Anaphylaxis ndiyo inopisa upenyu hwehutachiona hunogona kutyisa nekuonekwa kune zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (allergen). Mishonga inowanikwa yakawanda inogona kubudisa anaphylaxis ndeyezviyo zvinodhaka, zvipembenene zvinokonzera, zvokudya, uye latex.
Maitiro echirwere cheMusununguko Anokonzera Anaphylaxis
Zvirwere zvemuviri wako zvinokuchengetedza iwe zvinhu zvekunze. Histamine uye mumwe murevereri makemikari anokurudzira kupisa kwemafuro anochengetwa mumasero mashoma nemasophils ari mumatumbu mumuviri wako wose.
Mushure mokunge muchiona zvinhu zvekunze, muviri wako wemuviri weropa (lymphocytes) unotanga kubudisa zvirwere zvinogona kuziva izvo zvinhu munguva inotevera apo vari mumuviri. Pazvichaitika mune ramangwana, ma antibodies anonamatira kune zvinhu uyewo kune zvakagadziriswa pamatomu masero uye basophils. Izvi zvinokonzera kusunungurwa kwemakemikari emurevereri anokurudzira kugopisa kuita.
Histamine uye vamwe vamiririri vanoita kuti mishonga yeropa iwedzere uye zvimwe zvinonaya zvinopinda mumatumbu, zvichiita kuti kuve nokudzika. Mu anaphylaxis, makemikari anosunungurwa mumuviri wose uye anokanganisa zvirongwa zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Kuderera kweropa, mikoko, nekufema kunonetsa kunoonekwa.
An anaphylactic reaction hazviwanzoitika panguva yokutanga iwe unotarirwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Nguva inotevera paunenge uchinge wapfuurirwa kune yega yega inogona kunge yakagadzirisa. Anaphylaxis haigoni asi inogona kuitika chero nguva mushure mekunge iwe uchikurudzirwa.
Dzimwe nguva idzi makemikari zvinotungamirirwa zvakananga kusunungurwa, pasina kutarisana mberi kana kukura kwezvirwere. Izvi zvinonzi "vanaphylactoid" uye zvinowanzowanikwa mukugadzirisa ku IV kusiyana kwepakati, opioid, maitiro, uye kutonhora kwakanyanya.
Zvinowanzokonzera
Anaphylaxis inogona kuitika mukupindura kunenge chero chero ipi zvayo.
Zvisinei, zvinowanzofema kuporesa zvakadai semafuta efivha uye mhuka dzomusango hazviwanzokonzera vanaphylaxis. Chikamu chikuru chezviitiko zvevanaphylaxis hazvikwanisi kubatanidzwa kune imwe nzvimbo yega uye inonzi idiopathic.
Zvokudya Zvirwere
Zvokudya zvekudya ndizvo zvinowanzokonzera vana anaphylaxis muvana, uye pakati pezvinokonzera vanhu vakuru. Zvokudya zvinowanzotarisirwa zvipembenene, marimu emiti (walnuts, hazelnuts, pecans), hove, shellfish, mazai ehuku, uye mukaka wemukaka. Inogona kuonekwawo negorosi, soy, mbeu yeesame, uye kiwi michero, uye lupine upfu.
Insect Venom Mazino
Nyeredzi uye nyuchi dzinokonzera kukanganisa kwevana inoplactic muvana uye ndiyo inowanzokonzera vanhu vakuru. Izvi zvipembenene zvinosanganisira jekete dzemajeri, mazinga euchi, mapepa, mapuroti. Moto nyerere dzinogonawo kuita kuti zviitike.
Mishonga Inorwara
Kurwara kwemishonga kunowanzokonzera vanaphylaxis mumazera ose. Mishonga yakawanda inobereka anaphylaxis ipenicillin, aspirin, uye kwete-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs yakadai sa Advil (ibuprofen) uye Aleve (naproxen).
Kuchinja kweAnaphylactoid kunogona kuitika mushure mekutengesa kwemishonga yakapiwa panguva yakawanda anesthesia, iodine-ine IV mavara akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa mune zvidzidzo zvekufungidzira, maopioid, uye masimba anonzi monoclonal.
Pasina mishonga inowanzozivikanwa-induced anaphylaxis inoonekwa ne:
- Insulin, kunyanya kubva kune vanhu vasiri vanhu kana kana isisashandiswi munguva pfupi kana nguva dzose.
- Sulfa drugs
- Zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa kugadzirisa zvirwere
- Zvinodhaka zvinoshandiswa paganda, kusanganisira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya
- Local anesthetics, yakadai yakashandiswa mune meno maitiro
Latex Allergies
Latex ibhizimusi yemhando yezvigadzirwa zvinowanika mune zvakawanda zvakashandiswa mukurapa kwehutano pamwe chete nemiti yakawanda yevatengi. Kudiwa kwe latex kwakasimudza muma1980 sekushandiswa kwemagetsi kwaidiwa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvehutano. Ikosi yakashandiswa yaiva yakakwirira muprotini inokonzera latex zvirwere. Magirafu ikozvino anogadzirwa akaderera muprotheni.
Zvisinei, vanhu vakagamuchirwa uye vane hombe yakanyanya kunonoka kunogona kuchinjwa kunyange kuva mune imwe imba ine latex magasi kana mabhaloni.
Kudzidzira-Kunobatsira Anaphylaxis
Kuita-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) chikonzero chisingawanzoitiki chevanaphylaxis chinowanzoitika nekuda kwekuita basa. Basa rinokurudzira rinogona kuva chero ripi zvaro, kusanganisira kutamba, tennis, kushambira, kufamba, kana kunyange mabasa akakomba akadai sefoshu yechando. Zviratidzo zvinogona kutanga nekuneta, kudziya, kuchenesa, uye kubwinya, kazhinji mukati memaminitsi mashomanana okutanga maitiro.
Chikonzero cheEIA hachizivikanwi. Zvisinei, vanhu vazhinji vane chimwe chinhu chinokonzera kuti, pamwe nekurovedza muviri, kunokonzera zviratidzo. Izvo zvinokonzera zvinosanganisira mishonga, zvokudya, doro, mamiriro okunze (kupisa, kutonhora, kana kunaya) nekuenda kumwedzi. Kazhinji, kurovedza muviri kana kukanganisa chete hakuzokonzeri zviratidzo. Asi kana munhu wacho akatarisana nechinotyisa uye kurovedza muviri, ipapo zviratidzo zveEIA zvinogona kuitika.
Mishonga yakataurwa kuti inokonzera EIA inosanganisira aspirin, ibuprofen nedzimwe dzisina-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) . Zvokudya zvakawanda (kana zvichidyiwa maawa makumi maviri asati aita) zvakabatanidzwa neEIA, kusanganisira zviyo zvezviyo, maruva, marimu, michero, miriwo, mukaka, uye doro. Vamwe vanhu vane EIA vanozvibatanidza nekudya, asi hapana zvokudya zvakananga zvinokonzera zviratidzo.
Oral Mite Anaphylaxis (Pancake Syndrome)
Vanhu vanokonzera guruva zvipembenene vakawana vanaphylaxis sekuda kudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa neguruva mite particles. Ichi chinonzi syndrome chakapiwa zita rokuti oral mite anaphylaxis (OMA), kana kuti pancake syndrome. Dust zvipembenene ndizvo zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere zvinodhaka. Iyo inowanzowanikwa mumabhedha ekuvata, machira, uye midziyo yepamusoro, asi inogonawo kusvibisa zvokudya zvakagadzirwa neupfu hwegorosi nezvimwe zviyo zvezviyo. Zviratidzo zveOMA zvinowanzoitika mukati memaminitsi mashomanana kusvika maawa mashure mushure mekudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa neguruva.
OMA inowanzotaurwa kune vaduku vane zvimwe zvinokonzera zvirwere, kunyange zvazvo zvingaitika kune vanhu vezera rose. Hazvisi pachena kuti sei vamwe vanhu vasina hurumende iyi, vachipiwa kuti guruva rinowanzoita sei uye nguva yakawanda furapi inogona kunge yakasvibiswa nemasite. Mune vanhu vanonzi vakawana pancake syndrome, inenge hafu (44 muzana) yakanga ine nhoroondo yezvisingabvumirwi ne-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Fold-Induced Urticaria / Anaphylaxis
Kazhinji, kutonhora kunotonhora kunogona kubudisa anaphylaxis. Vanhu vangave vakangwarira vangangodaro vave vaine huti-inokonzera urticaria (mikoko) inobudiswa muhusiku.
Delayed Allergy to Red Meat
Chimwe chinonyanya kuwanikwa chevanaphylaxis chinogona kuitika kune vanhu vakarwa neikiti yakangobva kudyisa ropa kubva papurazi. Vanhu ava vanokurudzirwa kuAl-gal uye vanogona kutanga vanaphylaxis kana vachidya nyama tsvuku.
Risk Factors
Vanhu vane zvipembenene kune zvinowanzokonzera vanaphylaxis vari pangozi. Iwe ungangodaro wakanga uine maitiro mukati mekare, zvakadai sekumhanya. Iwe unogona kukura anaphylaxis munguva yemberi. Kana iwe waimbova neanaphylactic reaction iwe uri pangozi huru yekuvazve zvakare. Zvichaitika munguva yemberi zvingave zvakanyanya kuoma.
Vanhu vane kunyange nyoro dzakanyanyisa vari pangozi yekuvhiringidza kwakanyanya, kusanganisira anaphylaxis. Kana uri weergergic kune zvekudya, mishonga, kana zvipembenene, unofanira kutora matanho ekuwedzera kana iwe une asthma. Izvi ndizvo zvakafanana kune vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaperi zvepapupa sezvo zviratidzo zvekuporesa zvichava zvakaoma kwavari panguva yevanaphylaxis. Kana uine chirwere chinokonzerwa nechirwere chepifu kana chirwere chemwoyo iwe uri panjodzi yekufa nekuda kwevanaphylaxis.
Vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa vane kutora beta-blockers kana alpha-adrenergic blockers vari pangozi yakawanda kana vakakurira anaphylaxis nokuti iyo mishonga inoderedza migumisiro ye epinephrine, iyo inopiwa kumira anaphylactic reaction.
Anaphylaxis kurapwa ne epinephrine inowedzera ngozi kune vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi mashanu sezvo inogona kuunza zvinetso zvemwoyo kusanganisira atrial fibrillation uye myocardial infarction.
Iwe uri mungozi yevanaphylaxis kana iwe une chirwere kana iwe uchidzoka kubva kune imwe.
Mastocytosis inoratidzika mamiriro ezvinhu mauri mune mamwe mamasi masero, ayo masero ezvirwere anodzivirira histamine nemamwe makemikari. Aya masero anogona kuunganidza mucheka, nhengo dzomukati, uye mapfupa. Kana zvakakonzerwa ne-allergen iwe uri pangozi yevanaphylaxis nekuda kwenhamba yemasero anosunungura aya makemikari.
Sources:
> Anaphylaxis. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anaphylaxis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351468.
> Mishonga Mishonga Yese: Anaphylactic Reactions (Anaphylaxis). Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK464181/.
> Idiopathic Allergy Factsheet November 2017 . The Anaphylaxis Campaign. https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Idiopathic-Anaphylaxis-Factsheet-Nov-2017.pdf.
> Nwaru BI, Dhami S, Sheikh A. Idiopathic Anaphylaxis. Current Treatment Options mu Allergy . 2017; 4 (3): 312-319. doi: 10.1007 / s40521-017-0136-2.
> Sanchez-Borges M, Suarez Chacon R, Capriles-Hulett A, Caballo-Fonseca F, Fernandez-Caldas E. Anaphylaxis Kubva Kuisa Mite: Pancake Anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 31-5.