Gore roga roga zvirwere zvinorwara zvinokurudzirwa kutidzivirira kubva kune fenza. IUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inokurudzira kuti munhu wese anopfuura makore emwedzi 6 ave nechirwere ichi kurwisa chirwere gore negore. Kwemakore akawanda kwaive neine chirwere chimwe chete chekurwisa-chizvarwa chepfudzi chaifema chaisanganisira zvitatu zvehutachiona hwechirwere. Zvisinei, pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvokuzvidzivirira kubva kune furu. Dzidza nezvekusiyana kwezvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere uye uone kuti ndiani angave akakodzera iwe nemhuri yako.
1 -
Trivalent Flu ShotChirwere chinopfurikidza sezvatinozviziva kwemakumi emakore chirwere chetsika chinokura muhuchi mazai. Inoumbwa nematambudziko matatu ekurwisa chirwere (zvirwere zviviri zve furuwenza A uye rimwe ronda refuruwenza B) izvo vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti zvinowanzokonzera chirwere panguva inotevera chirwere chechirwere.
Zvinotora mwedzi mitanhatu kuti ugadzire chirwere chechirwere, izvo zvinoreva kuti kuoma kunosanganisira kusarudzwa kunopedzisira kuguma kwegore rinotanga kupisa.
Inoshandiswa sejoka remukati (IM) muko kana chidya. Vana vari pasi pemakore masere vasati vamboita chirwere chepirwere vasati vazoda mairi maviri masvondo mana kunze. Chirwere chekutanga chirwere chechirwere chinoshanda se "primer" kuitira kuti muviri wechirwere chemuviri unoziva chaunofanira kutarisa. Ikosi yechipiri (yechipiri) chirwere inobvumira masimba ekudzivirira zvirwere kuti aumbe zvirwere zvinogona kubatsira kurwisa furu pasina kuita kuti mwana arware kana akaratidzwa.
2 -
Quadrivalent Flu ShotChirwere chinonzi quadrivalent chirwere chinoshandiswa nenzira imwecheteyo iyo chirwere chechirwere chinopfurikidza chirwere chiri. Musiyano ndewekuti chirwere chinonzi quadrivalent chinosangana nemakumbo mana ehutachiona virus (maviri maronda ane furuwenza A uye miviri miviri ye furuwenza B), inoreti inopa zviri nani kuchengetedza chirwere.
Nemhaka yokuti hatizivi chaizvo kuti mbeu dzipi dzinoita kuti vanhu varware gore roga roga, kusanganisira zvimwe zvinetso zvehutachiwana muhutachiona zvinowedzera mukana wekuti simba guru rinozobatanidzwa muchirwere.
Kungofanana nechirwere chinopfurikidza chirwere, pfupfu ye quadrivalent inopiwa sejeri ye IM. Mishonga yose yemapiruru inotora mavhiki maviri kuti ipe hutachiona uye inoshanda.
3 -
Intradermal Flu ShotIyo intradermal chirwere ichiputika zvakasiyana zvikuru nedzimwe zvirwere zvechirwere nokuti inorohwa mukati meganda panzvimbo pemisumbu. Inoshandisa tsono shomanana kudarika fesheni inopfurikidza nokuti inongoda kupinda mukati mezvikamu zvishomanana zveganda pane kupinda munzira yose kupinda mumusungo.
Ikoko chirwere chinopfurikidza chirwere chinogamuchirwa kuti chishandiswe kune vanhu vakuru pakati pezera remakore gumi nemasere nemakumi matanhatu. Vanhu vanowana chirwere ichi vanotaura marwadzo mashoma kudarika nemafambidzana emagetsi kupfurikidza asi vanogona kuve nedzimwe migumisiro yakadai sokutsvaira, kubwinya, uye kuzvimba mujisi site.
IFluzone intradermal vaccine chirwere chinokwana, saka ine midzi mina ye furuwenza.
4 -
High Dose Flu VaccineIko kune zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana zvepamusoro-dose zvirwere zvepukisi zvinowanikwa kune vakwegura vakuru kuti zvive nekugadzirisa kugadzirisa zvirwere zvehutachiona. Imwe ndiyo chirongwa chepamusoro chinonzi trivalent vaccine uye imwe yacho inonzi trivalent flu futi yakaitwa neAdjuvant. Iyo adjuvant ishoko rinobatsira muviri kuumba mhinduro yakasimba yezvirwere kune utachiona.
Zvose izvi zvirwere zvinokonzera katatu, zvinoreva kuti dzine zvinhu zvitatu zve furuwenza. Izvo zvose zvinogamuchirwa kuti zvishandiswe kune vanhu vakuru vane makore makumi matanhatu nekure.
5 -
Kuchengetedza Free Flu VaccineMishonga yakawanda inoputira chirwere chepukisi inosanganisa iyo inonzi thimerosal sekuchengetedza kudzivirira kusvibiswa sezvo maitiro akawanda emishonga inowanikwa kubva mumuchiri.
Kunyangwe pakange kusina njodzi inobatanidza nekushandiswa kwemasimba ekuvhara zvirwere, kune zvimwe zvingasarudzwa zvezvirwere zvechirwere izvo zvisina chinhu ichi . Mishonga isina kukwana inokonzera chirwere chegomba haina chine thimerosal uye "inochengetedza pasina."
6 -
Vaccine Inonzi Intranasal Flu (FluMist)Kusvikira gore ra2012 kusvika muna 2017 gore, chirwere chinonzi intranasal chirwere chinonzi FluMist chaive chararudzo chinozivikanwa mukati mezvirwere zvechirwere chevana. Inogadziriswa sepasip spray-a quick squirt mumhino imwe neimwe uye iwe wapedza.
Mushonga weFluMist unoshandiswa usingashandisi hupenyu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona. Yakagamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe kuvana vanopfuura makore maviri vane makore vasingagoni kuva nechirwere cheputi kana kuti nhoroondo yekufema. Inogona kushandiswa kuvana nevakuru kusvika kune makore makumi mashanu nemashanu.
Muna 2016, Komiti Yemazano Emishonga Yokudzivirira (ACIP) yakarumbidza kuti chirwere chinoshandiswa mumvura chinenge chisisashandisi kushandiswa nekuda kwezvinetso pamusoro pekushanda kwayo. Zvirongwa zvinogona kuchinja mune ramangwana, asi panguva ino, FluMist haisati yakurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe sechirwere chepachirwere chegore.
7 -
Jet Injected Vaccine VaccineIyo jet injected vaccine vaccine inoshandiswa pasina kushandisa nheyo zvachose. Iyo inoshandiswa uchishandiswa chidimbu chechiremba "chinoshandisa kure-kudzvinyirira, kuderera kwemvura inonaya kupinda mukati peganda panzvimbo ye hypodermic sindano," pane CDC.
Ichi chirwere chinonzi trivalent-chine matambudziko matatu echirwere-uye inobvumirwa kuti ishandiswe kune vanhu vakuru pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu nemasere.
8 -
Egg Free Flu VaccinesKuenda kune mazuva ayo vanhu vane mazai eaizi vanofanira kudzivirira zvirwere zvechirwere. Ongororo dzichangobva kuitika dzinoratidza kuti inenge yese munhu wese ane mazai ezai achiri kukwanisa kubatwa nechirwere chechirwere chechirwere. Mukana wehutano hwehutachiona hunopfurikidza nehutachiona hwemapfupa hahupamhi kune vanhu vane mazamu evha kune avo vasina vanhu vasina mazamu.
Zvisinei, kana iwe uine hanya nehukuru hwehutano hwako kana kuti zvichida kuti chirwere chinopera, pane zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvisingakure mazai zvachose uye zvisina kana ma protein.
Kune zvirwere zvekurwisa zvinonzi recombinant izvo zvose zviri zviviri zvakafanana uye zvigadziriswa. Aya majekiseni anoitwa nenzira yakasiyana nedzimwe zvirwere zvechirwere. Vanokwanisa kubudiswa nekukurumidza kudarika zvirwere zvemazuva ano, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka pakurwara kwezvirwere. Nemhaka yokuti haisi kukura mazai, haaisi mungozi kune avo vane mazai evha. IFlublok katatu uye zvirwere zvepfupa zvinokwana zvinogamuchirwa kuti zvishandiswe kune vanhu vane makore gumi nemasere kana kupfuura.
Imwe chirwere chinopisa mazai mazai chivharo chinonzi quadrivalent chirwere chinoshandisa hutachiona chakakurira mumasero. Inogamuchirwa kuti ishandiswe kune vanhu vane makore 4 nekukwira.
9 -
Pane The Horizon: Flu Vaccine PatchKunyange zvazvo isingawanikwi kuvanhu vose, zvirwere zvemakiriniki zvave zvichivimbisa kurwarisa chirwere chechirwere . Ichi chirwere chinopfurikidza chirwere chinogadziriswa paruoko rwakaita sechisiti uye chakabvisa maminiti gare gare. Iine mazana ema micro-sindano ayo anopera pane kushanda.
Iyo chirwere hachidi kuti iite firiji kana inotungamirirwa nedzivo rezvechiremba akadzidziswa sezvirwere zvemazuva ano zvirwere. Izvo zvinogona kugadziriswa kumusha nemhando iyi yekombiyuta inofadza kune vanopa utano hwehutano, vakuru vehutano vehutano, nevatsvakurudzi zvakafanana.
10 -
Zvichaitika Muhupenyu HusingaperiMazuva ano zvirwere zvekurwisa zvirwere zvinoderera pasi pasinei nokuti vashandi vezvoutano nevatungamiriri vehutano pasi rose munyika yose uye munyika yose vanovataurira. Izvo zvatinofanira kuwana vachete gore negore uye kuti zvirwere zvinoshandiswa kushandiswa kwehuwandu hunoita basa guru mumatengo akaderera.
Vanhu vanonzwisisika havadi kutora nguva yekuwana chirwere chinogona kana chisingashandi. Tinofanira kuita chizivo chakadzidziswa gore negore pamusoro pemhando dzipi dzehutachiona hunogona kuita kuti vanhu varware zvinotevera chirwere chemvura. Dzimwe nguva tinozviwana zvakarurama uye dzimwe nguva hatisi.
Ikoko kune zvidzidzo zvakawanda zviri kuitika zvino zvingashandura ramangwana rezvirwere zvechirwere kwatiri tose. Mapoka akawanda emasayendisiti ari kutarisa nzira yekukudziridza zvirwere zvechirwere kuitira kuti zvive zvakakosha uye hazvifanirwi kupiwa gore roga roga nokuti dzinogona kutarisa chikamu chetachiona chechirwere chisingachinje. Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingaitike zvakadaro, zvinogona kuwanika mune remangwana risati riri kure zvikuru.
Shoko Rinobva
Kunyange zvazvo pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa, hazviiti zvose zvevanhu vose. Mumwe nomumwe ane mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo anoita kuti iwe, mwana wako, kana imwe nhengo yemhuri ishande. Kana iwe uchida mune imwe sarudzo yekuzvidzivirira, kurukura naye nemupi wehutano wehutano.
> Sources:
> Kuenderera Kune Chirwere Cheshuga Chenyika Yose | NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/universal-flu-vaccine.
> CDC. Flu Vaccine uye Vanhu vane Egg Allergies. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/egg-allergies.htm. Yakabudiswa musi waSeptember 2, 2016.
> CDC. Nheyo Dzinokosha Pamusoro Penguva Dzafu Inoputika. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm. Yakabudiswa musi waOctober 30, 2017.
> Influenza vaccines - United States, 2017-18 influenza season * | Nyuchi Influenza (Flu) | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/vaccines.htm. Yakabudiswa naOctober 17, 2017.