Drones kana zvisingatauriki zvimotokari (UAVs) zviri kubuda sechigadzirwa chechirwere chitsva chinogona kubatsira kuderedza matambudziko ekugadzirisa uye kuita kuti kugoverwa kwehutano kuwane nyore. Nyanzvi dziri kutarisa zvakasiyana-siyana zvingashandiswa zvinonzi drones, kubva pakutakura rubatsiro rwekuyamura dambudziko kuti atakure nhengo dzekuchera uye ropa samples. Drones vane simba rokutakura payloads ine mwero uye vanogona kuendesa nokukurumidza kusvika kwavanoenda.
Zvikomborero zvekambanikiti yekuenzanisa nekuenzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzokufambisa dzinosanganisira kudzivisa kufamba mumigwagwa yakawanda, kudzivisa nzira dzakaipa dzemugwagwa umo nzvimbo yacho yakaoma kufamba uye nekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakashata dzinofamba munyika dzakaparadzwa. Kunyange zvazvo drones ichiri kushandiswa zvisina kunaka mumamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa uye mabasa ekuyamura, zvipo zvavo zvave zvichiwedzera kuzivikanwa. Semuenzaniso, munguva yenjodzi yaFukushima ya2011 muJapan, dhoni yakatangwa munzvimbo iyi. Yakanyatsochengetedza mashizha emhepo muchokwadi chaiyo-nguva, zvichibatsira nekuronga hurongwa hwekuita. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mushure mokunge Hurricane Harvey, 43 drone operators vakagamuchirwa neFederal Aviation Administration kuti vabatsire nekugadzirisa kushanda uye sangano remashoko.
Ambulance Drones iyo Inogona Kununura Defibrillators
Sechikamu chepurogiramu yake yekupedza kudzidza, Alec Momont weDelft University of Technology muNetherlands akagadzira dhoni inogona kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu epanguva yakaoma panguva yechiitiko chomwoyo.
Dhawoni yake isingazivikanwi inotakura midziyo yezvokurapa inokosha, kusanganisira duku kudonhedzera.
Kana zvasvika pakudzoka zvakare, kusvika panguva yakakodzera panzvimbo yekukurumidzira kunowanzotora chikonzero. Kutevera kusungwa kwemwoyo, uropi hunoitika mukati maminitsi mana kusvika matanhatu, saka hapana nguva yekurasikirwa. Emergency services response response nguva inenge inenge maminitsi 10, uye zvinosuruvarisa chete hupfumi kubva muzana yevanhu vane chirwere chemwoyo vanopona.
Momont's drone drone inogona kuchinja zvikuru maitiro ekupona kwepfungwa. Iyo ndege yake inofambisa zvishoma ine simba inorema 4 kilogiramu (8 pounds) uye inogona kubhururuka kunenge makiromita 100 / h (62 mph). Kana zvakarongeka zviri mumaguta akaoma, zvinogona kusvika kune chinangwa chacho kuenda nokukurumidza. Icho chinotevera mumiririri wechirangaridzo yefoni achishandisa teknolojia yeGPS uye yakagadzirirwawo webcam. Kushandisa webcam webasa, vashandi vebasa rekukurumidzira vanogona kuva nehupenyu huri nani kune wese ari kubatsira munhu anenge atambudzwa. Muteereri wekutanga panzvimbo yepaiti anopiwa ne defibrillator uye anogona kurayirirwa pamusoro pokuti angashandise sei chigadzirwa uyewo kuziviswa pane dzimwe nzira kuti aponese hupenyu hwomunhu anenge achida.
Chidzidzo chakaitwa nevatsvakurudzi vanobva kuKalinsinska Institute uye The Royal Institute of Technology muStockholm, kuSweden, vakaratidza kuti mumaruwa, drone-yakafanana neyakagadzirwa naMamont-yasvika nokukurumidza kudarika mishonga yepamusoro yehutano muna 93 muzana yematambudziko uye inogona kuchengetedza Maminitsi 19 emakore paavhareji. Mumaguta ekumaguta, drone yakazosvika munzvimbo yekumanikidzwa kwemoyo kusati kwasvika ambulensi mu 32 muzana yematambudziko, ichichengetedza 1.5 maminitsi emakore pachiyero. Chidzidzo cheSweden chakatorawo kuti nzira yakachengeteka yekusunungura yakazvigadzirirwa kunze kwekudzivirira-chengetedza ndeyekuderedza dhoni pavhu rakadzika, kana, zvakare, kuti isunungure iyo defibrillator kubva pasi yakakwirira.
Nzvimbo yeChidzidzo cheDheone paBard College yakawana kuti mabasa ekukurumidzira kushandiswa kwedrones ndiyo nzvimbo inokurumidza kukura ye drone application. Iko kune, zvisinei, kukanganisa kuri kunyorwa apo drones inopinda mumhinduro dzekukurumidzira. Somuenzaniso, drones yakavhiringidza kuedza kwevadziviriri vemoto vachirwisana nemapurazi eCalifornia muna 2015. Ndege shoma inogona kuyamwa mumotokari dzejet ndege shoma dzinobhururuka, zvichiita kuti ndege dzese dziparare. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) iri kukura nekuvandudza mirayiridzo nemitemo yekudzivirira kushandiswa kwakachengeteka uye kwepamutemo kweUAVs, kunyanya muhupenyu nekufa.
Kupa Mobile Phone yako Wings
SenseLab, weChristian University muCrete, Greece, akauya mugore rechitatu muna 2016 Drones for Good Award, mushumo weUAE-pasi rose nevatambi vanopfuura 1 000. Kupinda kwavo kwakagadzira nzira itsva yekushandura smartphone yako mu mini drone iyo inogona kubatsira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. A smartphone inowanikwa kune muenzaniso we drone unogona, somuenzaniso, unongotanga kuenda kune imwe mishonga uye unopa insulin kumunhu ari kutambudzika.
Iyo foni-drone ine pfungwa ina dzinokosha: 1) inowana rubatsiro; 2) inounza mishonga; 3) inonyora nzvimbo yekutaurirana uye inoshuma zvinyorwa kune yakatarwa rondedzero yevatori; uye 4) inobatsira vashandi pakuwana nzira yavo kana vakarasika.
Nyoka yakachenjera ndeye imwe chete yeSenseLab's advanced projects. Vari kutsvakurudza mamwe maitiro anobatsira eUAVs zvakare, zvakadai sekubatanidza drones kune biosensor kune munhu ane matambudziko ehutano uye kuunza mhinduro yekukurumidza kana hutano hwomunhu huchikurumidza kupera.
Vatsvakurudzi vari kuongorora kushandiswa kwemadrones ekutumira uye kupikira mabasa kune varwere vane zvirwere zvisingaperi zvinogara mumaruwa. Iboka iri revarwere rinowanzodikanwa nguva dzose kuongorora uye mishonga yekugadzirisa. Drones anogona kuchengetedza mishonga nekuchengetedza mitsara yekuongorora, yakadai semukombe uye sampu yeropa, kuderedza kunze kwemari yekushandisa mari uye mari yekurapa pamwe nekuderedza kushungurudzwa kune vanochengeta.
Ko Drones Inogona Kutora Sensitive Biological Samples?
MuUnited States, drones yezvechiremba haifaniri kuongororwa zvakanyanya. Somuenzaniso, humwe humwe hunodiwa hunodiwa pamigumisiro iyo ndege iri pane zvidzidzo zvakaoma uye mishonga yemishonga. Vatsvakurudzi veJohn Hopkins vakapa humwe humwe uchapupu hwokuti zvinhu zvakaoma, zvakadai sezvikamu zvemuropa, zvinogona kuchengetedzwa zvakakwana nedrones. Dhiyabhorosi Kien Amukele, muongorori wepashure pehupupuriro-hwe-gadziriro yekuongorora, ainetseka nezvekuwedzerwa kwe drone nekukwira. Kubatanidza kufamba kunogona kuparadza masero eropa uye kuita samples kusingagoneki. Nenguva isipi, zviitiko zveAmukele zvakaratidza kuti ropa harina kubatwa kana rakatakurwa muUAV duku kwemaminitsi makumi mana. Iko sampuli dzakanga dzakatumidzwa dzakafananidzwa nemasero asina-flown, uye maitiro avo emuedzo haana kusiyana zvakanyanya. Amukele akaita imwe muedzo umo ndege yacho yakawedzerwa, uye drone yakafukidza makiromita 258 (makiromita 258), akatora maawa matatu. Iri raiva rekodha rekare rekutakura sampu dzezvechiremba uchishandisa drone. Iva sampura dzaifamba murenje reArizona uye dzakachengetwa mumba yekutenderedzwa-kutaridzika, iyo yakachengetedza sampu pakushambidzwa kwekushandisa uchishandisa magetsi kubva ku drone. Yakazotevera kubvunzurudzwa kwebhuku yakaratidza kuti svondo dzakatenderera dzaienzaniswa nekusina kutenderera. Pakanga pane zvishoma zvakasiyana zvakaratidzwa mu glucose uye kuverenga kwe potassium, asi izvi zvinogona kuwanikwawo nedzimwe nzira dzekutakura uye dzinogona kunge dziri nekuda kwekushayikwa kwekutarisa kwekushisa pane zvisiri izvo zvinoyerera.
Hondo yaJohn Hopkins ikozvino inoronga chidzidzo chekufambisa ndege muAfrica iyo isiri pedyo nekambani yebazi-saka zvichibatsirwa nehutano hwemazuva ano hwehutano. Zvichipa kukwira kwebasa re drone, chigadzirwa chacho chinogona kukunda kune dzimwe nzira dzokutakura, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri kure uye dzisina kusimbiswa. Uyezve, kutengesa drones kuri kuita kuti vasanyanya kudhura kana vachienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira dzokufambisa dzisina kuchinja nenzira imwechete. Drones angaguma ave shanduko yemasikirini yehutano yehutano, kunyanya kune avo vakagadziriswa nemagariro edzimba.
Vatsvakurudzi vanoverengeka vashanduri vave vachishanda pamagadzirirwo ekugadzirisa zvinogona kubatsira kutora drones mune zvekurima. Mashoko aya anokwanisa kubatsira vabatsiri pavanogadzirisa mhinduro dzekukurumidza. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kukwidzika kwebhururu re drone kunosimudzira mari yebasa racho, asi kuwedzera kukurumidza kwedone kunowedzera kuderedza mari uye kunowedzera nzvimbo yebasa re drone.
Makambani akasiyana-siyana ari kuongorora nzira dze drones kuunganidza simba kubva kumhepo uye zuva. Dhizimisi rinobva kuViamamen University kuChina uye University of Western Sydney muAustralia irikudziridza shanduro yekushandura nzvimbo dzakawanda uchishandisa imwe UAV. Kunyanya, ivo vanofarira kugadziriswa kwekutakura ropa, vachifunga zvinhu zvakasiyana zvakadai sokurema kweropa, kutonhora uye nguva. Zvavakawana zvinogona kushandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo pamwe chete, somuenzaniso, kugadzirisa kutakura kwekushandisa kushandisa drone.
> Sources:
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> Kuongorora kweUnited States Drone Exemptions 2014-2015. Nzvimbo yekudzidza Drone paBad University. Kudzorerwa kubva ku http://dronecenter.bard.edu/analysis-us-drone-exemptions-14-15-2/
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