Utano hwekuongororwa kwehutano chinhu chikamu chinokosha chekurapa. Kuchengetedza kunogona kutora mhando dzemibvunzo yakajeka, mabvunzo, mabhidhiyo, reyeroology (mienzaniso, ultrasound , X-ray) kana nzira (semuedzo wekutambudza). Asi nekuda kwekuti muedzo unopiwa nekuda kwekuongorora, hazvirevi kuti kuongorora kuongorora kwakanaka. Kushandura kwekwenyanzvi kunokosha asi hakukwanisi kuongorora kuongorora.
Kubatanidzwa kwekuyera kwakanaka, zvirwere, chirwere chepachiremba uye kurapa kunoita chirongwa chekuongorora hutano.
Kurapa vs. vs. Screening Exam
Chirwere chekurapa chinogona kuitwa nokuda kwekuongororwa kana kuongorora, zvichienderana nokuti murwere ane zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvine chokuita nechirwere chiri mubvunzo.
Chinangwa chekuongororwa kwechirwere chekurapa ndechekusimbisa kuvapo kana kusavapo kwezvirwere mumunhu ane zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvechirwere. Chiyero chekuongororwa chinogona kuitwawo kuti uite zvinoenderana nekuongorora kuongorora. Izvi zvinotevera mienzaniso yekuongororwa mutsva:
- Kushushikana kwepfungwa kunotarisa chirwere chemwoyo mumunhu ane kurwadziwa kwepfupa
- Chifukidzo che X-ray kutsvaga pneumonia mumunhu ane chifuva uye fever
- Kuzara kwehuwandu hwekutsvaga ropa kunotarisa chirwere chekushaya ropa mune munhu ane kuneta
- Brep biopsy mumunhu ane kushamisa kusinganisa mammogram
Chinangwa chekuongorora kuongorora ndekuona chirwere chisati chave zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvichionekwa kuitira kuti utange kurapwa nguva pfupi.
Izvi zvinotevera mienzaniso yekuongorora kuongororwa kunotsigirwa neUnited States Preventive Services Task Force:
- Colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, kana chigaro chekuongorora kuongorora kanzira yakawanda muvanhu vakuru makore makumi mashanu kana kupfuura avo vasina zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zvechirwere.
- Kuongororwa kweHIV muvechiri kuyaruka uye vakuru vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika ku65 vasina zviratidzo kana zviratidzo zveHIV.
- Kuedza kworudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga muhuwandu hwevanhu vakuru nehutachiona hwehutano hwehupenyu (hunobatwa kana husina kutorwa) hunopfuura 135/80 mm Hg
- Kuongororwa kwechirwere chetachiona chirwere muzvitsva
Kuongorora miedzo kunogara ichivandudzwa kuti kuwedzere rutivi rwekudzivirirwa. Semuenzaniso, munyaya yekenza yemukomana-iyo inokonzerwa nepapillomavirus yevanhu (HPV) -kuona zvakajeka zvino kunogona kutsigirwa nekuongorora kuonekwa kwePap pamwe chete neHIVV DNA test. Zviitiko zvekudzidza zvenguva pfupi zvinoratidza kuti kuongorora kweHIVV kunonyanya kunzwisisika. Nyanzvi dzakawanda, saka, dzinopikisa kuti dzinofanira kunge dzichinyanya kuongorora teknolojia.
Chii Chinounza Kuongorora Kuyera Zvakanaka?
Chero bedzi nokuti tine muedzo wakaoma kuti tione chirwere kana kusaremara, izvo hazvirevi kuti kuedza kwakakodzera kuongorora. Somuenzaniso, muviri wose-imaging scan scan ichaona kusakwana kwehuzhinji hwevanhu, asi hahukurudzirwi sekuongorora kuongorora kwevanhu vane utano hwakanaka. Chiongorori chakakodzera chete kuongorora kana zvichiitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, izvo zvinobatanidza mibvunzo pamusoro pehosha yacho pachayo, vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere, uye kurapa kunoonekwa.
Wilson naJungner vakatsanangura nzira yekuita purogiramu yakanaka yokuongorora muhurongwa wavo unokosha muna 1968 pepa.
World Health Organization yakagamuchira izvi gumi zvinoshandiswa izvo zvichiri kushanda senheyo yezvizhinji zvehurukuro dzakapoteredza zvirongwa zvekuongorora zvinyorwa nhasi.
- Mamiriro akatsvaga anofanira kunge ari dambudziko rehutano hunokosha.
- Panofanira kuva neyakagamuchirwa kurapwa kune varwere vane chirwere chakazivikanwa.
- Zvigadzirwa zvekuongororwa uye kurapa zvinofanira kuwanikwa.
- Panofanira kuva nekuonekwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira kana kuti ekutanga.
- Panofanira kuva nekodzero yakakodzera kana kuongorora.
- Muedzo unofanirwa kugamuchirwa kuvanhu.
- Nhoroondo yepanyama yemamiriro acho ezvinhu, kusanganisira kukura kubva kubva kune dzimwe nguva kusvika pakuzivisa zvirwere, inofanira kunge yakanzwisiswa zvakakwana.
- Panofanira kuva nehutano hwakabvumirana kune uyo anofanira kurapa sevarwere.
- Mari yekutora mhosva (kusanganisira kuongororwa uye kurapwa kwevarwere vanowanikwa) inofanira kunge yakagadzikana mune zvehupfumi maererano nekukwanisa kushandiswa kwemishonga pakuchengetwa kwehutano sezvakazara.
- Kuongororwa kwekodzero kunofanira kunge kuri kupfuurira uye kwete basa re "kamwe uye rose"
Cherechedza kuti zvinongoratidzwa pamusoro apa hazvirevi kuedza pachedu, asi pane mamiriro ekushandiswa kwairi kushandiswa. Kana kunyange imwe yeiyo nzira isingasviki, ipapo mikana yakaderera iyo kupiwa kuongorora kuongorora kunovandudza utano hwehuwandu hwevanhu.
Kuchinja Kwekuongorora Zviratidzo
Wilson naJungner havana kuronga kuti maitiro avo anotsanangurwa ave mhinduro yekupedzisira, asi pane kukurudzira kukurukurirana. Teknolojia inoramba ichienderera mberi, ichibvumira kuti tione zvirwere zvakawanda uye zvekare kare. Asi kuonekwa kwechirwere kana kusakosha hakusi nguva dzose hunovandudza hutano. (Somuenzaniso, chii chinobatsira kuongorora chirwere kana pasina kuraswa?) Zvirongwa zvekuongorora zvakanatswa zvakagadziridzwa izvo zvingarondedzera zvinetso zvehutano nhasi.
Genetic screening iri kuvawo nzvimbo inokosha yekufambira mberi, kusanganisira kuongorora kusati kwatanga. Zviverengera zvirwere zvemajeni zviripo zvino, uye vanyori vekuchengetedza vekutanga vanogona kukwanisa kurayira varwere vavo kuitira kuti vagone kuita sarudzo dzakasarudzwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinonyevera kuti maitiro ekuberekwa haafaniri kutorwa. Varwere vanoda kuziva zvikomborero uye njodzi vasati vatora. Uyezve, vanhu vane ngozi yakawanda yekuvandudza mamwe mararamiro angangobatsira zvingabatsire nekutaura kune zvimwe zvikamu zvehutano hwavo, zvakadai sekudya, chikafu chezvinhu zvakasikwa, nekuita muviri.
Mubvunzo unokosha unobvunzwa usati wagamuchira chero upi zvaunoedza kuti uongorore zvirongwa ndezvekuti "Kuongorora kuongorora kunotungamirira kuhutano huri nani huri nani here?"
> Sources:
> Anne Andermann et al. Kudzokorora Wilson naJungner muGenomic Age: Kuongorora Kwekuongorora Kuongorora Kwemakore 40 Akare. Bulletin yeWorld Health Organization 2008; 86 (4): 241-320.
> Harris R et al. Kuyeuka mazano ekuongorora kujekeswa kwezvirongwa zvekuongorora maitiro: Reflections Kubvira 4 Mazuva Ano uye Nhengo Dzekare dzeUnited Preventive Services Task Force. Epidemiol Rev (2011) 33 (1): 20-35.
> Tota J, Bentley J, Ratnam S, et al. Nhanganyaya yeMorecular HPV Kuongororwa seChina Chekombiki muCervical Cancer Screening: Kubata paUchapupu hweKushandura Paradigm yemazuva ano. Preventive Medicine , 2017; 98 (Nyaya Inokosha: Kuwedzera Paradigms muCervical Cancer Screening): 5-14.
> US Preventive Services Task Force. USPSTF A uye B Mazano. Wilson JMG uye Jungner G. Mazano uye tsika yekuongorora zvirwere. Public Health Papers Nha. 34. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1968.