A heuristic ndiyo mutemo wegunwe kana kuti nzira shoma yepfungwa inobvumira vanhu kukurumidza kuita zvisarudzo uye kugadzirisa zvinetso. Pane mazita akawanda eheuristics anoshandiswa pakugadzirisa uye kuongorora kushandiswa kwemashandisirwo emabhuku ehutano emagetsi (EHRs). Nyaya iyi ichadzorera Jakob Nielsen "10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design" uye kupa mienzaniso yekuti heuristics inogona kuonekwa sei kana kuputsika mune EHR.
1. Kuonekwa kweGadziriro yeHurumende
"Nzira yacho inofanira kugara ichichengetedza vashandi kuti vazive chii chiri kuitika, kuburikidza nemhinduro yakakodzera munguva yakakodzera."
Heuristic yakati: EHR inopinza mutambo wekugadzira chiremba wekombiyuta (CPOE) -kutumira mishonga yemagetsi kune imwe mishonga, semuenzaniso-EHR inoratidza chimiro chekuendesa kwehutano. IEHR inorayira mushumiri kana kutapurirwa kwakakundikana.
Heuristic yakarambidza: EHR haina kuratidza maitiro ehutano, kuitira kuti mushumiri haagoni kugona kana chirongwa chakatumirwa kubudirira kana kwete.
2. Kuenzanisa Pakati Pemaitiro uye Nyika Yechokwadi
"Nzira yacho inofanira kutaura mutauro wevashandisi, nemashoko, mabhesi uye pfungwa dzinozivikanwa kumushandisi, panzvimbo yemagadzirirwo emitemo. Tevera chaiyo-nyika magungano, kuita kuti ruzivo ruonekwe mune zvakasikwa uye zvinonzwisisika. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: Mishonga yemishonga inowanikwa mumitambo yemitambo yezvinhu, seenzaniso "Lisinopril 20 mg kamwe kamwe pamuromo nemuromo."
Heuristic yakarambidza: Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa hazvisi zvekuita.
Heuristic yakaratidza kuti: Zvirongwa zvinotungamirirwa neTemplate (yekuti kuongorora kwehurongwa, kuongorora muviri) zvinoratidzirwa muchidimbu uye mutauro unozivikanwa kuvaniniki.
Heuristic yakarambidza: Zvinhu zvakabuda kunze.
3. Kudzora kweVashandi uye Rusununguko
"Vashandi vanowanzosarudza maitiro emabasa nekukanganisa uye vachada kuratidzwa zvakajeka kuti" kunze kwekukurumidzira "kusiya nyika isingadi kunze kwekunge uwane nhaurirano yakawedzerwa. Tsigira kubvisa uye kudzorerazve. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: EHR inobvumira mushandisi kugadzirisa, kuongorora, kuchengetedza, uye kubvisa kuchinja kusina kuchengetedzwa kuCPOE uye mapepa emakiriniki asati apedzisa.
Heuristic yakaputsa: EHR haibvumiri mutengi kuchinja mberi CPOE uye zvinyorwa zvemakirini zvakagadziridzwa.
4. Kubatana uye Ctandards
"Vashandi havafanire kushamisika kana mazwi akasiyana, mamiriro, kana zviito zvinoreva chinhu chimwe chete. Tevedzera magungano epa platform. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: EHR inopa imwe chete nzira yekuita imwe CPOE (kunyange zvazvo musikana angakwanisa kuwana nzira kubva munzira dzakawanda).
Heuristic yakarambidza: EHR inopa maitiro eku "re-order" uye "kuvandudza" mishonga pasina kutsanangura mutsauko (kana pane kusiyana kupi) pakati pezviviri.
Heuristic yakaratidza: EHR inoratidza zvakajeka kuti nzira dzakasiyana sei dzokusarudza dambudziko rezvehutano kubva pane menyu (eg hypertension) ichaisa dambudziko pamagariro ezvakaitika kare zvechiremba, zvinetso zvinoshanda, ikozvino kuongororwa, kana kubhadhara zvirwere.
Heuristic yakaputsa: EHR haina kuratidza zvakajeka kuti nzira dzakasiyana dzekusarudza dambudziko rezvoutano dzinoisa sei dambudziko muzvikamu zvakasiyana.
5. Kukanganisa Kudzivirira
"Kunyange zviri nani kudarika shoko rakanaka rekukanganisa inzira yakangwarira iyo inodzivisa dambudziko kuti rirege kuitika pakutanga. Zvichida kubvisa mamiriro ezvinhu asina kukanganisa kana kutarisa ivo uye vashandisi vemazuva ano nechisarudzo chisati chaita vasati vazvipira kune chiito. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: EHR inoongorora kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka-zvinodhaka uye kuratidza mazano anokosha pakutanga kwekugadzirisa.
Heuristic yakarambidza: EHR inoratidza nyevero yekushandisa kwezvinodhaka-zvinodhaka munguva pfupi, izvo zvinoita kuti zviitike kuti chiremba achavakunda (Hayward 2013).
Heuristic yakati: EHR haibvumiri mutengi kusarudza mishonga yemagetsi yemishonga iyo maparamendi asingagamuchiri mishonga yemagetsi (eg, zvinhu zvinodzora).
Heuristic yakarambidza: EHR inobvumira musarudzo kusarudza magetsi ekutengeswa kwezvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvinodzorwa.
6. Kuyeuka Pane Kuyeuka
"Deredza kusarura kwemushandisi wemunhu nekuita zvinhu, zviito, uye zvisarudzo zvinooneka. Mushandisi haafaniri haafaniri kuyeuka mashoko kubva kune imwe chikamu chekukurukurirana kune imwe. Mirayiridzo yekushandiswa kwegadziriro inofanira kuonekwa kana kuwanikwa nyore nyore chero nguva yakakodzera. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: EHR inoratidza mhinduro yekuedza pamwe chete nehwindo yekunyora mharidzo kumurwere pamusoro pemigumisiro yekuedza.
Heuristic yakarambidza: EHR inodzivirira kushandiswa kwevashandi pakuona zviratidzo zvekuedza kana vachigadzira mharidzo kumurwere.
7. Kugadzikana uye Kubudirira kweKushandisa
"Accelerators-isingaoneki nemudhivhisi-ingangowanzosimudzira kushamwaridzana kwevashandi vezvidzidzo zvakadai kuti iyo inogona kubatsira kune vose vasina ruzivo uye vane ruzivo. Rega vashandisi kuti vaite zviito zvinowanzoitika. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: Mushandisi weEHR anogona kugadzira uye kuchinja "zvishuwo" zvinyorwa zvinowanzodiwa.
Heuristic yakarambidza: Hapana mavara mazita.
8. Aesthetic uye Minimalist Design
"Nhaurirano haifaniri kunge ine mashoko asingazivikanwi kana asingadikanwi. Zvose zvinyorwa zvedzimwe ruzivo muhurukuro inopikisana nemakamuri akakodzera ehuruzivo uye inoderedza kuonekwa kwehama yavo. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: EHR inogadzirisa kukwanisa kukodha-kunyora inowedzera manotsi.
Heuristic yakarambidza: EHR inobvumira kopi-yakanyanyisa, uye mapurogiramu epfuuriro anowedzeswa nemashoko akawandisa , akabuda nguva .
9. Batsira Vashandi Kuziva, Kuziva, uye Kuwana Kubva Pazvikanganiso
"Kukanganisa kwemashoko kunofanira kuratidzwa mumutauro wakajeka (pasina magwaro), kunyatsoratidzira dambudziko, uye zvinokurudzira kugadzirisa mhinduro."
Heuristic akacherechedza: Kana kliniki inopinda mazano nenzira yakashata, EHR akangwarira inoratidza kuti mafaira anofanira kushandiswa sei.
Heuristic yakarambidza: EHR inoratidzira shoko risina kukanganisa risina kuudza mutanhi nzira yekugadzirisa kukanganisa.
10. Kubatsira uye Zvinyorwa
"Kunyange zvazvo zviri nani kana hurongwa hwacho hunogona kushandiswa pasina magwaro, zvingada kugovera rubatsiro uye zvinyorwa. Chero ruzivo rwakadaro runofanira kuva nyore kutsvaga, ruchifunga nezvebasa romushandi, nyora matanho chaiwo aunofanira kuitwa, uye usingave mukuru. "
Heuristic akacherechedza: EHR inoratidzira mazano-mazano chaiwo kana munhu anoshandisa mifananidzo pamusoro pemifananidzo.
Heuristic yakakanganisa: Zvinyorwa hazvisi nyore kuti zviwanike munzvimbo yekushanda inoshanda muEHR.
Sources
Armijo D, McDonnell C, Werner K. Electroniki Utano Kugona Kushandiswa: Kuongorora nekushandisa Nyaya Yenyaya. AHRQ Publication Nha. 09 (10) -0091-1-EF. Rockville, MD: Sangano rekuongorora kwehutano nehutano. October 2009.
Hayward J et al. 'Zvakawanda, zvakanyanyisa': yakavhenganiswa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudhikodha rekuona kuongororwa kwekombiyuta zvirongwa zvekutsigira sarudzo uye GP inorondedzera. J Ndiudze Inoshu 2013; 0: 1-9. doi: 10.1136 / amiajnl-2012-001484.
Nielsen J. 10 Usability Heuristics for User Interface Design.