Tose takanzwa nezve "mamita matanhatu pasi," asi izvi ndezvechokwadi nezvemakuva here?
Mashoko okuti "mairi matanhatu pasi pe" ndeyekufananidzira kwekufa nekuda kwechikonzero chokuti vashandi vemakuva vanogara vachichera matanda kusvika pakusvika kwemasendimita (1,83 mamita). Nyaya ino inopindura mubvunzo wekuti makuva akave mamita matanhatu akadzika, uye anotsvaga mhedzisiro inokwanisika yekutenda kwakapararira.
Kunopi "Maziso 6 Ari Pasi" Anobva?
Nzira dzakawanda uye tsananguro dziripo pamusoro pokuti nei vanhu vanowanzofungidzira makuva nguva dzose makumbo matanhatu, asi imwe pfungwa inowanikwa "Inotendeseka Zvikuru Asi Zvichida Haisi Yechokwadi" Mubayiro:
The London Plague ye1665
Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinotaurira hutatu hwemirairo yakabudiswa muLondon kumira kumwe kuputika kwedenda kana "Black Death" muna 1665 kutsanangura chikonzero nei tichiri kushandisa "mamita matanhatu pasi" nhasi. Iyo pepati, mazita anonzi Orders Conceived uye Yakabudiswa naIshe Major uye Aldermen weGuta reLondon Nezvekudzivirira kweDambudziko , rinosanganisira chikamu chakanzi "Kuvigwa kwevakafa" chine chirevo ichi: "... vose veMakuva vachave pa zvishoma netsoka matanhatu. "
Zvinosuruvarisa, aya "Mirairo" haapiyi tsanangudzo pamusoro pokuti nei humwe hwakadzika hwaive hwakagadziriswa, asi zvinoita kuti vatungamiri vatende kuti mamita matanhatu evhu akanga akakwana kudzivirira mhuka kubva pakuchera zvitunha uye / kana kuti kudzivirira chirwere ichi kupararira kune vapenyu. (Vanhu veLondon vakanga vasina kuziva kuti vaine zvakawanda zvokutya kubva kumafuru anogara pamakonzo achibudirira mumigwagwa yavo ine tsvina uye vashoma kutya kubva kune vane denda.)
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibvira kuti murairo weLondon wekushaya 1665 yakagadzira pfungwa dzisingagumi kuti makuva nguva dzose makumbo matanhatu, hazvibviri. Chokutanga, mirairo iyi yakanga isiri kushanda kwenguva yakareba nokuti kuputika kwechirwere kwakapararira muna 1666 mushure meGreat London Moto. Uyezve, kuitira kuti aparadze vanhu vanosvika 100 000 avo vakaurayiwa nehosha iyo muna 1665 kusvika ku66, vakuru vehurumende vakatora kuvanzirwa vazhinji mu "marangi ematambudziko" muLondon, iyo inogona kusvika pakadzika mamita makumi maviri kana kupfuura, kuti igare yakasimba pamwe nehuwandu hwehutachiona hunoda kuvigwa.
Nokudaro, hazvirevi kuti "nhanho dzemakumbo matanhatu" dzaiva nenguva yakakwana kana vateereri kuti vave tsika yakateverwa nemarudzi ekupedzisira evanamatevedzeri.
Kune zvimwe zvingaverengeka zvimwe zvinogona kutsanangurwa nei tichifunga kuti makwiro akachera mamita matanhatu mukati:
Kudzivirirwa
Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu eguru akasiyana-siyana munyika yose, vamwe vakatsanangura kuti, kubva pakukwirira kwekuvhura kwemakuva, mamita matanhatu ndiko kukwirira kwakadzika mumwe munhu anogona kuchengetedza guva zvisati zvaitika kutanga mativi anotanga kuvhara pasina imwe nzira yokuputika, kunyanya muvhu jecha .
Avhareji Gravedigger Urefu
Imwe tsanangudzo inoratidza kuti mamita matanhatu akanga akareba zvakadzika apo muvhareji gravedigger aigona kumira uye achiri kukwanisa kukanda dongo kunze kweguva achishandisa foshoro, kana kupinda mukati kana kunze kweguva pasina kuda kuwedzera.
Kuchengetedza Kuvhiringidza Muviri
Zvinoshamisa, kubatwa kwakakomba kana "kutora muviri" kwakaratidza dambudziko guru mumakore ekuma1800 - kunyanya muEngland neScotland. Nokuti zvikoro zvezvokurapa panguva iyoyo zvakatenga zvidhadhi zvekudzidza nekudzidzira uye kusagadzikana, vamwe vanhu vakapa kudiwa nekudzinga zvitunha zvitsva. Apo matongo akashandisa nzira dzakawanda dzakakosha kudzivirira kubata kukuru-kusanganisira kushandiswa kwematombo ematombo ematombo, mabhokisi emabwe, akavharidzirwa kumusoro-pasi zvivako, uye maitiro - zvinogona kuti kuviga muviri pakadzika mamita matanhatu kwakatarwa sevhavha yakadzivisa .
Mukuwedzera, vanhu vazhinji vaiwanzofunga kuti miviri yakaviga pakadzika, zvakadai semamita matanhatu, yakabatsira kusanganisa kunhuhwirira kunogona kukanganisa kutarisirwa kwemhuka kusingadiwi.
Pakupedzisira, vamwe vanofunga kuti mazamu kusvika kumamita matanhatu akadzika akabatsira kudzivirira varimi kukuchera miviri pavanorima minda yavo kumaruwa.
Kudzivirira Kupararira kwezvirwere
Sezvambotaurwa, vakuru vakuru veLondon nevarapi vekurapa muna 1665 vakakanganisa vaifunga kuti denda rakaparara rakapararira chirwere (pakati pezvimwe zvinotsanangurwa zvisiri izvo), uye kuti kuviga miviri iyi "makumbo matanhatu pasi" kunobatsira kuderedza / kupedza kupararira kwechirwere.
Folklore / Rule of Thumb
Pakupedzisira, kufanana nezvakawanda zvezvitendero zvakapoteredza rufu, pane "mutongi wegumbo" rekare rekusaziva kwakabva kunoreva kuti makuva anofanira kunge akadzika zvakadzama sekufa kwevakafa. Sezvo muvhareji wevarume muzana remakore rechi17 neregumi nemasere wakanga wakangosvika 1.67 mamita (5.48 mamita) akareba, zvingaita kuti mhedziso yakadzika mamita matanhatu yakaratidza hutongi hwakanaka hwechigunwe kana uchichera makuva.
Saka, Makarinda Zvechokwadi 6 Maziso Akadzika Here?
Zita rehurukuro yakakurumbira yeHBO reTeams Under Six , iyo yakarongedza imba inofanirwa yeveFisher yemhuri yemariro muLos Angeles, California, yakatora pfungwa yokuti vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti guva rinogara rakachera mamita 1.8 kubva mukati. Muzvokwadi, hapana chirevo chinotarisirwa nehurumende kana kuti nyika yose maererano nekudzika kwemakuva muUnited States; panzvimbo pacho, humwe humwe hurumende inotonga nzvimbo dzakadzika mukati memiganhu yayo, kana kuti inosiya nyaya yacho kumaguta, masuwa omunharaunda kana kunyange kumakuva.
Nepo hurumende yeNew York, somuenzaniso, isina chifukidzo chekudzika kwepamusoro penyika, New York City inoda kuti "'kana vanhu vachivigwa muvhu, vasina bhandi rekrete, musoro webhokisi kana kambani inofanira kuva 3 'pasi pehupamhi hwevhu.' (makumbo maviri muchengeti yekrete). "
Munharaunda yePennsylvania, zvisinei, kumiswa kwemakuva kunosanganisira ganda rekrete kana kuti gorozi inofanira kuva yakadzika zvakakwana kuitira kuti "kure kure kubva kumativi echokumusoro chechikwata chekunze chine casket hachingasviki mamita masendimita gumi kubva pamasikati wevhu. Apo kuvigwa kunosanganisira karoti chete, kana kuti muviri chete wevakafa panguva ye "bvudzi" kana kuti kuvigwa kwepanyama , ipapo makuva anofanira kuvharwa mukati zvakakwana kuitira kuti "kure kure kubva kune zvikamu zvekatekete kana muviri zvingasvike pasi pe2 makumbo - masendimita makumi mana-kubva paupenyu hwepanyika. "
Muzhinji, marinda akawanda akachera nhasi haasi mamita matanhatu mukati. Maererano naNancy Faulk, mutungamiri we Prairie Home Cemetery muWukesha, Wisconsin, "Nyika dzakawanda dzinongoda huwandu hwemasentimita makumi matanhatu evhu kubva pamusoro pechikwata kana kuviga chivako (kana kuti tsoka mbiri dzevhu kana muviri usina kuvharwa mune chimwe chinhu) . " Akawedzera kuti vashandi vePrairie Home Cemetery vanoshandisa "kukwirira kwemafuro mana emasikirwo uye kuvigwa kwepanyama."
Chinhu chinokosha ndechekuti kumakuva ekuAmerica haasi nguva dzose makumbo matanhatu, uye kune vasina kurova, uye anenge mamita masere (222m) yakadzika ari pedyo nekugara. Izvozvo zvakati, mamwe emakuva anopa zvidimbu zviviri kana zvitatu zvakadzika zvakadzika, umo makatekiti "akaiswa" mukati memafuro akafanana. Muzviitiko izvi, imwechete yemakuva inogona kuve yakachera mamita 7 kusvika ku12 (2.13 kusvika 3.66 mamita) yakadzama.
Sources:
"Makomba FAQs." [New York] Dhipatimendi rehurumende, Division of Cemeteries. http://www.dos.ny.gov/cmty/cemfaqs.html
"ยง 1.21." Kudzika kwemakuva. " The Pennsylvania Code. http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/028/chapter1/s1.21.html
Mirairo Yakagadzwa uye Yakabudiswa naIshe Major uye Aldermen veGuta reLondon Nezvekudzivirira kweDambudziko , rakadhindwa naJames Flesher, 1665. Mutsara wevanyori.
"Varume Vanobva Kumakore Ekutanga Ava Pedyo Sevanhu Vakakura Sevanhu Vemazuva Ano" naHolly Wagner. Ohio State University. http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/medimen.htm