Dhokwekisi inokonzerwa nehuwandu hweviroro uye inozivikanwa chete inoparadzirwa pakati pevanhu. Utachiona huri kurarama hunochengeterwa zvinotsvakurudza mune mabhuku maviri chete munyika: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) muUnited States uye VECTOR Institute muRussia.
Chirwere chacho chakaziviswa kuparadzwa muna 1980 zvichienderana nehurongwa hwepasi rose hwekudzivirira uye kuparadzaniswa.
Mhedziso yekupedzisira inozivikanwa yakangoerekana yakabva pakuvhurwa kweSomalia muna 1977. Chibhokisi chinoramba chiripo kupedza zuva.
Kubva muna 1980, zvirongwa zvepurogiramu zvinopesana nehoveksi zvakaguma pasi rose, zvichisiya chikamu chakakura chevanhu vasina hutachiwana hwehutachiona hunokonzera chibhokisi.
Variola Virus
Variola inobva kune boka rezvirwere pamwe chete zvinonzi orthopoxvirus Rinosanganisira monkeypox, cowpox, vaccinia, camelpox, nezvimwe zvinogadzirwa.
Kunyange zvazvo chibhokisi chinofungidzirwa kuti chinopedzeswa zvachose mumasikirwo, imwe orthopoxvirus inogona kutungamirira kuitika. Mavirusi anokonzerwa nemhando dzisina munhu asi anogona kuuraya vanhu anozivikanwa sa zoonotic. Yese ye orthopoxviruses inokwanisa kukanganisa vanhu asi haisi ngozi sehokwepuru uye haigoni kubudiswa kubva kuvanhu kusvika kuvanhu.
Bioterrorism
Chinonyanya kunetseka pamusoro pehutachiona hwe variola ndiyo inogona kushandiswa kwayo sechirongwa chezvisikwa.
Kunyange zvazvo chibhokisi chisina kumboitika mumashure emakumi emakore, vatungamiri vehutano vanofanira kuchengetedza hurongwa hwekuita mune zvakaitika apo vanhu vanoonekwa nehutachiona.
ICDC inofunga nezvechimwe chechokwadi chechibhokisi chinonzi chirwere chekukurumidzira nekuda kwekushayikwa kwezvirwere muhuwandu hwevanhu.
Mamiriyoni ehutachiona hwechirwere chechibhokisi inosungirwa muUnited States kana chiitiko chikaitika.
Vokutanga vapindura, varwi, uye vashandi vezvehutano vacharangwa vachipemha nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti vaite sechipingamupinyi pakuparadzira utachiona kunze kwehutano hwehutano. ICDC inokwana zvakakwana zvechirwere chechibhokisi kuti inoculate munhu wose muUnited States.
Inogona Kudzokazve
Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko chinowanzoitika chechibhokisi variola virusi hachisi mhuka chero ipi zvayo inonyatsozivikanwa, ichimirira kuuraya munhu, masayendisiti akawana mienzaniso yakaipa kwazvo ye variola muzvidzidzo zvekare zvevanhu.
Chimwe chinonetsa ndechokuti maitiro ezvinyorwa zvishoma zvevirwere yevaolaola angangodaro yakanyongedzwa mukati mehutachiona, iyo iri kuwedzera kumazinga akakwirira gore roga roga.
Transmission
Imwe yepukenza, pertussis, uye mashese zvose zvinowanzopindira kupfuura hohovha. Chibhokisi chinoparadzirwa kuburikidza nehukama hwepedyo kwenguva refu. Hondo ye variola inobhururuka uye inowanzoendeswa kuburikidza nehutano hwekupema.
Ndiani Anotapukira?
Varwere vanotapukira nokukurumidza pavanenge vachiratidza zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvechibhokisi uye vanoramba vachipindira kusvikira kuputika nemaronda zvagadziriswa zvachose. Iyo pustules ichaputika uye ichawa, ichisiya tsvuku.
Kana imwe nguva yakaoma zvachose, inotora anenge masvondo mana, ipapo murwere haachiri kutaridzika kutapukira.
Airborne uye Contact Contact
Kazhinji, murwere ane utachiona uye munhu ane chirwere chinogara mumusha mumwe chete. Iko kufungidzira kwaiva kuti chibhokisi chaiwanzoparidzirwa kuburikidza nemadonhwe makuru emhepo apo murwere akazununguka kana kudonhedzwa. Zvisinei, pane zvisingambozivikanwi zviitiko zvekushamwaridzana kwekutengesa kushandiswa uye kutapurika kunoita sepakati pepasi pechipatara, izvo zvingaratidza zviduku zviduku zvevhu.
Kubvira pakushambadzirwa kwechigamba chechibhokisi hazvina kuitika kubva muna 1977, vatsvakurudzi havasivo vane chokwadi chekuti chirwere ichi chinotumirwa nemhepo pamvura huru kana maduku.
Maitiro ezuva ranhasi emhepo muzvipatara haavipo apo chibhokisi chakanga chiri kurapwa muUnited States. Kana hutachiona hutakurwa nemadonhwe makuru, maitiro matsva emhepo haafaniri kuita misiyano. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana hutachiona hutakurwa nemahombekombe akadzika mukati mechirwere chekupema, maitiro emhepo akadzokorora angaita dambudziko rinofanira kukundwa.
Mushonga we variola unogarawo mumvura inobva mumaronda akazaruka anowanikwa mune zvirwere zvechirwere. Iyo inosvibisa inogona kusvibisa mabhedha uye zvipfeko, zvichiita kuti itapukane. Vashandi vehutano vanofanira kushandisa mazano ekutarisira varwere vane chibhokisi.
Vaccination
Izwi rokuti "chirwere" rakagadzirwa nekuda kwechirwere chechibhokisi, chinobva muvhapitivha uye yakabatana nehosha ye cowpox. "Vacca" zvinoreva mhou muchiLatini.
Variola virusi, iyo inokonzera chibhokisi, chirwere chinonyengera chinopedza nguva yaro yekudzivirira ichichera kumativi evanhu vayo uye kugadzirisa pasina kukonzera mhinduro dzomuviri. Nenguva iyo chirwere che variola chiri kukura kuva chibhokisi uye ichiita kuti musha wayo arware, utachiona hwapararira mumuviri wose. Zvirwere zvemuviri hazvina nguva yekuita.
Vaccinia, kune rumwe rutivi, anogara munharaunda mumunhu uye haapinduri zvakadai se variola. Izvo hazvikonzeri zvakawanda, kana zvipi, zvirwere. Iyo inotanga kupindura kwekudzivirira muviri, izvo muviri unogona kushandisa kurwisa kana utachiona.
Kuwana vaccinini mukati memazuva matatu ekutanga kwekusimbiswa kwechibhokisi kunopa nguva yezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kuti dzirwisana neviron virus. Kunyangwe kana kuwana vachakonzerwa mushure mekutsvaga hakugadziri murwere kubva kurwara, kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuoma kwechibhokisi.
Kunyoresa Njodzi Dambudziko
Hazvina munhu akaberekerwa muUnited States mushure mekunge 1971 akawana chirwere, icho chinosiya iyo yevanhu inokonzerwa nehutachiona kana variola virus inodzokorora zvakare. Vaya vakaporwa pamberi pe191 vangave nehutachiona hwekusimba kwechibhokisi, asi vatsvakurudzi havanzwisisi kuti zviyero zvinopedza nguva yakareba sei.
Nhamba yevanhu kubva muhomwe yakasarudzwa kuparadzwa muna 1980 yakakura zvishoma nezvishoma, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti nokukurumidza chirwere che variola chichapararira sei mazuva ano. Nhoroondo yakanakisisa, yakaunganidzwa muma1960 nema1970, yakanga yakavakirwa nehuwandu hwevanhu hwakanga hwave huri hutemwa semamiriro echokwadi uye hwakanga husina zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere sezvakaita HIV mune vakawanda vevanhu.
> Sources:
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> Thits, C., Biagini, P., & Crubézy, E. (2014). Kudzorerwa kwechibhokisi. Clinical Microbiology And Infection , 20 (3), 210-218. doi: 10.1111 / 1469-0691.12536
> McCollum, A., Li, Y., Wilkins, K., Karem, K., Davidson, W., & Paddock, C. et al. (2014). Poxvirus Viability uye Zviratidzo muNhoroondo dzeChechi. Emerging Infectious Diseases , 20 (2), 177-184. doi: 10.3201 / eid2002.131098
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