Zvirinhiviramu zvinogara matiri uye pamusoro pedu kupfuura masero edu. Microbiota muhutano hwevanhu ndeimwe yezvinyorwa zvinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo. Inotungamirira kushandiswa kwemagetsi uye kupindurwa kwezvirwere uye kunopa maitiro uye maitiro. Kusanzwisiswa kwakabatanidzwa kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana kusanganisira kuvhiringidza zvirwere zvezvirwere (IBD) uye zvinetso zvemagetsi.
Chirwere chinokonzera utachiona, kune rumwe rutivi, chinogona kuva nechidziviriro chinenge chakaratidzwa munyaya yeHelicobacter pylori, iyo yaimbova inozivikanwa chete nokuda kwekukuvadza kwayo.
Masayendisiti iye zvino anoziva kuti H.pylori -izvo zvakaitika, zvakawanikwawo mudumbu reEkeman Oetzi ane makore 5,300-anogona kudzivirira kurwisa asidi reflux uye asthma.
Microbiome kana Microbiota?
Microbiome uye microbiota vakagamuchira zvakawanda zvepasita munguva pfupi nekuda kwekufambira mberi kwesayenzi kwakabatana nekurapwa kwezvirwere uye zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvemagetsi. Pakave nemafungiro nenzira iyo mazwi maviri ari kushandiswa. Dr. Jonathan Eisen weYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Davis akataura kuti microbiome ikozvino inowanzoshandiswa kureva kuunganidzwa kwemakiromita anogara mune imwe nzvimbo mumuviri, somuenzaniso, mumvura yevanhu. Izwi iri raishandiswa kushandiswa muma 1800 uye rinowanikwa mubhuku rekare reItaly pamusoro pezvinyorwa uye gynecology.
Zvimwe zvinowanikwa zvinotendwa, zvakadai semagazini yesayenzi Nature , zvinotsanangurawo microbiome sezvenyeredzi mukati me microbiota. Mukuona kwavo, microbiota inoreva kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvipenyu.
Kunyange zvazvo zvichiita seine kusagadzikana mune kushandiswa kwemashoko, izwi rezvesayenzi rinobvumirana kuti mupiro wemakiromita kune hutano hwevanhu hunokosha.
Kunyange zvakadaro, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kudzidza kutungamirirwa kwavo zvakananga uye ukama hwechirwere kune zvirwere zvakasiyana.
Kushandura Microbiome pakati pevanhu
Muna 2016, chidzidzo chakabudiswa muChirongwa Chemhando (Medicine) chakatsanangura nzira yekuendesa mwana wechibereko chemamai kune mwana wake achangoberekwa.
Yakambosimbiswa kuti vana vakaberekerwa nechikamu chekuchengetedza zvikwereti vanowanzoita zvirwere zvinodzivirira. Sezvo mararamiro avo asingatauri pachena kumudzimai we microbome, pakarepo mushure mekuberekwa, chirwere chavo che microbiome chinofanana nechomuviri wavo. Kusiyana neizvi, vana vakaberekerwa mumadzimai vane chirwere chinonzi microbiome chinofanana nemadzimai echikadzi, uye chinoita sechidzivirira pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Chimwe chigadziro chakagadzirwa naChishopi Purofesa Maria Dominguez-Bello kubva kuYunivhesiti yeNew York akatarisa kuendesa maamai emadzimai emadzimai kumucheche akaberekwa neC-chikamu. Vanaamai vakagadziriswa uye vana vakaroreswa mushure mokuberekwa. Paakaedzwa mushure memwedzi, vana vachangoberekwa vakaputirwa nevakadzi vebhakitiri vemazuva ano vachiri ne microbiome iyo yakafanana chaizvo nemukadzi. Izvi zvinoshandiswa kumera kwechikadzi shure kweC-section, iyo inozivikanwawo se "vaginal seeding", inogona kuva nzira inokosha mune ramangwana uye inogona kubatsira kudzivirira mamwe mamiriro ekudzivirira.
Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinonyevera kuti kunyange zvazvo tsika iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira, zvikomborero zvayo hazvina kuonekwa zvakare. Dr. Aubrey Cunnington, weImperial College London, anotaura kuti vaginhi yemvura inogonawo kutakura mabhakitiriya uye mavairasi anogona kuve akaipa kune mwana. Kubva ikozvino, vashandi vehutano vagara vachingorayirwa kuti varege kuita vaginal mbeu.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) kana kuti bacteriotherapy yakave ichiongororwa. Izvo, zvakadai, yakashandiswa kune varwere vane kusawirirana kwebhakitiriya mumatumbo avo semugumisiro wemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakaparadza mabhakitiriya anobatsira.
Vanhu vakaonekwa kuti vanowanzove neClostridium difficile colitis (iyo inogona kuitika kune vanhu vanotora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya) iye zvino inogona kurapwa nekutumirwa kwechigaro kubva kune anopa simba . C. difficile zvirwere zvinonzi inowanzoonekwa muchipatara-yakawana zvirwere. Utachiona hunowanzokonzera kubuda kwemashure. Vanachiremba vaviri veDanish, Dr. Michael Tvede naDkt. Christian Rask-Madsen, vakagadzira rudzi rwebhakiteriotherapy runoratidzira ruzhinji rwezvinogona mukurapa chirwere chinokonzerwa neCdirectile bhakteri. Kufanana neFMT nzira yavo, inonzi rectal bacteriotherapy (RBT), chinangwa chekudzorerazve hutachiwana hwemakumbo microflora. Chidzidzo chevarwere vashanu vakagamuchira RBT vakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwakabudirira kusvika kusvika kuzana makumi mapfumbamwe evarwere vavo (pamwe nemigumisiro yepamusoro kune avo vasina chirwere chemimba). Tvede naRask-Madsen vanobvuma kuti kune nguva dzose njodzi dzinobatanidzwa kana kuvhara murwere ane mabhakitiriya anorarama, somuenzaniso, ropa retachiona rinogona kukura. Mazuva gumi apedza RBT, mumwe wevarwere vavo akaendeswa kuchipatara ane chirwere chakaoma, zvichida chakabatana neRBT.
Munhu-Gut-on-a-Chip Technology
Boka rinobva kuHarvard University rakagadzira hukuru mukudzidza mabhakitiriya nekuputika nekushandisa vanhu-gut-on-a-chip teknolojia kune micro-engineer maitiro akadzivirirwa ematumbo evanhu. Uyu muenzaniso-ukuru hwemakombiyuta memori inoyevedza-inoenzanisa mamiriro ezvinhu emuviri mumatumbo evanhu, anoita kuti vatsvakurudzi vadzidze kukura kwebhakitiriya nekuputika kwemvura. Kwenguva yokutanga, masayendisiti anokwanisa kuongorora kusiyana kwepatiphysiological mhinduro uye mupiro wezvirwere nemasero ega mu vitro.
Nheyo dzakadai seBiome dziri kuwedzera, kuchinja kuongororwa kwebhakitiriya yevanhu kuva vagari vesayenzi. Zvisinei, idzi idzi dzinozivikanwa dzinogona kunge dziine zvakawanda zvisingakwanisi. Sayenzi ichiri mucheche, uye kutarisa chete mabhakitiriya mumatumbo edu hazviiti kuti tipe mufananidzo wakazara wegadziriro yemagariro uye hutano hwepamuviri.
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> Dominguez-Bello M, De Jesu-Laboy K, Clemente J, et al. Kusarudzwa Kwemazana e Microbiota yevana vakaberekwa naKesariya vachishandisa Vaginal Microbial Transfer. Nature Medicine . 2016; (3): 250-254
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