FDA inotsvaga njodzi yevasina-nutritive sugar substitutes
Kubva pane kudya sodas kusvika kune uswa hwemashuga husina shuga uye mapirasi, vashanduki veshuga vanenge vari kwose kwose nhasi. Pane imwe nguva inofungidzirwa sepinecea yekuderedza dambudziko rehutano hwehutano hwezvokudya (kurema, chirwere cheshuga, kuora kwezino), zvinotapira zvinokonzera mazuva ano zvinowedzera kuongororwa nevamwe vanoratidza kuti vangave vasina kuchengeteka sezvatinofunga.
Mhando dzeSuar Substitute
Izwi rokuti "shuga mutevedzeri" rinoreva zvose zvinowanzoitika zvinotapira kunze kwetafura yetafura (sucrose) uye zvinokonzerwa nemafuta zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari.
Zvimiti zvinotapira zvinotapira zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai se sorbitol inowanikwa mumaapuro uye mashizha egorosi, lactose yakawana mukaka, uye xylitol yakawana michero nemiriwo. Izvo zvinhu zvinotapira zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvekutapira.
Mishonga yakagadzirirwa inogadzirwa haisi yezvisikwa uye inosanganisira mabhizinesi akadai seEqual (aspartame), Splenda (sucralose), uye Sweet'N Low (saccharin). Stevia, chigadzirwa chinowanzofungidzirwa kuva chekuita, chiri chaicho chinobva kuStevia rebaudiana muti.
Kubva kuSukari kusvika kune Zvokudya Zvakanaka
Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva ngozi dzekudya shuga yakawanda. Dambudziko rekuwedzera kwehutano, chirwere cheshuga, chirwere chemoyo, hutachiona hwehutachiona, uye chirwere chepfungwa chinowanzoguma nemugumisiro wezvakawanda zve sucrose zvinopedzwa nemuwandu weAmerica. Ndiyo hutano vakuru vehutano vanotaura se "chirwere chemoyo," umo marefu maitiro mwoyo nemapfungwa zvepfungwa zvakabatana zvakananga nezvokudya zvatinodya, kusanganisira shuga.
Mukupindura chirwere ichi, shuga vatsigiri vave vachitengeswa nechisimba kuvanhu vose senzira yekureva chaiyo "ivai nekeke renyu uye muidye, zvakare." Zvinosuruvarisa, iri sarudzo haisi nyore sezvinonzwika, uye tasvika pakuziva kuti shuga inotsiva mitezo inobata miviri yedu mumatambudziko uye kazhinji anopesana nenzira.
Kuenzanisa Artificial Sweeteners
Mukuongorora kwakanyatsorongeka kwakaitwa muna 2012, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yakatsigira kuti zvinotapira zvinokonzerwa nemaitiro "zvakachengeteka kuvanhu vakawanda mune mamwe mamiriro ekushandiswa." Izvi zvaisanganisira kukurudzirwa kusapfuudza kudya kwemazuva ose kwakagamuchirwa (ADI) kunotsanangurwa nesangano.
Pakati pezvinotapira zvinogamuchirwa zvino, FDA yakaita bhetri rezvidzidzo kuti ione, kana iripo, inofanirwa nehuruzhinji inofanira kunge ine chokuita nekushandiswa kwayo. Pamatatu matatu anozivikanwa zvikuru:
- Aspartame (Equal) yaiva imwe yezvokutanga mashizha anokonzerwa nehutu uye, munguva iyoyo, yakakonzera chikamu chakanaka chepikisano. Kunyange zvazvo paiva nezvinetso zvepakutanga nezvekubatana kweAsuptame neyeukemia, lymphoma, uye kenza yemuropi, izwi remashoko nhasi kubva kune zvose FDA uye National Cancer Institute ndechokuti hapana sangano rakadaro rakawanikwa.
- Saccharin (Sweet'N Low) yakaudzwa kuti inokonzera kenza yemukaka mubazi reR rats; zvakafanana hazvina kuonekwa kuvanhu. Kutya uku kwakatanga kwakaita kuti Canada idzivise chigadzirwa muna 1977. IU.S. yakaswedera pakuita zvakafanana asi panzvimbo payo yaida kuti chigadzirwa chacho chiitwe tsamba yekuchenesa. Izvi zvakasimudzwa muna 2001 mushure mekutsvakurudza kubva kuNational Toxicology Program yakagumisa kuti saccharin yakanga isina kemikari (inokonzera kenza).
- Sucralose (Splenda) yakawanikwa muna 1976 uye yakabudiswa muUnited States muna 1998. FDA yakaita zvidzidzo zvishoma kusvika zana uye haina kuwana sangano rinozivikanwa pakati pe sucralose uye kanhi kana chirwere chemwoyo.
Zvakaipisisa Migumisiro yePhysiological
Ichokwadi kuti FDA inofungidzirwa kuti inonaka inofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu vanofanirwa kusaratidza kuti inogona kushandiswa isina mhosva. Kunyange zvazvo zvinotapira zvinokonzerwa nemasikirini zvinokwanisa kutevedzera manzwiro eshuga, mararamiro emagetsi kumashandisiro avo anowanzosiyana zvakasiyana.
Kazhinji, mhinduro yemuviri ku sucrose ndeyokuderedza kudya uye kugadzira manzwiro ekuzara, nokudaro kuderedza caloric kudya.
Mhinduro imwechete haifaniri kuitika neine zvinotapira zvekugadzira, kusadzisa kudai kuti ndeye "kudya" michina. Ichi chinoshamisa chinotumidzwa se "caloric" iyo vanhu vanogara vachiramba vachidya pasinei nekushaya nzara.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinotapira zvinokonzera maitiro zvinogona kuunza insulini spike, chimwe chinhu chinokonzera chirwere cheshuga chingave chisingacherechedzi pachinenge chichidya "chirwere cheshuga" candies. Pamwe chete, izvi zvinogona kutorazve chimwe chezviwanikwa zvakavimbiswa kune vanhu vanove vakaoma, vane chirwere cheshuga, kana kuti vane chirwere chisingaperi chepfungwa.
Muna 2012, American Heart Association neAmerican Diabetes Association vakabudisa mushumo iyo ivo vose vakapa hurumende yakachengetedzwa kune zvinotapira zvinogadzirwa, zvichiratidza "kushandiswa kwavo kwakakodzera" sechikamu cherongwa hwekudya. Mutsara uyu wakaratidzawo kuipa kwekoriori yekubhadhara uye wakanyevera vashandisi kushandisa kushandisa sweeteners se "magic bullet" kurwisa kuneta uye chirwere cheshuga .
> Sources
> Gardner, C .; Wylie-Rosett, J .; Gidding, S ;; et al. "Nonnutritive Sweeteners: Kushandiswa Kwezvino uye Utano Maonero: Scientific Statement Kubva kuAmerican Heart Association uye American Diabetes Association." Circulation. 2012; 126: 509-519.
> US Food and Drug Administration. "Zvimwe Zvinyorwa pamusoro peHigh-Intensity Sweeteners Zvinobvumirwa kushandiswa muKudya muUnited States." Silver Spring, Maryland; yakarongedzwa naMay 26, 2015.