Chii Chinoita Kuve Kubatana Kwemwana Ane Autism?

Vabereki Vanogona Kuita Kuti Zvive Zvishoma Nevana Vehama Nevana Vechipiri

Vanun'una vevana vane ruzivo rwakakosha vane matambudziko akasiyana-siyana-uye vanin'ina vevana vane autism hazvisizvo. Asi sezvo nezvose zvakabatana ne autism , mamiriro ese ezvinhu akasiyana. Kune vamwe vanin'ina, hupenyu hune hama kana hanzvadzi yevidistic inogona kuva yakaoma zvikuru. Kune vamwe, ine zvinyorwa uye pasi. Iko kune vamwe vana vanoona autism yavana vomunun'una wavo sechinhu chinowedzera pane kupfuudza.

Pasinei nokusiyana uku, zvakadaro, kune zvimwe zvakagoverana zviitiko uye zvinetso.

Matambudziko Akasangana Akatarisana Nevana Vehama Dzakaberekwa neAvistic

Pasinei nehanzvadzi yemwana we autistic akapfuma kana kuti ari murombo, asina hanya kana ane hanya, pane zvimwe zvikamu zvakaoma.

1. Embarrassment. Iyi ndeimwe yezvinetso zvakaoma zvikuru nokuti ndeyechokwadi-uye hazvibviri kudzivisa. Vana, kana vachinge vapfuura chikoro chekare, vari kutonga vanhu. Uye, kusiyana nevakuru, ivo vane mhosva yekupa mutongo kunze, pachena. Kwete, kunyanya vana vari kukura vanoona zviri nyore kana zvinonakidza kunzwa vezera ravo vachibvunza kuti "chii chakashata nehama yako? kana kunzwa "hanzvadzi yako isinganzwisisiki!" Asi iyo mwana asingazivikanwi uyo asina kunzwa mazwi akadaro. Sezvavanokura, vana vomumba vachada kudzokazve nyaya iyi kana vauya neshamwari dzekumba, kuwana mumwe wako, kana kuroorwa.
2. Zvisarudzo zvishoma. Apo hama yako ine autism, mhuri yose inofanira kuchinja. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana anowanzobudirira anenge achinyatsodikanwa kuisa zvido zvizhinji, achiti "kwete" kakawanda, uye kukotamira kune zvavanoda zvisingawanzodiwa uye zvinonaka. Somuenzaniso, vana vomunin'ina vanofanirwa kutarisa firimu imwechete makumi mashanu, kuenda kumba kubva pane chimwe chiitiko vasati vakagadzirira, kana kuti "kwete" kurasa chikamu-chete kuitira kuti vagare nehama dzavo kana musikana wavo. Sezvavanokura, vanin'ina vanogona kuwana kuti vabereki vavo vane nguva shoma kana mari yekubatsira nekorojiji, kutenga imba, "kugadzira" muchato, nezvakadaro.

1. Zvikuru Zvinotarisirwa. Kana pane nhengo yemhuri yakaremara, dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri dzinofanira kukwira kudivha-uye iyo inosanganisira vana vehama. Vanun'una vemwana we autistic (kunyange pavanenge vachiri vaduku zvikuru) vanowanzobvunzwa kuti vatarisire manzwiro avo uye zvido zvavo, vatore mamwe mabasa emhuri, kana kuti vasiyezve mafaro avo. Sezvo vakwegura, vanin'ina vangave vachida kutora basa rinowedzera nehanzvadzi yevotistic sezvo vabereki vavo vasingakwanisi.

Sei Tichiona Zvimwe Zvakaitika Zvakasiyana Zvakanyanya Kubatana?

Hongu, pane zvimwe zvinowanzogoverwa-asi pane zvimwe zvakasiyana zvikuru pakati pehama dzevana veVivistic. Kana iwe ukaunza boka revana vanowanzova nevana vane vana vavoti, vanozonzwa zvimwe, maonero akasiyana, maonero, nezvinetso. Heino chikonzero nei:

Vana vanotendeseka vanosiyana zvakasiyana kubva kune mumwe .

Nokuti autism iyi dambudziko rakakura, vana autistic uye vechidiki vanogona kupa nenzira dzakasiyana zvakasiyana. Somugumisiro, vana vomumba vanogona kuzviwana zviri nyore kana kuti zvakaoma zvikuru mukugara mumhuri imwe chete. Semuyenzaniso:

• Shandukari A ari kurarama nehanzvadzi iyo, kunyange zvishoma "zvisingaoneki," chaizvoizvo zvinonakidzwa zvikuru. Zvechokwadi, anotsungirira pavanoridzika Disney uye asina shamwari yega-uye hongu, nguva nenguva anonyorera pasi pasina chikonzero chaicho. Asi ane mutsa, ane hanya, uye anofarira mafirimu akawanda nemabasa sehanzvadzi yake. Hungu, pane matambudziko-asi havanzwi vachikurira. Izvozvi, vangave mune dzimwe nzira KUFARA zvakanyanya kudarika zvinetso zvinosangana nemunhu ane simba, anotonga (asi kazhinji achikura) hama.
• Shanduro B iri kurarama nehanzvadzi isina kutaura, ine utsinye, uye inokonzera kuparadza zvinhu zvakapoteredza imba. Dzimwe nguva, Sibling B inotya chaizvo nekuchengeteka kwake. Hapana imwe nzira Bhabhironi B yaiuya neshamwari kumba, uye hapana kukwanisa kuenda kunze nekuchengeteka nehanzvadzi yake. Upenyu pamba hahuna chinhu chakafanana ne "chenguva dzose," uye zvinetso zvehutano nehutano hwakanaka chaizvo.

• Shanduro C iri kugara nehanzvadzi iyo inobwinya, yakasimba, uye inonetseka zvikuru . Kune rumwe rutivi, Sibling C's autistic hama inenge iri kuronga mitambo yemavhidhiyo pazera remakore 8. Kune rumwe rutivi, uyu hama imweyo anonyanya kunetseka, ane dambudziko rakaoma, uye anozviona zvichirwadza kuva mune mall, kana kunyange mhuri inoungana. Shanduro C inozvikudza pamusoro pezvakaitwa nehama yake, asi zvinogona kuoma zvakaoma kuva pedyo nehanzvadzi yake, uye hazvizivikanwe kana iye "achaputika." Somugumisiro, anodzivirira mukoma wake kana zvichibvira.

Vanun'una vavo vakasiyana kubva kune mumwe.

Mwana mumwe nomumwe akasiyana, uye mhinduro dzevana yega yega kuva nehanzvadzi yevotistic ichasiyanawo.

Apo mumwe mwana angakwanisa kuwana ruzivo rwekuedza uye rwakaoma, mumwe angakwanisa kuhuwana uchikomborera.

Zviri nyore here kuti uve muduku kana kuti mukoma mukoma wemwana ane autism? Kune zvikwiriso uye pasi kune umwe neumwe.

• Mukoma muduku muduku wemwana we autistic haana kumborarama asina autism muhupenyu hwake. Kune rumwe rutivi, izvi zvinogona kureva kuti anozviona zviri nyore kugadzirisa matambudziko anouya pamwe nekuve nemudzimai we autistic. Kune rumwe rutivi, angazviwana zvakaoma kuzvisimbisa mumhuri semunhu ane zvido zvake, matambudziko, matarenda, uye unhu hwake.
• Mhuri yakakura yemwana ane autism inogona kuvhiringidzika kana vabereki vakanyatsotariswa kune munun'una wavo ane hanya. Kana, kune rumwe rutivi, angazviwana zviri nyore kugadzirisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu nokuti akatosimbisa nzvimbo yake mumhuri, kuchikoro, uye munharaunda.

Maitiro akasiyana uye unhu hunogonawo kuita kusiyana kukuru. Kune vamwe vanin'ina, kugara nevana autistic kunogona kuva kunyadzisa, asi vamwe kune mukana.

• Shanduro X inonyanyisa uye inogumbura. Kuva nehanzvadzi yevidistic ichiita manzwire asinganzwisisiki, kudzokorora mazwi mamwechete nekudzoka , nekunyunguduka pasi kwemanheru kunomutumira kurudyi pamucheto.
• Simba Z anonzwira tsitsi uye anonakidzwa nekuwana nzira dzekubatsira hanzvadzi yake yevidistic kuti iite zvinetso zvakaoma. Pane kuremekedzwa, anonakidzwa nokuziva kuti angabatsira sei hanzvadzi yake kuzvidzivirira, kuzviratidza, nekukurukura nevamwe.

Maitiro emhuri nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana kubva kune mumwe.

Autism kunze, mafungiro emhuri uye mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kunge ane simba guru kuvana. Wedzera autism mumusanganiswa, uye nhaurirano dzemhuri dzakawanda, zvinetso, simba, uye kushanduka kwezvinhu zvinova chinhu chikuru kwazvo. Kana munhu achida kusimba hama, maitiro evabereki uye manzwiro anogona kuve chinhu chinokonzera positivity uye simba-kana kwete. Semuyenzaniso:

• Mhuri A inosanganisira mwana ane autism. Vabereki vomwana vanowedzera pedyo nekushanda pamwechete kuti vawane zvikoro zvakakodzera, zvinotsigirwa, uye mari. Apo autism inowedzera kukurira inopindura zvinyararire, shandisa mamiriro acho ezvinhu, wozobatana zvakare. Panguva imwe chete, vanoshanda zvakaoma kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti kazhinji kuwedzera vana vevana vanotsigirwa kuchikoro uye mune zvehupenyu hwavo-kunyange kana izvozvo dzimwe nguva zvinoreva kuti shamwari kana hufambiso hwepaguru huri chikamu chekusanganiswa. Somugumisiro, mwana asingatendi aigona kudzidza kuti matambudziko anogona kugadziriswa nekugadziriswa, uye kuti dambudziko harifaniri kumira munzira yehupenyu huzere, hune rudo.
• Mhuri B inosanganisira mwana ane autism. Vabereki vemwana ndivo vanopomerana mhosva ye autism kana migumisiro yehupenyu hwemhuri uye, somugumisiro, vakaparadzana. Mumwe mubereki anomuka nekuchengetedzwa kwevana vaviri uye akaora mwoyo, akatsamwa, uye akaora mwoyo. Apo autism inowedzera simba pamusha, mubereki anobuda kunze kwemukova kana kupinda muhasha . Somugumisiro, mwana anowanzobudirira anowedzera mumamiriro ezvinhu ane chaotic uye anogona kudzidza kuti zvinetso zvinoita kuti pave nokuparara mumhuri yemhuri.

Mari yemhuri inosiyana.

Mari haigone kutenga rudo, asi inogona kutenga zvinhu zvakawanda zvemhuri inorarama ne autism. Kunyange zvazvo zvichikwanisika kuva nemari shoma uye uchiri kutarisira autism nemaitiro mashomanana emanzwiro, hazvisi nyore.

Urombo uye autism inogona kuva kusanganiswa kunoshamisa. Hungu, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa kuvabereki vane vana vakaremara-asi iyo midziyo yakaoma kuwana, inogumbura kugadzirisa, uye inogona kunge yakanyanyiswa zvishoma zvichienderana nenzvimbo yemhuri. Vabereki vari kushanda mabasa emaawa ega ega havana kuchinja kwavanoda kuti vashanyire hurumende kuchengetedzwa uye masangano ehurumende mukati mevhiki masikati. Vabereki vasina makombiyuta avo nekutengesa kwekutengesa havana zvigadziro zvavanoda kutsvakurudza maitiro uye kutsvaga kurapwa, mabasa, kana kurapa.

Vabereki vane mari yakawanda vanogona kutenga nzira yavo kubva mune zvimwe zvekuvhiringidzika. Kana vari kushanda pamabasa ekumusoro, vane humwe hutano hwekupinda misangano, kuenda kumisangano, uye kugadzirisa masangano uye kubatsirwa. Kana vasina kukodzera kubasa kana kuti vanorambwa mararamiro ezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, vanogona kubhadhara vadzidzisi vega . Kana vakanzwa vachinetseka, vanogona kuwanzobhadharira kuchengetedza.

Kusiyana kweizvi kunobatsira sei kunyanya kuwedzera vana vehama? Pane kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukanganisa:

• Kana mari iri kugovera mavhisi kune mwana we autistic, zvishoma zvingasara kune vamwe vana. College mari inogona kuenderera kuchirwere che autism, asi chechipiri mari yekubhadhara mari inogona kubhadhara chikoro chakanaka kana kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza. Somugumisiro, munun'una wavo chaiyo angave ane shungu kwevabereki vaviri uye autistic sibling.
• Kana nguva yose inoshandiswa inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa mabasa kana kutarisira mwana we autistic, munun'una angave akanzwa akasiyiwa kana asina hanya. Izvi, zvakare, zvinogona kutungamirira kutsamwa kana kutsamwa.
• Kana vabereki vakashungurudzwa nehuwandu hwenguva uye simba rinotarisirwa kutarisira rubatsiro rwemwana anonzi autistic, vangave vasisina simba rakasara kuti vabatsire nebasa rekuchikoro, kudzidzira, kupisa, kana mamwe mabasa evabereki.
• Vabereki vane nguva shoma kana mari vakawanda havana ruzivo rwavanoda kuti varambe vaine hanya nevana vomunharaunda mabasa uye zvido. Vanogona kunge vasingazivi zvinetso kuchikoro, zvinetso zvepfungwa, kana kuti zvingangove zvine ngozi.

Zvinotarisirwa kuiswa kune vakoma vanosiyana.

Chii chinotarisirwa kumwana ane mukoma wevotistic? Mhinduro yacho inobva pane zvakawanda pamusoro pehukuru hwemhuri yake, mari, mutsika, uye kugadzikana mupfungwa. Mhinduro yacho ichashandura sezvo autistic uye mumwe munhu wekuzvarwa anowanzokura-uye vabereki vashoma kugona kubata zvinhu ivo pachavo.

• Mumhuri yakakura yakakura, pangava nevanhu vazhinji vanogona uye vanofarira kubatsira mwana we autistic. Mumhuri duku zvikuru, mwana anowanzobudirira angabvunzwa kutora mutoro unokosha wehama yavo ye autistic. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa sevabereki vakura, kusvika apo munowanzoita mukomana anotarisirwa kuti ave mutarisiri mukuru kumunhu mukuru "mwana."
• Mumhuri yakafuma, zvingave zvichikwanisika kubhadhara vatsigiri vekuchengetedza varwere kana kunyange kurarama-mukutsigira kune munhu ane autism. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoiti, iyi nhare yekutsigirwa inogona kupiwa kuburikidza nemasangano. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvisinei, kana vabereki kana vashandi vanotsigira vanogona kupa 24/7 kutsigirwa. Nokudaro, kana hama yevidistic inoda 24/7 kutsigira, pane mukanano wakanaka munun'una wako achada kupa-nguva imwe nguva.
• Mune tsika dzemazuva ano dzeAmerica, hazvisi zvisizvo kuti nhengo dzemhuri dziende nenzira yavo. Vanun'una vehama vanogona kuenda munyika yose kana pasi, asi vabereki vachiri kutarisira "mwana" mukuru ne autism. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika (kana mumunharaunda dzinopinda kune dzimwe nyika), mhuri dzinogara pedyo. Kana mhuri dzichigara dziri pedyo, ivo vanowanzofungidzira zvimwe mutoro wemwana ane autism sezvaanokura.

Nzira Yekubatsira Mwana Wenyu Anokudziridza

Chero zvisinei nemamiriro ako ezvinhu, uye chero zvingave zvipo uye zvinetso zvemuviri wako wezvinyorwa, zvinokosha kuchengetedza zvido zvako zvechidiki zvirikudziridza mupfungwa. Izvozvo zvakati, zvisinei, zvinokoshawo kuyeuka kuti kuremara mumhuri hakusi nguva dzose chinhu chakaipa. Zvichipa mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, mwana ane hama yevotistic anogona kuwana simba guru rega. Kunzwira tsitsi, mutoro, kushanduka, kugadzirisa, uye mutsa zvinogona zvose kubva pane zvakaitika.

Heano mamwe mazano ekugadzirisa kuti mwana wenyu chaiye ane zvigumisiro zvakanaka:

1. Tora autism sechikamu chehupenyu-chimwe chinhu chinonzwisisa nekupindura, pane chimwe chinhu chisingatauri kutaura kana kufunga nezvazvo. Dzidzisai vose vana venyu pamusoro pekuti autism chii, uye kuti chii chaicho.
2. Tora vana vako vose noruremekedzo, uye ruremekedzo rwemhando ye mwana wako autistic.
3. Ngwarira kuti mwana wako anenge achikura anoda kutarisa kwako uye rudo, uye kubata chero nguva yaunogona kuteerera, kugovana, kunakidza, kusangana nedambudziko, kana kungoerekana wabuda.
4. Ziva kuti mwana wako arikudzidzira ari kurarama nemamwe maitiro asina kujairika, uye anoziva matambudziko avanosangana nawo uye kukunda.
5. Shingairira zvakasiyana "nguva yedu" yenguva yevana vako vari kukura. Iwe unogona kunge uchida kutengeserana nemumwe wako, asi izvozvo zvinogona kunge zviri nani.
6. Ronga mberi nokuda kwezvaunoda zvinodiwa nemwana, uye uzive kuti iwe uchagadzirisa sei mamiriro ezvinhu asati asimuka. Izvi zvinoshanda kumibvunzo maduku (chii chatingaita kana mwana wedu autistic anonyorera pasi mall?) Uye matambudziko makuru (sei achatibatsira mwana wedu chaiye kutarisira mari yekoroji?). Iwe haufaniri kugara uchingobatsira vana vako chaivo vechidiki, asi unoda chirongwa.
7. Iva akachengetedza uye akavimbika. Zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kurarama nemukoma we autistic, asi zvakaoma zvikuru kurarama nemhirizhonga kana kushungurudzika mupfungwa. Vakawanda vanowanzokura vana vanogona kugadzirisa kumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma apo vanonzwa vakachengeteka uye vane hanya.
8. Teerera mwana wako anowanzosimukira, uye tarisa chero zviratidzo zvekuzvidya mwoyo, kuora mwoyo, kana kuipa kwekuita.
9. Ziva kana mwana wako chaiye achikuda chaizvo, uye uwane nzira yekuvepo. Izvi zvingada kuti kudana mune imwe nguva kunzwirwa nyasha kana kuvhara mari yakawedzerwa nguva nenguva - asi zvinogona kureva nyika kumwana wako.
10. Wana rubatsiro kana uchida. Misangano seSiblings of Autism, yeSibling Support Project, uye Sibs Journeyare zvingasarudzwa zvishoma. Tarisa nemari yemahara kuti uwane mapoka ekutsigira, kukurumidza, uye mapurogiramu.

> Sources:

> Petalas, MA, Hastings, RP, Nash, S. et al. Chimiro uye Kusiyana Kwepachidiki muSibling Relations: Zviitiko zveAdolescents With Autism. J Child Child Stud (2015) 24: 38.

> Schopler, Eric et al, Vakuru. Migumisiro yeAvism pamhuri. USA: Springer Science & Business Media, Jun 29, 2013.

> Tomeny, T. et al. Kushungurudzika uye Kuita Kushanda Kwevanasikana Vanowirirana-Vanokurudzira Vana Ne Autism Spectrum Disorder: Maitiro eAD Seusity, Parental Stress, uye Marital Status. Tsvakurudzo muAustism Spectrum Disorders, Bhuku 32, December 2016, Mapeji 130-142.

> Walton, K. et al. Kuchinja Kwepfungwa NekuSibling Ukama Mumhuri Yevana Vane Autism Spectrum Disorder: Njodzi Nezvokuchengetedza. Nyaya yeAustism uye Developmental Disorders, September 2015, Bhuku 45, Nyaya 9, mapeji 2764-2778.