Marariya, inozivikanwawo sePlasmodium infection, chirwere chinotapukira-chinoreva kuti chinopinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekurumwa kwemumonyo. Utsi hunotapukirwa nehutachiona huchiendesa kune munhu wacho.
Kunyange zvazvo chirwere cheplasmodium chinokonzerwa nehutachiona, zvakatipoteredza uye mararamiro anoita zvinhu zvinowedzera kuita basa. Ongorora zvinowanzoitika uye zvisingagoni kuderedza zvikonzero-zvingakubatsira kuti usatengesa malaria.
Parasitic Transmission
Kune marudzi mana ePlasmodium parasite iyo inobatsira kuve nemarariya zvirwere. Vari:
- P. falciparum: Mhando dzakasanganiswa nemhando yakaoma yehutachiona, uye ndiyo inowanzokonzera zvirwere.
- P. vivax : Pakati pezvinowanikwa.
- P. malariae : Inokonzera chimiro chakaipa chechirwere chacho.
- P. ovale : Hazviwanzoitiki.
Utachiona hunogona kupinda mumuviri wako kuburikidza nekurumwa kwemhou inonzi Anopheles , iyo inoshanda sevector (carrier). Iyi mhutu inogona kupona mumamiriro okunze anopisa, uye inongova mumamiriro ezvinhu aya ayo chirwere chinoparadzirwa. Utsi huno hutachiona hunokonzera munhu ane utachiona.
Maitiro ePasasite Anokonzera Matwere
Mhando dzose dzemarariya zvinokonzera kukanganisa kwezviitiko zvichiitika mumuviri wose, izvo zvinoita zviratidzo zvehutachiona.
Mushure mokunge utachiona hutachiona hwemarariya hunokanda munhu, chirwere chinoputika chechirwere, sporozoite, chinopinda muchiropa chomunhu, painobereka uye chinopinda nhanho mutsva muhupenyu hwaro, merozoite.
Merozoite, iyo inobudiswa muchiropa, kupinda masero matsvuku eropa. Mhando yaMerozoite inodzokorora mukati memasero matsvuku eropa, zvichiita kuti ipararire, kusunungura makemikari anounza zvizhinji zvemigumisiro yemarariya, zvakadai semafuta, chills, uye aches. Merozoite iyo inosunungurwa apo masero matsvuku eropa anoputika anogona kufamba mumuviri wose, kupinda mune mamwe masero matsvuku eropa.
Dzimwe nguva, zvakanyanya kuipa zvinowanzoitika uye zvipembenene kana majekesiti matsvuku eropa ane utachiona hunogona kukuvadza nhengo dzomuviri dzakadai seuropi, mwoyo, mapapu, kana itsvo.
Zvishoma Zvishoma Zvinokonzera
Kune mamiriyoni mamiriro ezvinhu anosangana nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwekuparara kwemarariya.
Immune System Deficiency
Iwe unogona kutapukirwa nemarariya kunyange kana iwe uine zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira zvemuviri, asi vanhu vane zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira muzvirwere, kusanganisira HIV, vanowanzova nemigumisiro yakaipa yehutachiona.
Kuberekwa
Vakadzi vane pamuviri vari mungozi yakawanda yehutachiona hwemarariya. Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidzirwa zveizvi, kusanganisira kuderedza zvirwere zvemuviri-izvo zvinogona kugadzirisa hutachiwana hwekare-kana kuderedza zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira-izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune vakadzi vane pamuviri vanotanga kukura chirwere.
Vana Vangangoberekwa-Kutumirwa Kubva Kuna Amai vavo
Vamwe vana vanogona kuberekwa nehutachiona hwemarariya, kuwana zvirwere kubva kumamai, uye kwete kubva kumusana wemasikisi.
Kuwedzerwa Ropa
Pakave nemishumo yehutachiona hwemarariya yakapararira kubva kune mumwe munhu kune imwe kuburikidza nokuwedzerwa ropa . Mune zviitiko izvi, munhu anopa ropa uyo akawana chirwere, kazhinji kubva pamusana wemasikito, kazhinji haasati aita zviratidzo zvehutano.
Kuwedzerwa kwemasero eropa, ayo ane utachiona hwehupenyu hwemhuka, zvinogona kubvumira chirwere chepachirwere kuti chibudirire mukati memuviri weanogamuchira ropa.
Lifestyle Factors
Malaria chirwere chinowanzopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenharaunda nemhepo inotonhorera uye kune zvakawanda zvechiri mvura, umo muteyo unotakura mishonga inogona kupona. Maitiro eupenyu anokwanisa kuita basa kana iwe uchida kutapukirwa nechirwere cheshuga.
Kurarama Munharaunda Uye Nhamba Yakanyanya yeMalaria
Kurarama munharaunda inozivikanwa nezvemalaria kunowedzera hutachiwana hwekutapukirwa.
Kunyange zvazvo zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti vamwe vanhu vanogara munharaunda dzine huwandu hwemarariya vanogona kuva maune masimba, vazhinji vangave vane utano hwakanaka nevanhu vane masimba ezvirwere zvakakomba vane zvinetso zvakakomba uye vanogona kufa kubva kuhutachiona.
Kushanyira Nharaunda NeHurumende yeMalaria
Vatashanyi vanoshanyira zvikamu zvine mararamiro akawandisa emarariya vanogona kutapukirwa, kunyanya nokuti vafambi vasina kumbove vaine chirwere ichi vasati vashandura chirwere ichi.
Environmental Factors
Zvimwe zvinhu zvinowedzera kufanana nemarariya, kusanganisira kusava nemavatya ekudzivirira, nzvimbo dzinorara dzekurara, kusakosha kwezvipembenene zvinodzivirira, uye kusakonzerwa nekupemerwa. Kunyanya paunofamba, ita zvose zvaunogona kuti utore matanho akakodzera.
> Sources:
> Alho RM, Machado KV, Val FF, et al. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotapurirana mumararamiro ekudzimara kwemarariya: muongororwo wemarariya muAsia, Malar J. 2017 Feb 15; 16 (1): 78. doi: 10.1186 / s12936-017-1726-y.
> Mbale EW, Moxon CA, Mukaka M, et al. Kuvhara kwe HIV kunokonzera kupesana kwekupindura asi kwete mhedziso yehutachiona hwemarariya muMalawi vana, J Infect. 2016 Sep; 73 (3): 189-99. doi: 10.1016 / j.jinf.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 Jun 14.