Ko xenotransplantation inogona kuva mhinduro yekushaikwa kwezvikamu zvevanhu here?
Muna 1997, chiremba wevhiya weIndia akaziva kusaziva pashure pokunge akaisa mwoyo yenguruve mumunhu. Murwere akafa pavhiki mushure mekuda kwezvinetso kubva kune hutachiona. Zvisinei, chiitiko chacho chakadzosa kugadzirisa pane imwe nzvimbo inonzi inozivikanwa yekugadzirwa kwechimiro , munyaya iyi kubva kumhuka kusvika kuvanhu. Mumashoko ekurapa, izvi zvinotumidzwa se xenotransplantation.
Sezvakanyorwa nehurumende yeHorld Health Organisation, chirongwa che xenotransplantation chinoreva:
- Kuiswa kwemasero mhenyu, maviri, kana nhengo dzemhuka kubva kuvanhu.
- Kuwedzerwa kwemvura yemuviri yemunhu kana masero ayo ave akabatana nemasero asiri evanhu kana masukisi.
Chimbofungidzira tarisiro: ramangwana apo kukanganisa kwevanhu kusisiri dambudziko rinotyisa. Panogadzirira, "ku-kuda" nhengo dzomuviri dzinowanikwa kubva kumhuka dzinowanikwa kuti dziwedzere kune vanhu vane hosha kusakundikana , kukanganisa kwemwoyo, kusakundika kwechiropa ... Zvimwe zvinogona kunge zvisingagumi. Asi isu tiripo zvakadaro here? Izvo zvinokwanisika here? Uye zvakadini nezvehupenyu hwehutano?
Xenotransplantation munhoroondo
Kuvandudza maitiro evanhu uye basa rave riri fungiro iyo vanhu vakagara kubva kare. Nhoroondo yakajeka yaIcarus naDhaedalus inobatanidza mapapiro emarudzi mukuedza kwavo kusina maturo kubhururuka kubva pagungwa kubva Krete kusvika kuGreece inonyatsozivikanwa.
Iyo inonzi yakakurumbira Hindu Mwari, Ganesha ane musoro wehove yakashandurwa pamhando yevanhu. Zvimwe zvezviratidzo izvi zvakadzokera kumakore anopfuura 2000 pamberi paKristu. Saka, zvinogona kunge zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti vanhu vave vachichera nepfungwa ye xenotransplantation kwemakore mana emakore.
Zvisati zvaitika kuipa kwechiremba chiremba wechiIndia chataurwa pamusoro apa, pane nhoroondo dzechimpanze-kusvika-munhu kuchinja mwoyo, iyo yakaitwa muna 1964 (kurarama kwevarwere kwaive kwakapfupika zvakare).
Sei Tichifanira Kuda Nyama Zvokugadzira Muviri Kwazvo?
Mhinduro shomanana uye ine tsitsi ndeyekuti xenotransplantation inogona kunge iri mhinduro kune izvozvi zvisiri izvo pakati pekuda nekudya. Sezvo pane FDA, varwere vanegumi vanofa zuva rega rega muUnited States chete vachimirira kuponeswa kwechimiro cheupenyu.
USRDS data inoshuma kuti urongwa hwevarwere hunomirira tsvete kupinza kubva musi waDecember 31st, 2013 wakanga uine vanopfuura 86 000 vakatsvaga. Izvi zvakapetwa kanomwe nhamba yeimpimpi inoputika yakaitwa muUnited States mugore rimwe chete (inenge 17,600), chiyeuchidzo chikuru chekusaziva pakati pehuwandu hwevanopa huripo uye vanhu vakamirira kugoverwa kwenhengo kurindira mazita .
Kunze kwezviitiko izvi zvinoponesa upenyu, kurapwa kwezvirwere zvisingaperi sezvinonzi chirwere cheshuga zvinogona kuva revolutionized nekuda kwekuiswa kwemasero nemaviri kubva kune vanhu vasiri vanhu (funga pancreatic transplantation mune inshuini-inokonzerwa nechirwere cheshuga).
Ndezvipi Zvipenyu Zvingave Zvichishandiswa Kune Zvisiri Zvisina Munhu Zvisikwa Zvokuputika?
Intuitively, zvinogona kuonekwa sevakoma vedu vepedyo pamaketani-e "asiri vanhu" semakungu-ndiyo ndiyo yakanakisisa inobva kune nhengo dzakadaro. Zvisinei, izvi zvinowanzoshamisika uye hazviwanzo "kurerwa" pamwero mukuru.
Kwete-primates yakafanana nenguruve, saka, inosarudzwa nokuti nyore nyore mune nhamba dzisingagoneki dzinovaita mari inobatsira. Kunyanya, sezvinosvika kuinso, itsvo dzakabva kune nguruve dziri pedyo zvikuru mukukura kumhino dzevanhu.
Zvipingamupinyi uye Njodzi
Xenotransplantation haisati yabviswa pamwero mukuru nekuda kwezvimwe zvipingamupinyi. Heano mamwe ematambudziko atinosangana nawo panyaya yekuisa zvikamu kubva kumhuka kusvika kuvanhu:
- Ngozi yezvirwere zvedu zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinoramba chimiro chakaiswa kubva kuchikara.
- Ngozi yekuendesa zvirwere (kuzivikanwa uye zvisingazivikanwi) kubva kumhuka kusvika kuvanhu: Pakutanga, izvi zvinoratidzika sehutengo hukuru. Mukuita, chikonzero chokuti vazhinji vanogona kuwanikwa nhengo dzevanhu vangave mhuka dzakasimudzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akachengetedzwa uye akazvimiririra zvinokonzera kuderedza kukuru mudambudziko iri.
- Zvinokonzerwa nezvinokonzerwa nekugadzirwa kwepachibereko: Mumakumbo asina kukwana-ku-munhu kuiswa kwemoyo kunotaurwa pamusoro apa, somuenzaniso, uwandu hwemwoyo wechimputi husina kukwana kuchengeta zvido zvemuviri wemunhu zvakataurwa sechikonzero chakaita kuti murwere afire .
- Nhau dzetsika: Tinofanira kutora hupenyu hwemhuka kuti tidzikinure isu here? Kuvhiringidzika kwehutano hwehutano hwema xenotransplantation ndeyekuda kwehutsika zvakare. Rimwe remibvunzo yakawanda inotarisana navanachiremba vanofambisa mazuva ano ndeyezviitiko zvinenge zvichiitika kana mutachiona anotapukira asingatombozivikanwi kuiswa munzanga yevanhu nekuda kwe xenotransplantation. Izvi zvingava chimwe chinhu chakafanana nechinangwa pamusoro pehutachiona hweAIDS uye "kuruka" kwaro kuvanhu.
Xenotransplantation uye Reality
Ikozvino ndiyo inowanzove yakabvuma kuti kuiswa kwevanhu vasiri nhengo kuvanhu kune nyaya yekuti, pane. Nhaurirano pamusoro pekuramba nhengo dzakadai dzinogona kutaridzirwa nekugona kuva nemhuka dzinopa ruzivo kuti zvive nemajeredjini ekuratidza maitiro evanhu. Kana izvi zvichibudirira, zvirwere zvemuviri zvevanhu hazvikwanisi kuramba iyo mhuka yemhuka. Nharo pamusoro pehutachiwana uye tsika dzakarongedza zvimwe zvitsvakurudzo.
Chekutanga "mwana mucheche" kune xenotransplantation inogona kunge yakaita sechikamu chekutsvaira nguva muvarwere vane chirwere chisina kukwana, apo chinogona kushandiswa sebhiriji kusvika pakurapa kwekupedzisira. Chiitiko chinogoneka chingava murwere ane chiropa chinokonzera chiropa chisina chiropa chevanhu chinowanikwa pakugadziriswa uye zvingazofa kuchimirira. Muchiitiko ichi, chiropa chisina munhu chinogona kutenga murwere iyeye nguva inokosha kusvikira chiropa chomunhu chiripo. Tinodana izvi "chimwe chinhu chiri nani kupfuura chinhu" mamiriro ezvinhu!
> Sources
> Cooper D. Nhoroondo shomanana yepamuviri-mhuka dzinoshandiswa pakugadziriswa. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2012 Jan; 25 (1): 49-57. PMCID: PMC3246856
> Human Organ and Tissue Transplantation. World Health Organization International Xenotransplantation Information. http://www.who.int/transplantation/xeno/en/
> US Food & Drug Administration. Xenotransplantation. https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Xenotransplantation/