Makumi Makumi Gare gare, Chernobyl Inoramba Ichibatanidza Nehutano Nehumwe Matambudziko Ehutano
Musi waApril 26, 1986 pa1: 23 mangwanani, zvinhu muChernobyl, taundi duku kudunhu reSoviet, rakaipa kwazvo. Nhasi zita rokuti "Chernobyl" ndiro dombo rinoshandiswa, izwi rimwe chete rinoreva "njodzi yenyukireya" kune vanhu vari munyika yose. Chernobyl yaiva, chokwadi, njodzi yenyukireya yakaipisisa munhoroondo. Kunyange zvazvo chiitiko cheMarch 2011 Fukushima chiitiko chakatongwa se "chakakomba" seChernobyl nemahofisi enyukireya, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kusunungurwa kwemazuva ano muJapan kwakanga kwakanyanya kudarika kuChernobyl, uye kudengenyeka kwacho kwakanga kusiri kuderera kune dzimwe nzvimbo.
Kunyange zvakadaro, zvingava makore tisati taziva kana Chernobyl icharamba ichingobvisa kusiyana kwakashata kwekuitika kwenyika yenyu nengozi yakaipa zvikuru.
Chero zvazvingava, Chernobyl yave yakanyanya kufarira vashandi vehutano uye varwere, nokuti imwe yemasidisotopes akabudiswa munguva dzezviitiko zvekugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya - kusanganisira dambudziko reChernobyl - iodine 131, inonziwo iodine radioactive, kana radioiodine.
Iodine 131 ine hafu yehupenyu hwemazuva masere, zvichireva kuti hafu yayo inopararira mazuva ose masere. Izvi hazvirevi hafu yehupenyu (kana uchizvienzanisa kune mamwe ma radioeotopes, ane hafu-hupenyu hwemaminitsi kana maminitsi) zvinoreva kuti iodine inokonzerwa nehutachiona inogona kupinda nokukurumidza muzvokudya zvevanhu nekusvibisa mbeu, mhuka, uye mvura, uye zvisati zvaitika huwandu hunokonzerwa nokuora kwemazuva uye kupararira. Kamwe kanyengwa, iodine inokonzerwa nehutachiona inonyanya kurongedza muhutori hwetroroid, iyo miviri inogona kukonzera kana kuparadza gland, kana kuita sechirwere chenguva refu yekugadzirwa kwekenza yekemokari uye mamwe matambudziko ehutachiona.
Vana vaduku uye mhumbu, avo vakagadzira uye vanotsvaga kukura kwechirwere chetachiona, ndivo vanonyanya kunetseka kuti vawane hutachiona hwehuodhiyo, uye zvinokonzerwa nekutsvaga zvakare zvinowanzokuratidza nokukurumidza kuvana kana vachienzaniswa nevanhu vakuru. Vanawo ndivo vanonyanya kukosha mukaka, uye kana mhou dzichidya uswa hwewaodhiya-yakasvibiswa uswa, iodini inonyanya kunyanya mumukaka, zvichiita kuti mukaka ushandiswe imwe nzira inokosha yekutsvaga iodine inodhaka.
Zvakakosha kuongorora imwe nhoroondo shure kwedambudziko reChernobyl, uye hutano hwehutano hwehutambudziro, kwete muhutano hwehutano bedzi, asi humwe hutano hwehutano zvakare.
Mamwe eChernobyl Geography uye Nhoroondo dzezvematongerwo enyika
Guta duku reChernobyl riri muruwa rwepurovhinzi - rinozivikanwa se "Oblast" - rwechivako cheKiev muUkraine. Muna 1986, Ukraine yakanga iri nyika yeiyo yakanga iri iyo Soviet Union. Chernobyl iri makiromita 110 kubva kuKiev, makiromita 22 kubva kumuganhu weUkraine neGomel Oblast yeBelarus, uye pedyo neBryansk Oblast yeRussia. Nharaunda yeChernobyl yaive nzvimbo inowanikwa nevarimi vashoma.
Nzvimbo yenyukireya, yakatanga kuvakwa senhengo yeSoviet Union purogiramu yezvombo zvenyukireya, yakanga iri makiromita maviri kunze kwenharaunda huru yeguta reChernobyl pacharo. Iyo yakagadziriswa yakanga iri pakatarisana kwehova mbiri, Pripyat uye Uh, pedyo negungwa reKiev, iro rakapa mvura yakawandisa yekugadzirisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, simiti yacho yakashandurwa kuti ishandiswe sechisimba chemasimba.
Sangano guru reSoviet raiva rekudzikisa kuparidzirwa kwemashoko kana kukurukurirana kwezvinetso zvakabatana nekuvakwa, kuchengetedza, nekushandura kwezvinhu zvenyukireya. Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti nekuda kwekufunga kwepfungwa dzakamanikidzika, iyo yose yekare yeSoviet Union, pakanga pasina kudzidziswa zvishoma, njodzi, uye kugadzirirwa kwekukurumidzira kwenyika yenyu, uye Chernobyl yakanga isiri iyo.
Soviet Union yakashandawo pasi pezvematongerwe enyika akabuda kuMoscow ane simba guru pamusoro pemapato ayo akasiyana siyana uye nzvimbo, saka nzvimbo yeChernobyl, sechikamu cheUkraine, yakanga iri pasi pemutemo wezvematongerwo enyika wevasarudzo vanoita zviuru zvemakiromita kure kuMoscow.
Somugumisiro, apo njodzi yenyukireya yakarova kuChernobyl, kwete chete vashandi vemiti uye vagari vomunzvimbo yacho vasina kugadzirira kupindura zvakakodzera njodzi yenyukireya, asi mhinduro yakapera, sezvo vatungamiriri vemo vakamirira kutungamirirwa kubva kuMoscow. Izvo zvakataurwa kuti kunyange semasikati akabuda kubva kune akaremara anoputika, vana vari kutumirwa kuchikoro, mhirizhonga yekunze yakabatanidzwa, mutambo wenhabvu wakaitika, uye vagari vomunharaunda vakaenda kunobata hove dzemvura yenyukireya.
Maererano neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose (1), rakange riri remazuva maviri akazara - mushure mekunge imwe yeruzivo yakanga yatodzwa, uye yechipiri yakanga iri moto -Moscow asati abvuma kuti "chimwe chinhu" chakanga chaitika kuChernobyl, zvishoma zvakaratidza ukuru hwechakaipa.
Chii Chakaitika kuChernobyl?
Sangano reInternic Atomic Energy Agency rakatsanangura chakaitika kukonzera njodzi yenyukireya yeChernobyl. Izvozvi, apo vashandi vaive vachiedza kuongorora Reactor Four, simba guru rekukwira rakakunda muchero weChernobyl, zvichikonzera kuputika uye moto, izvo zvakabudisa furema yakawanda yemasikati mumhepo. Izvo zvakagadziriswa neChernobyl reactors zvaifungwa zvisina kumboitika, uye dzakanga dzisina chigadziro chekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakapoteredza kubva kumayero akaoma. Reactor Four's explosion yakabudisa zvinopfuura zana zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvemhepo inopinda mumhepo.
Vashandi vaviri pamuti vakaurayiwa pakarepo. Vakawanda vevapinduki vekutanga vakaudzwa kuti vakafa nokukurumidza mushure mokunge vapindura pangozi, uye vazhinji mukati memwedzi mitatu yekutanga kuputika. Helicopter pilots avo vaishanda panzvimbo iyi mumazuva ekutanga vakapedzisira vaendeswa kuMoscow kundovhipwa mukati memazuva nemavhiki ekubatsira kuchengeta njodzi yacho.
Mumazuva okutanga, anenge 49 000 vagari vemo vakakurumidza kubviswa kubva munharaunda yacho, asi vakaudzwa kuti vaizoenda kumusha kwemazuva maviri kana matatu chete.
Mumavhiki anotevera, kuputika kwakawanda kwakaitika, asi njodzi dzenharaunda dzakarambwa kana kuderedzwa. Soviet vakuru vakuru havana kumbobvumawo zvimwe zviitiko zvakatevera pashure pemiti yacho, uye vaisimbisa vanhu kuti mamiriro acho ezvinhu akadzikama zvachose uye kuti maitiro ehutachiona munzvimbo yacho aive akaenzana.
Muna Meyi 1986, mwedzi mushure mejodzi, vanhu vanopfuura 116 000 munzvimbo dzakapoteredza makiromita 18 vakanga vatamira. Mumakore anouya, nhamba yevanhu avo vakazopedzisira vaenda kune imwe nyika vaifungidzirwa kuva inenge 230 000, maererano neU.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Iye zvino tava kuziva kuti nzvimbo yakawanda yepakati penyika yakange yakasununguka kumayero kubva kuChernobyl.
Mutsara we2006 kubva kuGreenPeace unonzi The Chernobyl Catastrophe: Migumisiro yeHuman Health , boka rezvemasayendisiti rose renyika dzakawanda, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoshamisa muminda yavo uye vamwe avo vagara vachitsvakurudza kwenguva yakareba vakanga vatarisa Chernobyl kubva muna 1986, vakati:
Ichi chiitiko chenyika yose chakave chakakosha zvikuru kune vatatu vevakapoteredza veSoviet, iyo ndiyo nyika iri kuzvimirira yeUkraine, Belarus, neRussia. Izvo zvinokanganisa, zvakadaro, zvakawedzerwa zvakanyanya zvikuru. Inopfuura hafu ye cesium-137 yakabudiswa pamusana pokuputika kwakatorwa mumhepo kune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Kune dzimwe nyika gumi nezvina kuEurope (Austria, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Slovenia, Poland, Romania, Hungary, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Italy, Bulgaria, Republic of Moldova neGreece) yakasvibiswa nehuwandu hwemhepo yakasvibiswa pamusoro pemiganhu yakashandiswa kutsanangura nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa "dzakasvibiswa." Pasi, asi zvisinei zviyero zvakawanda zvemaharaactivity zvakabatanidzwa nenjodzi yeChernobyl zvakaonekwa munyika dzose dzeEurope, kubva kuScandinavia kusvika kuMediterranean, uye muAsia. (2)
Kudzoka kuChernobyl pachayo, mapoka ezvakaudzwa kuti "vagadziri" akaunzwa kuti abatsire kuva nemirairo, kubvisa madota, uye pakupedzisira, kubatsira kuvaka gomba rakakura sarudzo - inonzi "sarcophagus" - kuvhara reactor. Bato revashandi vekuvaka makumi maviri nemazana mashanu, avo vose vanonzi vakave vakaratidzwa, mumwedzi inoverengeka, kusvika kumiganhu yeupenyu hwose remhepo, vakabatanidzwa mune izvo zvinonzi ndiro guru rekugadzira basa mune zvakaitika kare, uye pakupera kwa1986, vakanga vapinda muitiro weChernobyl mu sarcophagus.
The Health Effects of Chernobyl
Vanhu vangani vakawana utano hwakanaka kubva kuChernobyl? Izvo chaizvoizvo zvakaoma kuverenga kuwanda kwekukuvadza kwehutano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Mashoko acho anosiyana, zvichienderana nokuti anouya kubva kuhurumende yeSoviet panguva yechipatara, hurumende dzezvino, masangano enyika, kana mapoka akazvimirira.
Maererano neshumo reUnited Nations:
Pakati pevanhu vakaurawa kubva kuChernobyl, vanhu 35 vakataurirwa kuva "mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma," uye vatanhatu vakanga vafa. Nhamba yacho yakasimuka kusvika pa31 nezhizha ra1986, uye ikoko yakaramba iripo. Hapana mumwe wevamwe vakatsigira zvakananga avo vakaurayiwa vaChernobyl vakamboswedzerwa kune urongwa uhwu: kufa kwavo kwaiitwa kune zvimwe zvinokonzera. (3)
Sangano reUnited States Nuclear Regulatory Commission rakashuma kuti zvidzidzo zvinoratidza vagari venharaunda yacho vasina kugamuchira maitiro emagetsi anopfuura zvakasvibirira, uye kuti hapana kuwedzerwa kwechirwere chekenza kwakawanikwa. Vakashuma kuti vana chete ndivo vakaratidza kuwedzera kwekenza yekemikari - 4 000 mimwe mimwe mitemo yave yakananga - uye kuti 99% yezviitiko izvi "yakaporeswa." (4)
Nhoroondo mbiri dzehurumende dzinoita sechekare. Imwe nyaya ndeyoyo mushumo unobva muScientific Committee yeUnited Scientific Committee (UNSCEAR), iyo yakataura kuti kubva muna 2005, vanhu vanopfuura 6 000 veRussia, vaUkraine neBelarussia vakaonekwa kuti vane kenza yekenza. (5)
Chero zvazvingava, kudiwa kubvisa chirwere chetachiona nekuda kwekenza hakugone kuonekwa se "mushonga" mupfungwa yezwi. Vana veChernobyl vave, uye vacharamba vachisungirirwa nehutano hwehutano nekuda kwehutano hwavo "mushonga" munguva yavo yose yeupenyu, uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti zvibereko zvinogona kuenderera kuchizvarwa chinotevera. Kubva kuHarvard University, chidzidzo chakabudiswa muEvironment Health Perspectives chakaona chiitiko chekenza yekemekari kubva mumasikironi eododhi 131 mune vanopfuura 12 000 vekuUkraine vanopfuura 18 vakatarisana nehudhiro muChernobyl. Vanhu vacho vakaongororwa kusvika kane kana pakati pa1998 na2008, uye vatsvakurudzi vakawana zvinotevera:
- Ikoko kwakanga kune ngozi yakawedzerwa yekenza yehutano makore makumi maviri mushure mekutanga kuonekwa. Iyi njodzi yakanga isina kufanana neboka rose uye yakaita seyo yakanyanya kunyanya kubva kune nzvimbo yakakura kubva kumiti panguva yekuonekwa.
- Kuwedzerwa kwehutano hwekenza yekemekari kwaive, paavhareji, 1,91 nguva yakakwirira kune rimwe gorosi rakawedzerwa remhepo. (Grey rakafanana nekudyiwa kwemwe mukana wemirasi yoniyoni imwechete kikikiri yeiviri).
- Hapana humwe humwe hunoratidza kuti izvi zvakawedzera kenza ngozi kune avo vaigara munzvimbo iyo panguva yengozi iri kuderera munguva.
Mushumo wacho unotiwo, "Ongororo yapfuura yevanopukunyuka bhomba yeatomu vakaratidza kuti kunyange makore 30 mushure mekunge majekesa epakutanga aitika, mhirizhonga yekenza yakawanda iripo uye hainyanyi kuderera kusvikira mushure mokunge." (6)
Muna 1989, Magazine Magazine yakatora nhau pamusoro pekuvharidzira kwepamusoro-soro kwakakomberedza Chernobyl, kunyanya maererano nevana vakasara munharaunda yacho, uye vakazarirwa nehuwandu kwenguva refu. Nhau yacho inotsanangura zvakasiyana-siyana zvekare vezvematongerwo enyika nevasayendisiti, avo vakapomera hurumende yeSoviet yekutsika kwemazinga ekuderedza - vanofunga kuti yakange yakapetwa ka20 kanopfuura yakataurwa - uyewo purogiramu yekudzikinura yevaya vari mumhepo inotyisa inotyisa.
Mumwe mukuru wehurumende, "kubviswa kwevana kwakapedzwa chete musi waJune 7. Hazvishamisi kuti pane vana vakawanda vanorwara munharaunda yedu, kunyanya avo vane hyperplasia yehutachiona." Nhau yacho yakaramba ichicherechedza kuti izvi nezvimwe zvinetso zvehutachiona, zvakadai sehuukemia, zvinonzi hazvina kutaurirwa sematambudziko akawanda ane mhaka. (7)
Vatsigiri veGreenPeace vane maonero asina tariro. Mune mharidzo yavo yeChernobyl Catastrope yavo ya2006 , vakanyatsotsanangura huwandu hwakawanda hwekuparadza, vachiona kuti nepo nhau dzehurumende dzinotaura kuti vanenge 4 000 vanhu vanopfuura vareji vakafira muBelarus, Ukraine neRussia kubva pangozi, nyanzvi dzakabatanidzwa mukunyora mushumo weGreenPeace yakatsanangurwa vanenge 200 000 vakafa kunze kwechimiro chevanhu vakawanda.
Bhuku reGreenPeace rakaratidza zvakare kuti:
- Pakati pezvinokonzera zveBelarussian - vanhu vakabatsira kuchenesa njodzi - mafungiro epiyo, urinary / bladder nekenza yekameti yose yakakwirira zvikuru kubva panguva ya1993 kusvika muna 2003 zvichienderana neboka rakafanana rekuongorora. Leukemia yaiva yakakwirira zvikuru muvanesiya kubva kuUkraine, kune vanhu vakuru muBelarus uye kune vana vari munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvikuru muRussia neUkraine.
- Pakati pemakonzerwe muhurumende, vamwe 88% vakaratidza uchapupu hwechromosomal kuchinja mumasero avo eropa.
- Kubvira muna 1995 zvichienda mberi, kuwandisa kwekenza yemudumbu, mapapu, mazamu, rectum, colon, thyroid gland, bone marrow uye lymph system yakawanikwawo kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kwenharaunda yacho. Munharaunda yeTula, kenza yepamusoro yemapfupa emapfupa uye kanzura yepakati yenheyo yepamusoro yakaratidzwa kuvana panguva yegore ra1991-1994.
- Ikoko kwaive nekuratidzwa kwakanyanya kwemafuridziro ekufema kusvika kune-radioactive materials akabudiswa mufomu yegesi munguva yechiripiti Chernobyl. ChiKukraine Ministry of Health chirongwa chakaratidza kuwedzera kwehurwere risingakanganwiki uye emphysema kubva kumativi anenge 300 kusvika ku10 000 muhuwandu muna 1990 kusvika kune 500 kusvika pa10 000 muvanhu vakuru nevechiri kuyaruka muna 2004. Pakafanana nenguva iyo bronchial asthma morbidity inowedzera kaviri, inosvika 55.4 matambudziko pa10 000 chizvarwa.
- Pakazosvika 1988 na1999, kutanga kwee atherosclerosis uye chirwere chemoyo chinokonzera kuva 10 kusvika ku15 kazhinji pane zvakawanda mumhepo dzakapoteredza kubva munharaunda ine makiromita 18 dzakakomberedza Chernobyl, uye avo vanogara munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa nemhepo, zvichienzaniswa nevanhu vazhinji.
- Endocrine chirwere chetachiona, kusawirirana kwezvokudya, utachiona hwemagetsi, uye zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvakapetwa kanopfuura kaviri zvakajairika pakati pevapones kubva munzvimbo ine makiromita 18 uye avo vakange vari munzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, zvichienzaniswa nevevanhu vose veBelarussia.
- Munharaunda yeChernobyl yakavhiringidzika yeRussia, pakanga pane kuwedzera kwemazana mashanu pakuderedzwa kwejecha. Kunyanya, kuderedzwa kwenhamba yemasero machena eropa akaonekwa, pamwe nekuderedza basa reT-lymphocytes uye masero eouraya, uye kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvakadai seprombositopenia uye chirwere chekushaya ropa.
- Kuongorora kwevagari veUukraine vasati vatevera uye mushure mokunge njodzi yeChernobyl yakaratidza kupetwa kwemazana matanhatu muhuwandu hwemazuva ano-induced chromosomal change, chimwe chinhu chinoratidzika secho kutakurwa kune vana vavo. Chromosomal aberrations inofungidzirwa kuti inokonzerwa neChernobyl yakanyorwa kure neAustria, Germany neNorway.
- Kunyange kuenzanisa kwakadzika kwemazinga emhepo kunogona kutungamirira kune imwe nhanho yekukuvadza kune nharaunda uye inoperera nheyo dzedambudziko. Zvakaoma kuongorora huwandu hwakazara hwekushaya kwehutano hwemagetsi kubva mumhepo inonzi Chernobyl, asi vatongi vanobva kuRussia, vakarondedzera zvirwere zvehupenzi sechipiri chinowanzouya post-Chernobyl chirwere. Zvinetso zvehutano uye zvepfungwa pakati pevanhu vakuru mumasango ane tsvina-ane tsvina yeBelrusrus aivewo akawandisa kupfuura aya kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingabatsiri (31.2% zvichienzaniswa ne18.0%).
Greenpeace haisi yega boka rakabatanidzwa pamusoro pehutano hweChernobyl.
Mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa mu Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives, masayendisiti kubva kuMoscow akapa humwe uchapupu hunoratidza kuti kusunungurwa kwenyukireya kwaigona kunge kanopfuura makumi mana kudarika zvakataurwa. Maererano nemasayendisiti eMoscow, chete 10 kusvika ku15% yezvinhu zvakasvibiswa nemhepo zvakanyatsosara zvakasara kuti zviiswa chisimbiso mu-sarcophagus-sakhiwo yakagadzirisa zvakakanganisika, maererano ne 90% iyo yakave yakataurwa nevatungamiriri. Vakagumisa kuti mazhenje ekubuda kwemazuva aive, saka, makuru kupfuura mamwe masayendisiti akafunga.
Kunyange zvazvo World Health Organization (WHO) inofungidzira kuti majekiseni ekudzivirira kwemazuva evanhu vari munzvimbo dzakapoteredza, inorondedzera dhiyabhorosi dhizimusi inopesana nemashizha eW WHO, zvichiratidza kuti chiyero chekusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana kwekromosome kubviswa kwaiva anenge 10 kusvika zana pane zvakapfuura zvingatarisirwa, uye kusunungurwa kukuru kwe radioactivity kupfuura yakataurwa.
Uyewo, mahombekombe ekufa uye kusagadzikana pakati pevana vanozvarwa vakaonekwa muGermany, Poland, Central Europe, Turkey, uye yekare yeSoviet Union nguva pfupi mushure mokunge kuputika kweChernobyl.
Kunze kwenzvimbo dzakangoerekana dzakapararira munzvimbo dzeBelarus, Ukraine, neRussia, kuparara kweChernobyl kwaiva nemigumisiro. Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, zvinopfuura 40% zveEurope zvakasvibiswa neChernobyl kugumburwa, uye mishonga yehutano inobva kubva kuchromosomal kuchinja kusvika kuhutano husina kunaka uye kenza yekanda yakanyorwa mune dzimwe nyika kubva kuNorway kuenda kuTurkey.
- Kumadokero nekumaodzanyemba, kubva kuGermany kuburikidza neCroatia kuenda kuBulgaria neTurkey, kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana pakuberekwa kwaiva kwakanyorwa kune vana vakave vasati vazvarwa. Izvi zvakabatanidza Down syndrome, iyo inowanzoitika munharaunda inenge 1 pavakaberekwa 1 000, asi yakasimudzirwa kuWestern Europe nekuScandinavia. Kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezviitiko zvakakonzerwa munaJanuary 1987, inofanana nevana vakaberekwa panguva yepamusoro-soro yekugumburwa kweChernobyl (Sperling et al. 1994b). Vana vakaberekerwa kumabvazuva kweRomania pakati peJuly 1, 1986 naDecember 31, 1987 vainyanyawo kutambura kubva pahucheche hwemucheche kune avo vakaberekerwa kare kana mushure mekunge.
- Munharaunda yekumaodzanyemba kweAustria mumavhiki mushure mengozi, miriwo yakadai sipinashi nemashizha yemashizha haana kubvumidzwa kutengeswa kuvanhu. Misi, kunyanya mukaka kubva kumakomo eAlpine, yakasvibiswa kweinopfuura gore. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzisina mvura, kunyanya chikamu chekumabvazuva kweAustria, iyo inokonzerwa neayodine yakawanda mumhepo yaiva yakakwirira panguva imwe chete kana mazuva maviri panguva iyo gore raisvibisa raifamba. Vanachiremba munharaunda idzi vanotaura kuti nhamba yevanhu vane zvirwere zvetachiona yakawedzera kubva muna 1990 zvichienda mberi.
- Vanenge 3 000 liquidator vaibva kuArmenia; Vana makumi masere vevarume ava vakadzidza uye vakawanikwa vachiwanzova hutano husina hutano, mamiriro ezvinhu anotambura kusanganisira pyelonephritis yechipiri, matambudziko emimba, tonsillitis, hyperthermic convulsions uye kupera. Vana gumi chete (27.3%) vakarondedzerwa se "vane hutano mukuita."
- ICzech Republic yakagamuchira kusagadzikana kwakaguma nehupamhi hwekusvibiswa, zvakare. chidzidzo chekenza yehutano yakavhara mamiriyoni 247 emunhu-makore akawana kuti pakati pe1976 na1990, kenza yekemikari yakanga ichikwira pamwero we 2% pagore. Zvisinei, kubva muna 1990 zvichienda mberi, mukana wacho wakasimuka pamusoro pekuwedzera kwe2% pagore.
- Chirwere chekemikari chakakwira zvikuru kumaodzanyemba kweEngland, nechokukwirira kwazvo muCumbria, nzvimbo iyo yakagamuchira kuparara kukuru kubva pangozi.
Poland yakatora matanho anoshanda ekuchengetedza vanhu vayo. Vanhu vazhinji havazivi kuti Chernobyl yaiva nharaunda yePoland kwemakore emakore. Nhasi, kupindura kwePoland kuChernobyl kunoonekwa semuenzaniso wehutano hwakanaka, hwehutano hwehutano hwehupenyu kune ngozi ye nyukireya. Mushure mokunge pangozi yeChernobyl, Poland yakagovera podasium iodide mapiritsi kumamiriyoni evanhu vayo. Aya mahwendefa akazadza chirwere chetrojeni ne iodine, achidzivirira kubvisa iodine yakavhiringidzika nevakawanda vePoland mushure mekukanganisa kweChernobyl. Vanotsvakurudza uye vanoongorora epidemiologists vanodavira izvi zvakabatsira kudzivirira tsvina mukenza yekemekisi sezvinoonekwa munzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzakapoteredza Chernobyl.
Chernobyl: Zvine Zvidzidzo Zvakadzidza Here?
Zvakawanda zvatinoziva mazuva ano nezvekudzivirira vanhu munharaunda yenjodzi yenyukireya yakauya nekudhura kweavo vaigara muChernobyl. Tinoziva nzira yokugadzira uye kuvaka maitiro anowanzove ane radiation muhutachiwana zvachose.
Kubva pahutano hwehutano hwehutano, tinewo pfungwa yakanakisisa yezvatinofanira kutarisira - kenza yemukenza yekodhi yakasimuka kune avo vakanga vasina kudzivirirwa ne iodide ye potassium uyewo kune avo vanonwa mukaka zvakasvibiswa nokuwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, sezvo vanachiremba nevatsvakurudzi vakabatanidzwa neGreenPeace "Chernobyl Catastrophe" mushumo wakataura kuti: "Mukutaura kwekunzwisisa kwakakwana kwezvinorehwa nengozi huru yenyukireya yehutano hwevanhu, zvinoratidzika kuti hatifambi mberi mberi kupfuura zvatakanga tambova kuputika kweChernobyl makore makumi maviri akapfuura. "
Izvozvo zvakava pachena mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika kwaMarch 2011 uye tsunami muJapan, izvo zvakakonzera kuora kweFukshima yenyukireya. Dambudziko reJapan rakauya makore mashoma kusvika pamakumi maviri nemasere kusvika pazuva rakatevera Chernobyl. Asi kunyange nezana remakore ekumazana ruzivo rwune simba renyukireya, mune imwe nyika inotsigira zvakanyanya simba renyukireya, Japan yakaratidza kukurukura kukurukurirana uye kutarisira nyaya yacho, kusinganzwisisiki uye kazhinji kunopesana zvirongwa zvekubuda, uye yakatadza kushayikwa kweeodide ye potassium mune dzimwe key regions. Panguva iyi, kumativi ose enyika, pane kusava nekunyatsonzwisisa pamusoro pekuti iodide ye potassium inogona-uye haigoni-kuita mumhepo inokurumidza kusimba; kwave kuine kuvhara nekugadziriswa kweiodide ye potassium kunze kweJapan, kusvibiswa kwezvokudya zvegungwa, uye zvimwe zvimwe zvinonetsa zvinosara kugadziriswa. hazvisi pachena kuti dzakawanda zvidzidzo zvinokosha zveChernobyl zvakanyatsodzidziswa.
Mashoko Omuzasi
(1) United Nations Yunivhesiti "Inzira Yakare Kurerazve: Mhinduro dzeMunharaunda kune Njodzi Dzakawanda" dzakagadziriswa naJames Mitchell © 1996
(2) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
(3) http://unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu21le/uu21le0h.htm
(4) http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/fact-sheets/chernobyl-bg.html
(5) http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid-cancer
(6) http://content.hks.harvard.edu/journalistsresource/pa/society/health/thyroid-cancers-in-ukraine-related-to-the-chernobyl-accident/
(7) http://www.time.com/time/daily/chernobyl/891113.coverup.html
(8) http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
(9) http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf)
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1867971
References
- http://www.naturalnews.com/031793_hyperthyroidism_radiation.html
- http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/svc-grp-further-info.pag?mode=open&sid=94934299
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/544071
- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/features/chernobyl-15/thyroid.shtml
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- http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/chernobyl/faqs.shtml
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- http://www.endocrineweb.com/news/thyroid-cancer/4780-un-releases-report-chernobyl-survivors-thyroid-cancer
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- http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2011/s3175469.htm
- http://inthesenewtimes.com/2011/04/02/the-chernobyl-nuclear-catastrophe-unacknowledged-health-detriment/
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- http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs303/en/index.html
- http://www.greenpeace.to/publications/Chernobyl_Health_Report.pdf
- http://culture.polishsite.us/articles/art410fr.htm
- http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/739180
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- http://www.healthvermont.gov/enviro/rad/KI_fact.aspx
Mutsvakurudzi / munyori Lisa Moretti akabatsira munyaya ino.