States mitemo inodzivirira kodzero dzevagari vemo kuti vafe
Pane hutsinye hwakanyanya kumativi maviri ehurukuro, asi kodzero yepamutemo yekusarudza rufu yakawana humwe hutano muUnited States kuburikidza nemitemo yakaparidzwa zvose pasi pehurumende nehurumende.
History Legislative Nzira dzeChokwadi Kuenda
Mutemo wekutanga wakapfuura pahurumende inotarisira kodzero yevarwere yekusarudza kupfuurira hupenyu, kana rufu rainzi Murairo Kuzvigadzirisa Mutemo , wakapera muna 1991. Mutemo uyu wakapa vagari veAmerica kodzero yekukudziridza zviri pamutemo mirairo inotarisa kuti izvo zvinoraramisa hupenyu huchagashira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye akaoma. Izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nemapepa akaita sarudzo dzekuita, usadzokorora zvakare mairairo (DNR), chiremba kana kurapa kwezvechiremba kupedza chirwere chekuchengetedza hupenyu (POLST, MOLST), nevamwe.
Passive Death vs. Proactive Death
Asi kusarudza zvichazoitika kwauri kana iwe ukazviwana uri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma (kana iwe usinganzwisisi zvakakwana kuti unzwisise mamiriro acho ezvinhu) hazvina kufanana nekuita sarudzo yakangwara uye yakasvinuka yekushingaira hutora hupenyu hwako pane kutambura kuburikidza nechirwere kana yekufa.
Kunyange zvazvo kodzero yekuramba kurapwa yakapiwa muUnited States kwemakore mazhinji, kukumbira kuti mumwe munhu akurumidze kufa kune imwe nyaya, zvose zviri pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, varwere vanoramba kurapwa vatora matanho anoshanda kuti vafe nekusarudza kuti havachazodi kudya kana kushandiswa. Vangave vakakwanisa kukurumidza kufa kwavo pachavo nekushaya nzara ivo pachavo kana kufa ne nyota. Iyi yakasarudzwa inogona kutora nguva yemavhiki.
Mumamiriro maviri aya, varwere vanosarudza rufu nekushingaira kwete kuita chimwe chinhu. Iyoyo nzira yakasiyana kubva pakusarudza kutora matanho, nekuita zvinodhaka zvinodhaka kana nekuzvinyima uye nekugadzirisa mamwe maitiro, izvo zvinogona kukonzera rufu munyaya yemaminitsi. Matanho akadaro ezvokuita kuti uzviwanise kazhinji inoda rubatsiro kubva kune mumwe munhu.
Kodzero Yokufa Murairo Munyika Yose
Kune huwandu hwesarudzo, kufunga, uye zvigadziro kupedza hupenyu kana murwere achigara mune demo apo mitemo inovatsigira. Zvisinei, kana zvisarudzo izvi zvichitsvaga rubatsiro rweumwe munhu, varwere vanofanira kugara muhurumende nemitemo inotsigira.
Sekupera kwegore ra2017, zvishanu zvinotaura uye Chirongwa cheColumbia zvakagadza rufu-pamwe-nemitemo yekutenda.
Oregon
Vokutanga veAmerica States kuti vashandise chiremba-vanobatsirwa kuzviuraya, kodzero yekufa, Oregon yakapfuura rufu rwavo neDignity Act muna 1997. Inobvumira vagari veOregon avo vanorwara zvachose kuti vaite mishonga inouraya iyo yakatemerwa nachiremba kuti vabatsire kuti vafe.
Vaya vanoda kutenderera pamurairo uyu kuvabatsira kufa vanofanirwa kuva vagari venyika yeOregon, makore gumi nemasere, vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvine musoro pamusoro pekufa kwavo, uye vanofanirwa kuonekwa (uye vanovimbiswa) kuti vave nechirwere chisingaperi ichapera mumwedzi mitanhatu.
Mutemo unonyatsotaura nezvekuti nzira iyo inofanirwa kusangana nayo, uye varwere vose vanoita sarudzo iyi inotevedzwa nehurumende.
Washington
Muna 2009, nyika yeWashington yakashandisa rufu rwayo neDignity Act, iyo inobvumira varwere kukumbira vanachiremba vavo kuvabatsira kufa.
Zvakafanana neOregon, varwere vanofanira kunge vaine zvirwere zvinopedzisira vaine zvirwere pasi pemwedzi mitanhatu uye vagari veHurumende yeWashington. Kana vakagadzirisa izvozvi, vanogona kukumbira rubatsiro kubva kunechiremba kuti avabatsire kuwana mishonga inouraya inodiwa kupedza hupenyu hwavo.
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzinoda kugadziriswa nezvose murwere uye vanachiremba, uye nguva dzinofanira kuteverwa kuchengetedza chikumbiro uye kuparidzira mutemo. Uyezve, panofanira kuva neuchapupu kune rufu, uye pane mitemo yakananga pamusoro pekuti ndiani anopupura uye angave asina. Somuenzaniso, chapupu chacho hachifaniri kunge chiri hama, mushandi wekuchengetwa kwehutano, kana chiremba anonyora kana kuparadzira mishonga.
Vermont
Nechitsauko muna 2013 cheMutemo 39 (Patient Choice uye Control paMugumo weMutemo Act), Vermont yakave nyika yechina yekupfura rufu nemitemo yekutenda, uye nyika yekutanga kumabvazuva kweUnited States.
Zvinoda kuvarwere vanoda kutsvaga chiremba kuti avabatsire kufa zvakafanana nedzimwe nyika dzinodarika mitemo yakadai, asi iyo inoratidzika seyo inonyorwa zvakare zvakajeka pane webhusaiti yavo pane mune dzimwe nyika.
California
Muna 2015, nyika yeKalifornia yakapedza Mugumo weChitangwana Chokuita Kwegore uye yakatanga kushanda munaJune 2016. Mutemo mutsva weCalifornia unotevera kutevera Oregon's Death neDignity Act pamwe nekugadziriswa.
Colorado
Colorado yakapfuurira Chinangwa 105, Mugumo weHupenyu Options Act, muna 2016. Yakatanga kushanda pakupera kwegore ra20166. Inoshandiswa kune avo vanorwara vanorwara nekutaura kwemwedzi mitanhatu kana kuti vashoma kuti vararame. Vanachiremba vanogona kupa mishonga yekurapa-in-kufa mishonga iyo ndiyo inotungamirirwa.
District of Columbia
Chirongwa cheColumbia DC Death neDignity Act chakatanga kushanda musi waFebruary 18, 2017, uye kushanda kwakatanga musi waJune 6, 2017. Zvisinei, inogona kuve yakarongeka kana musangano webhajeti wezvematongerwo enyika haubhadhara mari inoshandiswa.
Rinotarisira Mutemo uye Kujekeswa muMontana uye Mimwe Nyika
Montana Supreme Court yakatonga muna 2009 kuti hapana mutemo wenyika unorambidza chiremba kuti asaremekedze chikumbiro chechirwere chinoparara, mupfungwa mupfungwa nekurapa mishonga yekukurudzira kufa kwevarwere. Kuedza kwepamutemo kwekuita izvi zvisiri pamutemo kana kutonga kwakakundikana muna 2013 ne 2017.
Zvimwe zvizhinji zvezvematongerwo enyika zviri kutarisisa zvakarurama-kusvika-kufa mutemo. ProCon.org inochengetedza hurumende-ne-state inotarisa nyika uye maitiro avo pamusoro pekodzero yekufa.