekukumbira, asi izvi zvose zvinouya uye mushure mokunge chikumbirocho isati yasvika.
Somuenzaniso, mushonga, achiziva kuti mwana anonyanya kufarira Oreo mahojiki, angatora Oreo mumaoko ake agozviratidza kune mutengi.
Uku ndiko kubviswa kana kuvhara . Kana muchengeti achinyatsoshandisa mutemo kuburikidza nekukumbira cookie achishandisa mazwi, makadhi emifananidzo, zviratidzo, nezvimwewo, mushonga anopindura nokupa pamusoro pekiki. Kana muchengeti achangobata, mutapi anorega cookie uye anorayira muchengeti kushandisa mushonga wakakodzera.
> Sources:
> Hagopian, Louis et al. Applied behavior analysis. Kennedy Krieger. Webhu. 2017.
> Kubvunzurudza naAmanda Reed, BAppSc, MA, Mutevedzeri weDamato yePiramid Group Management Services Corporation. Svondo, 2010.
> Slocum, Timothy A. et al. Icho chikonzero-chechimiro chekushandisa maitiro ekuongorora. " The Behavior Analyst 37.1 (2014): 41-56. PMC . Webhu. 24 Aug. 2017.