Wakambokanganwa kutora mishonga yako here? Kana kuti, wakamisa chirongwa chemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kare nokuti wakanga uchinzwa zviri nani? Kana hongu, iwe hausi woga. Nevanhu vanosvika 50 muzana yevanhu vasingatori mishonga yavo sezvavakarayirwa, kusungirirwa kwemishonga kwave chinhu chinetso chikuru kune hurongwa hwehutano hweUnited States.
Kuedza kwakawanda kwakapinda munzira itsva yekuvandudza kuterera kwedu, pamwe nehuwandu huwandu hwemadhigiri uye hutsika huripo pamusika.
Piritsi mabhosi, mameseji, uye mabhodhoro akashongedzerwa nechigadzirwa zvose zvinoshandiswa semagadzirirwo emagetsi ekuvandudza kushandiswa kwemishonga. Zvisinei, idzi nzira dzakanaka dzisati dzave dzichipa kukumanikidza, kusimbiswa uchapupu hwokuti munhu akazadza mishonga yavo.
Kuuya kwe "piritsi yakajeka" iyo yakabatanidzwa ne sensor ikozvino inopa nzira inoverengeka yekutevera zvinotevedza zvinodhaka. Iyi itsva yehutano tekombiji yakagamuchira zvakawanda zvezvesayenzi uye nhepfenyuro, pamwe nekuita kwevanhu kubva kuvanhu. Ko mapiritsi anogona kutumira ruzivo kubva muropa (kana kuti chirwere chekudya) inotsigira utano hwedu nenzira itsva here? Uye, pane pane zvingave zvakapoteredza mapiritsi aya matsva aya anofanirwa kuongororwa asati agamuchira iyi teknolojia itsva here?
FDA Inobvumira Dhigirii Yokutanga Dhijidhi
MunaNovember 2017, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yakabvumira mushonga wekutanga unodhidhi yekutsvaga tsvina.
Piritsi yakagamuchirwa inoitwa naOtsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Kubva munaJuly 2012, Otsuka ave achishanda neCalifornia kambani Proteus Digital Health kuti asunge mushonga wavo wekare unorwisa antiyychikiti Abilify (zita rechirwere re aripiprazole) ane chinonzi ingestible event marker (IEM) sensor. Iyo itsva chigadzirwa, Abilify MyCite, inogona kuona kana mushonga wacho watorwa.
Iyo yakagadzirirwa masero emhangura, magnesium, uye silicon-yakagadzirirwa kutumira chiratidzo chemagetsi kune imwe kunze kugamuchira kana piritsi inosanganiswa nemudumbu.
Mucherechedzi (iye zvino chikwata) akapfekedzwa kuruboshwe rudha. Chikamu chinotaurirana ne-smartphone app ngeBluetooth uye inopa ruzivo musi uye nguva iyo mushonga watorwa. Iyi ruzivo inogona kutumirwa kune boka revanhu vakasarudzwa (kusvika kune mana) zvichibva pamvumo yevashandi. Piritsi yemadhora yakawanda inotarisirwa inotarisirwa kuti ibude muna 2018 uye inogona kuteverwa nemimwe michina mujecha rekushandisa zvinodhaka.
Teknolojia yakagadzirwa neProteus yakashandiswa pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzemishonga, zvakare. Icho chinokanganisa (chinomiririra chero chero chinodhaka) chakagamuchirwa neDAA kare kare muna 2012. Chave chichishandiswa kugadzira mishonga yakagadziriswa senjere yehutachiona husingadzorwi uye chirwere chechirwere cheshuga. Zvirongwa zvokuyera kumira kune vanhu vane chirwere cheAlzheimer, hepatitis C uye avo vachangobva kubviswa kuchipatara zvakare zvakanyorwa. Abilify MyCite, saka, ndiyo chete inhengo yeProteus 'yemhuri yepiritsi yemapiritsi.
Zvechokwadi, sarudzo yeDFA yepiritsi yavo yekutanga yemavhidhiyo yakagamuchirwa yakashamisa dzimwe nyanzvi.
Abilify chirwere chinoshandiswa pakurapa zvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa, kusanganisira schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, uye kuora mwoyo. Vamwe vanoti Abilify mufomu yepiritsi yepiritsi haigoni kugamuchirwa zvakanaka nevanhu (avo vanototanga) vanoona zvikonzero uye vane manzwiro anoramba ari kutariswa kana kutambudzwa. Kupa kumunhu munhu ane zviratidzo zvechichichiphrenia kumedza piritsi inotumira zviratidzo kunze kwemuviri yavo inogona kuwedzera mamiriro avo ezvinhu. Nokudaro, kupiwa kwechiremba kuchave kwakakosha zvikuru kusimbisa kuti vanhu vanogona sei kubatsirwa kubva piritsi itsva yekutevera uye iyo inogona kukuvadzwa nayo.
Zviri nani Kuzvibata-kutarisira kana Biomedical Big Brother?
Kunyange zvazvo mapiritsi edijitori anogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha pamishonga yekuchengetedza mishonga (pamwe nemamiriro emuviri wemunhu pane dzimwe nguva) zvimwe zvinetso zvakasimudzirwa maererano nekushandiswa kwavo (semuenzaniso, maitiro, hupfumi uye kuchengeteka kwe data). Semuenzaniso, kana mishonga yemakambani inoratidzwa kune vanhu vasina simba rekunzwisisa zvose zvinokonzerwa nekugovana kwedhaka, kusundidzira rudzi urwu rwekombiyuta pavari kunogona kuonekwa sekumanikidzwa. Chimwe chiitiko chekushandisa kusinganzwisisiki kunosanganisira makambani einishuwarenzi anopa zvikurusa zvakakura zvepiritsi dzine sensens, kukurudzira vamwe vanhu kuti vasarudze mishonga yemagetsi iyo inenge ichiwedzera kushandiswa kuburikidza nekuteerera.
Izvo zvave zvataurwawo kuti mune ramangwana, mapiritsi edijitori anogona kuva mamiriro eparole. Vanokwanisawo kuva mamiriro ekudzikinurwa kubva kuchipatara-munhu anogona kufungidzira nyika iyo iwe waizoda kubvumirana kuti uone kurapa kwako kwemishonga usati wasunungurwa. Makambani akafanana neOtsuka anyoresa ruzivo rwezvirongwa zvakadaro. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kufanotaura kuti iyo teknolojia ichashandiswa sei mune ramangwana.
Amelia Montgomery anonyora mubhuku rinonzi Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment uye Technology Law kuti hazvisi pachena zvakare kuti mitemo yega yega inoshanda kune mapiritsi edijiti muUnited States. Montgomery inofungidzira kuti mapiritsi edijita haagoni kuiswa pasi pekuongororwa kweHealth Insurance Portability uye Accountability Act (HIPAA) sezvo inoshanda kune mamwe mashoko ehutano. Inowedzera kuoma kuongorora dhiyabhorosi. Nzwisisiro, yakadai seye yakagadzirwa naProteus, inokwanisa kutora yakawanda yedhesi pamusoro pomumwe munhu, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuratidza munhu nenzira iyo munhu angave asinganzwisisi.
Kupa vanhu chisarudzo
Nenzira yakanaka, maitiro akawanda ekuchengetedza akaiswa panzvimbo yekuderedza zvimwe zvekunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pemapiritsi ejedi. Semuenzaniso, mapiritsi aripo iye zvino akagadzirirwa kuitira kuti musikana ave nemasimba ekupedzisira pamusoro peavo ane ruzivo rwake rwekugoverana. Uyezve, mushandisi anogona kubvisa chibvumirano chero ipi zvayo pasina chikonzero. Uyewo, sezvo piritsi yepiritsi yekombiyuta inotsigira kune vanhu vakapfeka patch (kana mutumira), uyewo kushandisa shanduro ye smartphone, kubatanidzwa kwavo kunobva mukuda kwavo kushandisa zvishandiso izvi zvakare.
Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti kushandiswa kwepiritsi yemadhora kunofanira kunge kune mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, akadai semishonga yemishonga apo zvakakosha kuoneka kuti mishonga inotorwa nevatori vechikamu kuti kuwedzere kushanda kwekutsvakurudza. Kutaura zvazviri, kushandisa mapiritsi edijitori kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari yezvipatara, pamwe nekuvandudza kunyatsorurama. Zvinotarisirwa kuti mamwe mapoka evanhu angave akazarurirwa kushandisa mapiritsi emadhora. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vakwegura avo vakagadzirisa matambudziko ekufungidzira avo vangangodaro vakakanganwa kutora mishonga (kana kuitora kaviri) kunze kwekubatsirwa nehutachiona hwehutano.
Vamwe, zvisinei, vanopikisa kuti kuenzanisa kunofanirwa kukonzerwa pakati pekuchengetedza ruzivo uye kuregeredza munda wepiritsi yemapiritsi. Montgomery inotaura kuti njodzi kune vashandisi yakaderera kana ichienzaniswa nehutano, kuderedza mari uye hutano hwehutano huno hutaneti hutsva hunopa.
Chero bedzi kubvumirwa kwekubvumirana kunogadziriswa zvakanyanyisa pakuronga mapiritsi edijitari, zvakawanda zvehutano hwemagariro zvinogona kutarisirwa. Kana vashandisi vemapiritsi aya vachipiwa pachena, uyewo vane kukwanisa kubvunza mibvunzo, izvi zvinovapa simba kuti vabvume kana kuderedza mapiritsi ejeri vasati vatenga. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi zvinogona kuwedzera mamwe mutoro uye nguva yekumanikidzirwa kune vanachiremba, saka zvingave zvisingaiti kuti zvive zvakanyanya kugadziriswa.
Zvinogona Kuita Mapiritsi Emadhora Zvechokwadi Anowedzera Kuwirirana Here?
Haisati yasimbiswa kana zvirongwa izvi zvinodhaka-mishonga zvichabatsira chaizvo kupa mishonga pakunamatira. Mazwi MyCite anouyawo nekutaurira kuti kudhinda deta hakufaniri kushandiswa pamamiriro ezvinhu anotsvaga, sezvo kutevera kunogona kunonoka kana kusati kwaitika zvachose. Nyanzvi dzehutano hwej digital, kusanganisira Eric Topol weScripps Translational Science, inopikisa kuti zvichatora nguva isati yatanga iyo teknolojia yeutano hutsva inogona kukanganisa kuterera nenzira yakawanda. Vanhu vanotora mapiritsi emadhijita vanogona, semuenzaniso, vanoramba (kana kukanganwa) kupfeka chikwata chinotevera chinoda kuchinjwa kwemazuva masere manomwe kuti zvive nyore kuunganidza zviratidzo kubva pamapiritsi akavharwa.
Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvekuteerera zvakawana kuti zvishandiso zvakasiyana, zvose zvakakwirira uye zvishoma-tech, inovandudza kuterera. Kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa naProteus kwakaratidzawo kuti vanhu vanoita mishonga-yakagadziriswa mishonga yehutachiona husingadzorwi uye chirwere chechirwere cheshuga chakawana migumisiro iri nani (uye vakanga vachida kusvika kune vavariro dzavo dzekurapa) kana vachienzaniswa nevanhu vanotora kurapwa kwakanaka. Izvi zvingangodaro zvinonzi ndezvekuvandudzwa kwemishonga yekuteerera.
Iyo Inogona Kuita Digital Pill Mill Systems
Parizvino, vamwe vanhu vari kuAbilify vanoda chirwere ichi chinopesana asi vasingateereri maitiro avo anorongwa nemishonga vanogashira Bhuku rekudzivirirwa sejisi rega roga roga kudzivirira kuitikazve kwezviratidzo zvavo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti isu tatova nedzimwe nzira dzinogadziriswa dzekusaterera. Hazvisi pachena, zvisinei, kana vanhu vane nyaya yekuteerera vangasarudza piritsi yejeri kune jira. Uyezve, kune dzimwe mishonga yemishonga, mwedzi miviri injini haisi yakakodzera. Nokudaro, zvinodhaka zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi zvinogona kutakura zvakakosha mumatambudziko akadaro.
Mudzidzisi Purofesa Peter Chai, chiremba wekukurumidzira paBrigham uye Women's Hospital muBoston, akashandisa teknolojia yepiritsi yepiriteri mukuongorora kwechangobva kuedza kuedza kudzivirira kushandiswa kweipioid-nyaya inokurudzira muUnited States. Opioids inowanzorongedzerwa pane zvinodiwa zvinodiwa nevanhu vane kurwadziwa kukuru. Nhamba uye maitiro anowanzosiyiwa kuuchenjeri hwehutano hwehutano, izvo zvinouyisa ngozi dzekudarika uye kushungurudzwa. Chai neboka rake vakawana kuti digital pill system dzingabatsira kutarisa opioid kuwedzerwa munguva chaiyo-nguva.
Vakaratidza kuti kupindira kunogona kuendeswa nokukurumidza kana kushungurudzwa kwave kuonekwa, kuderedza dambudziko rekukuvara. Vanhu vakapinda muchidzidzo chavo vakawana mapiritsi edijitori akagamuchirwa uye aida kuramba achivatora. Chai's study inoratidza kuti mapiritsi-anokwanisa kupirisa mapiritsi ane ruzhinji rwekushandiswa, somuenzaniso, ane mishonga yakawandisa kune mishonga uye mapoka evanhu vasingawanzoonana nevanoita nezvehutano.
Kutarisa Kune Ramangwana
Zvinyorwa (kusanganisira izvo zvinoshandiswa nemapiritsi emadhindwa) zvakatova nekwanisi yekuunganidza mamwe mazwi ebhaometri, zvakadai semararamiro ekurara, zviratidzo zvinokosha, uye nzvimbo yemuviri. Kushandisa chikwata chezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemashoko, chirongwa chehutano hwe digital chinokwanisa kugadzira mufananidzo wakazara wemunhu anotora mimwe mishonga-kusanganisira migumisiro uye mararamiro ekudya. Panyaya iyi, maitiro aya ane mukana wekuvandudza nzira yatinoshandiswa nayo nemishonga.
> Sources:
> Brown MT, Bussell JK. Mishonga Kubvuma: WHO Inotarisira? Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2011; 86 (4): 304-314. doi: 10.4065 / mcp.2010.0575.
> Buono E, Vrijens B, Bosworth H, Liu L, Zullig L, Granger B. Kuuya denderedzwa yakazara muchiyero chekuteerera kwemishonga: mikana uye zvinetso zvekutarisira utano. Patient Preference & Adherence . 2017; 11: 1009-1017.
> Chai P, Boyer E, Mayer K, et al. Dhijirini mapiritsi kuti aenzanise mapepa ekupinza maopioid mune varwere vedambudziko rekukurumidzira vane chirwere chakanyanya kuputsika: chirwere chekuongorora. Zvinyorwa zveUnited Internet Research , 2017; 19 (1).
> Montgomery A. Chaizvo izvo chiremba akarayira: kudzivirira kuchengetedza pasina kuvharidzira kukura kwepiritsi yemapiritsi . Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment uye Technology Technology . 2016; (1): 147-175.
> Mullard A. Unoda chips nezvo here? Dhigirii inorayirirwa mapiritsi, yakagadzirirwa kutengesa pamusika nokukurumidza, ipai mukana wekutarisa zvinokonzerwa nezvinodhaka zvinodhaka mumakiriniki uye kuongororwa kwemakiriniki. Nature Review Drug Discovery . 2015; (11): 735-735.