Gender confirmation chirurgical is term ambulance for any surgery that transgender or gender nonconforming people use to align their bodies to their gender identity. Gender confirmation chirurgic inozivikanwawo nemamwe mazita mazita anosanganisira kuenzaniswa kwehutano hwepabonde, chirwere chekuita zvezvechikadzi, nekuvhiya kushanduka kwepabonde.
Kunyange zvazvo chirwere chekuita zvekuita zvezvechikadzi uye zvepabonde kuchinjwa kwekuvhiya ndiyo nzira inonyatsozivikaniswa, haisi iyo mitemo inosarudzwa navanhu vakawanda vemunharaunda.
Sei? Kuvhiyiwa kwevakadzikadzi kunoratidza kuti kuvhiya kuri kuchinja hutano hwomumwe munhu, kana kuri kunyatsobatanidza muviri kumurume. Kuita zvepabonde kunoshandiswa kwakavhiyiwa kwakangoita sekusarudzwa sechine nguva, uye kunouya nenhau yakaoma. Zvisinei, ose aya mazwi anoshandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
Kuwana uye Kufarira muGender Confirmation Surgery
Haasi ose transgender, asiri bhinari, uye zvepabonde vanhu vanoda kuvhiyiwa kuti vaenzanise miviri yavo kuhutano hwavo. Vamwe vanhu vanogutsikana nemasarudzo evanhu vanogara mune zvekugara kana vehutano. Vamwe vanoda imwe kana kurapwa , asi vangave vangave vasina kuwana. Kuongorora kukuru kwevanhu vemadzinza vakaona kuti:
- 55 muzana yevakadzi ve transgender vaive kana vaida neovaginoplasty (kusikwa kwemudzimai)
- 44 muzana yevakadzi ve transgender vainge vane kana vaida kuwedzera mazamu
- 45 muzana yevakadzi ve transgender vainge vaine kana vaida kusangana nevakadzi
- 33 muzana yevakadzi ve transgender vaive kana vaida kuveura misodzi
- 49 muzana yevakadzi ve transgender vaive kana vaida orchiectomy (kubviswa kwee testes)
- 22 muzana yevarume ve transgender vaive kana vaida phalloplasty (kusikwa kwepeni)
- 27 muzana yevarume ve transgender vaive kana vaida metoidoplasty / metaidoioplasty (kuvhiyiwa kushandura kumira kwe clitoris kune imwe inofanidza chinzvimbo chepente)
- 97 muzana yevarume ve transgender vaive vaida kana kuti vaida chifukidzo chekuvaka kana mastectomy
- 71 muzana yevarume ve transgender vaive kana vaida hysterectomy
Imari ndeimwe yezvikonzero zvakakosha kuti vanhu vane ruzivo rwakakwana rwehutano hwehutano hunoshandiswa. Nhoroondo yekare, aya maitiro haasati akafukidzwa nemasangano ehurumende yehupfumi nehupfumi . Nenzira yakanaka, izvi zviri kuchinja. Ikozvino pane huwandu hwehupfumi hwehupfumi uye hupfumi hunofukidza mamwe, kana kuti ose, maitiro ekugonesa kwevakadzi pabonde. Zvinosuruvarisa, iyo kugoverwa kazhinji kunouya nehuwandu huhu hunoita kuti varwere vanofarira. Izvo hazviwanikwi kune vanhu vose vari munyika dzose.
Chimwe chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti vanhu vasvike pakuvhiyiwa nhamba shomanana yechiremba vanodzidziswa kuita chirwere ichi. Ava vanachiremba, kunyanya avo vane ruzivo, vanowanzobudiswa kwemwedzi kana makore zvisati zvaitika. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji vavo havaiti inshuwarisi. Nenzira inofadza, sezvo inshuwarisi yekuparidzira kwehutano kuvimbiswa kwekuvhiya kwawedzera, ndizvo zvakaita chiremba anofarira mukurovedza. Ikozvino pane imwechete yekudzidzisa kuchipatara kudzidzisa vagari vemukuita neovavaginoplasty. Kunyange zviri nani, ivo vari kugamuchira inshuwarisi yekubhadhara iyo nzira.
Pakupedzisira, pane nhoroondo refu yekusarura uye kushorwa kunokanganisa vatachiona ve transgender kutarisira.
Inishuwarenzi Makambani uye neWPATH Maitiro Ekuchengetedza
Kune hutano hwakasiyana-siyana hunoita kuti vanhu vangave vaine hanya nehutano hwevakadzi kana kuvimbiswa. Pano pane mazano chaiwo ekugoverwa kwekuvhiya imwe neimwe. Zvisinei, semitemo yakawanda, vatsigiri vakawanda vari kutendeukira kuWPATH Maitiro ekuchengetedza semitemo yekugadzirisa kukodzera kwekuvhara chirwere.
WPATH ndiro chirevo cheWorld Professional Association yeTransgender Health. Yakazivikanwa saHarry Benjamin Society, WPATH haisi mhirizhonga.
Nhoroondo, WPATH mitemo yakakurudzira izvo nhengo dzakawanda dzemunharaunda dzinotaura sekuchengetedza magedhi . Kuchengetedza magedhi kunoreva zvinodiwa kuti vanhu vanodarika vanove nehuwandu hwehutano uye / kana hutano hwepfungwa vasati vabvumirwa kuchinja kuburikidza nechipatara. Izvi zvinogadzirisa vatano vehutano hwehutano sevatariri vemagedhi avo vanodikanwa kuti vasvitse kuwana kutarisira.
Vashandi, vatsvakurudzi, uye nhengo dzemunharaunda vakanyatsorondedzera kuti uwandu hwekuongororwa hunodikanwa kune mamwe mavhivhi makuru. Semuenzaniso, vanhu havakwanisi kutsvaga mazano asati vasvika pane imwe chironga chepurasitiki. Sezvo zvakadaro, kune mibvunzo inobvumirana pamusoro pekuti izvi zvinorayira zvinoratidza kushorwa kunopesana nevanhu vanodarika panzvimbo yezvipatara zvakakodzera.
Pasinei nokuti mitemo yeWPATH yekutarisira yakanaka here kana kuti kwete, iyo ndiyo mirayiridzo iyo masangano makuru makuru anotevera. Kutaura zvazviri, ndeye chete mirayiridzo yekuchengetedza mitemo iyo inogamuchirwa nevakawanda vezvechiremba uye yveshuwarisi. Nenzira yakanaka, WPATH anovandudza maitiro avo ekuvhiya uye kurapwa kwemishonga kwemakore mashanu kusvika gumi. Nenzira yakawanda, mitemo iyi yekuchengetedza yakave isina kudzivirira kwenguva. Izvi zvinoratidza kuwedzera kukura kwehutano hwakasiyana munzanga. Mashoko aya ari pasi apa anobva pachinangwa che7 chemitemo yekutarisira, yakabudiswa muna 2011.
Cherechedza: Vamwe vashandi vanogona kunge vane zvinyorwa zvakasiyana. Kune avo vanoda kupa ruzivo asi havana purogiramu munzvimbo, vachirumbidza kuti kambani iongorore maitiro eWPATH ekutarisira angave nzvimbo yakanaka yekutanga. Yeuka kuti mitemo yekuchengetedza ndiyo mitemo-iyo inotaura zvakajeka kuti zvakakodzera kugadzirisa zvinotendwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
Miitiro Yokuchengetera Bofu Kugadziriswa (Transmasculine) kana Breast Augmentation (Transfeminine)
- Kuramba, kwakanyatsoratidzwa zvepabonde dysphoria
- Kukwanisa kuita sarudzo yakasarudzwa uye kubvuma kurapwa
- Chero zvipi zvinokosha zvehutano kana zvepfungwa mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano zvinofanira kunge "zvakanyatsorongedzwa zvakanaka."
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti hormone therapy haina kudiwa nokuda kwekuvhiyiwa uku, iyo inonzi colloquially inonzi "chirwere chepamusoro." Gore rehomoni rinokurudzirwa kuvadzimai ve transgender, sezvo izvi zvichivabvumira kuti vawane zvakanyanya kuwanika kukura kwebonde pasina chirwere. Izvi, zvakare, zvinowedzera maitiro ekuvhiya.
Nokuda kwevanhu vakadarika, hapana mahomoni anodiwa kana kukurudzirwa. Izvi ndezvekuti pane nhamba yevanhu vanopinda mumashambadziri avo vanongova dysphoric pamusoro pezvipfuva zvavo. Izvi ndezvokuti pane zvikonzero zvakawanda, zvose zvepanyama uye zvepfungwa, nei vanhu vakasarudza kuvhiyiwa kwepamusoro pasina kushandisa hormone.
Miitiro Yekutarisira Orchiectomy, Hysterectomy, uye Ovariectomy
- Kuramba, kwakanyatsoratidzwa zvepabonde dysphoria
- Kukwanisa kuita sarudzo yakasarudzwa uye kubvuma kurapwa
- Chero zvipi zvinokosha zvehutano kana zvepfungwa mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano zvinofanira "kutongedzwa zvakanaka."
- Kwemwedzi gumi nemaviri inopfuurira yeHodmone therapy yakakodzera, kunze kwekunge pane zvikonzero nei murwere asingagoni kana kutora mahomoni. Chinangwa chechirevo ichi ndechokuti varwere vanokwanisa kuona hutachiona hunochinja huripo vasati vadzivirirwa.
Kuvhiya kuti ubvise gonads (testes, maevari) uye chibereko chinogona kuitwa pachavo, uye pamwe chete nedzimwe chiratidzo chekusimbisa kwevakadzi. Kubvisa gonads ndoga kunobatsira kuderedza huwandu hwehupombwe hwema-hormone therapy inotarisirwa kuwana zvigumisiro.
Kubvisa chibereko uye / kana chivhadziro kunobvisa kudiwa kwekuongororwa kwezvikamu izvozvo. Avo vanoongorora kuongororwa kunogona kukonzera dysphoria uye kusagadzikana mune vakawanda vanodarika varume.
Mitemo Yekutarisira Neovaginoplasty, Phalloplasty, kana Metoidoplasty / Metaidoioplasty
- Kuramba, kwakanyatsoratidzwa zvepabonde dysphoria
- Kukwanisa kuita sarudzo yakasarudzwa uye kubvuma kurapwa
- Chero zvipi zvinokosha zvehutano kana zvepfungwa mamiriro ezvinhu ehutano zvinofanira "kutongedzwa zvakanaka."
- 12 mwedzi inopfurikidza yeyakakodzera hormone therapy, kunze kwekunge pane zvikonzero nei murwere asingakwanisi kana kutora mahomoni
- 12 mwedzi inopfuurira yekurarama muhutano hwevakadzi pamwe chete nehutano hwavo
Iboka iri rekuvhiya rinoshandiswa kugadzira genitalia inobvumirana nehutano hwehutano. Chirevo chegore rekugara mune zvepabonde ndeyekuti vanachiremba vakawanda vanotenda kuti iyo ndiyo nguva yakakwana yevanhu kuti vachinje zvavanoda kuita zvepabonde vasati vasangana nekuvhiyiwa kwakaoma, kunodhura, uye kusingagadziriswi.
Pamusana pekugadzikana kwepanyama uye kwepfungwa dzekuvhiya uku, zvinokurudzirwa kwazvo kuti varwere vanovatsvaga vanogara vachishanyira mupfungwa yepfungwa kana yehutano. Shure kwokuvhiya uku kunogona kuva nekunetseka mupfungwa uye kwakaoma. Iko kunonyanya kukoshesa vakadzi ve transgender vane nhoroondo yekushungurudzika kwepabonde, avo vanoita kuti vashandise zvinogona kudikanwa zvakakosha. Kuderedza nguva dzose kunodiwa mushure mekusikwa kweNeovagina kudzivisa zvinetso.
Mitemo Yekutarisira Kuchipfuva Chekudzivirira Kwemadzimai
Hapana hurumende inotungamirirwa nekuvhiyiwa kwechikadzi. Yakave yakanyanya kuoma zvikuru kuwana iyi nzira yakafukidzwa nenishuwarenzi, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekutsvakurudza pamusoro pezvipo. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vave vachikwanisa kubudirira kuburikidza nekukakavara kuti zvakafanana nemishonga inokosha sekuvhiyiwa kwepabonde uye ine zvakaenzana nemigumisiro yehupenyu hwehupenyu.
Kunzwisisa Zvinyorwa Zvinotarisirwa neMitemo Yekutarisira
Kuratidza kuti munhu "anoramba achinyatsorongedza dysphoria zvepabonde" kazhinji anoda tsamba kubva kumutsigiri wehutano hwepfungwa achitaura kuti munhu wacho anogadzirisa zviyero zvehutano dysphoria uye nguva yakareba iyo yakave yechokwadi. Tsamba iyi inowanzovawo nhoroondo yemamiriro ehutano hwepabonde-mune zvinyorwa zvakasiyana siyana. Mukuwedzera, tsamba yacho inofanira kureva kuti mutengi ave achishanda nemurwere kwenguva yakareba sei.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mamwe maitiro anoda zvinetso zvehutano uye zvepfungwa kuti zvirongedzwe zvakanaka, asi vamwe vanongoda kuti vanyatsorongedzwa zvakanaka. Zvinyorwa zveizvi kazhinji zviri mumhando yebhii kubva kumunhu anoshanda. Tsamba iyi inofanira kunge iine ruzivo nezvemamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu, kuti mamiriro acho ari kutungamirirwa sei, uye kwenguva yakareba chiremba ari kushanda nemurwere. Zvakanaka, mazwi "akachengetedzwa zvakanaka" kana kuti "anorongeka zvakanaka" anofanira kushandiswa mumutsamba, sezvakakodzera. Izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune vapeki uye makambani einishuwarenzi kuti aone kuti mamiriro ehutano hwekutarisirwa akaitwa.
Nenzira, hutano hwepfungwa hahuri kupesana kwekusimbisa kuvimbiswa kwevakadzi. Kutaura zvazviri, maitiro aya anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvevanhu vazhinji vevanhu vanodarika uye vamwe vane chirwere chepabonde. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kwete kungofunganya uye kuora mwoyo asi kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakomba zvakadai sa psychosis.
Shoko Rinobva
Kuwana inshuwarisi yekuvhara kwehutano kuvimbiswa chirwere kunogona kuva chinetso chinogumbura. Inogona kubatsira kugadzirira nekodha yemirayiridzo yeWPATH uye chero mapepa ekutsvakurudza akakodzera kutsigira zvinangwa zvako. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kana zvikabatanidza kuvhiyiwa zvimwe kunze kwezvakanyorwa pamusoro apa.
Mukuwedzera, inogona kunge iri pfungwa yakanaka yekusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yehutano yeHGBT, kana iwe une imwe, kuti ubatsirwe. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehutano dziri kuve ikozvino dzichishandisa vashambadzi vevarwere ve transgender vane ruzivo rwakawanda nehutano hwehushuwarisi. Vanogona kunge vane ruzivo rwakakura, sezvakangoita vatsigiri vevashandi muhofisi yako yechiremba-kana akava nazvo. Pakupedzisira, magwaro emagariro eHGBTQ nemagariro emunharaunda anowanzowedzera miganhu yekubatsira kana maawa ekufambira apo vanhu vanogona kutsvaga ruzivo.
> Sources:
> Ainsworth TA, Spiegel JH. Unhu hwehupenyu hwevanhu vane uye vasina chirwere chepachiviri chekuvhima kana kuvhiyaniswa kwevakadzi pabonde. Qual Life Res. 2010 Sep; 19 (7): 1019-24. doi: 10.1007 / s11136-010-9668-7.
> James, SE, Herman, JL, Rankin, S., Keisling, M., Mottet, L., & Anafi, M. (2016). Nhoroondo ye 2015 US Transgender Survey. Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality.
> Meijer JH, Eeckhout GM, van Vlerken RH, Vries AL. Gender Dysphoria uye Co-Existing Psychosis: Ongororo uye Nyaya Nhatu Mienzaniso yebudiriro Gender Affirmative Treatment. LGBT Utano. 2017 Apr; 4 (2): 106-114. doi: 10.1089 / lgbt.2016.0133.
> World World Assocation yeTransgender Health (2011). Miitiro yekuchengetedza Utano hweTranssex, Transgender, uye Gender Isingadikanwi Vanhu. 7th version. www.wpath.org