Vose antigenic drift uye antigenic kushanduka mazwi anoshandiswa kurondedzera nzira iyo chirwere chechirwere chinoshandura kupfuura nguva. Kushandura kunenge kushanduka kuduku apo kuchinja kunokosha.
Antigenic Drift
Antigenic drift ishoko rinoshandiswa kurondedzera imwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa nehutachiona (zvirwere) zvirwere uye zvinoshandura. Inotsanangura kushanduka kwechidiki muropa rerwere .
Kana chirwere chinopfurikidza nemukondombera chichichinja kana chichichinja zvishomanana, chinoratidzika zvakasiyana nemasikirwo edu ezvirwere.
Saka ma antibodies ayo muviri wako wakasika gore rapera mukupindura chirwere chemaguru kana chirwere chepukama hachizivi zvakare "mutsva" utachiona. Ichi ndicho chikonzero tinogona kurwara nehutachiona kupfuura kamwechete. Kuzvidzivirira kwatinoita kune chirwere chepukirusi chakaita kuti tive varwere gore rapera (kana makore gumi akapfuura, etc.) zvakasikwa pasina uye hazvina maturo pamusoro pehutachiwana hwakashandura zvishoma uye zvino hunoita sechinhu chakasiyana.
Ichi chinonzi antigenic drift ndicho chikonzero chatinoda mishonga inorwara yezvirwere gore rega rega uye chikonzero chekuti tinogona kurwara kubva kurwere kakawanda muupenyu hwedu.
Zvose zvirwere zveH influenza A uye B zvinotapurika.
Antigenic Shift
Kuchinja kweAntigenic ndiko kuchinja kukuru muropa rekurwisa. Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana chirwere chepfupa chevanhu chinopinda nehosha ye fluvha iyo inowanzotarisa mhuka (dzakadai seshiri kana nguruve).
Apo zvirwere zvinotapira mutate, dzinoshanduka kuti dzigadzire mutsara wechidiki wakasiyana nezvinoonekwa nevanhu.
Izvi zvinogona kuitika nenzira nhatu:
- Utachiona hwemapfupa evanhu hunobata mhuka yakadai sevenguruve. Nguruve imwechete inotapukirwa nehutachiona hwechirwere kubva pane imwe mhuka yakaita sedha. Zvirwere zviviri zvepukanana zvinogona kusanganisa nekuchinja, kuumba rudzi rutsva rwakakwana rwehutachiona hunogona kupararira kuvanhu.
- Dambudziko rekurwara kwechirwere rinopfuurira kune vanhu risina chero mararamiro ekuchinja.
- Dambudziko rerima rinopfuurira kune rumwe rudzi rwemhuka (rwakadai senguruve) uye runopfuudzwa kune vanhu risina kugadziriswa kwechimiro.
Apo shanduko huru ye antigenic yakaita seyi inoitika, vashomanana chaizvo vanhu vane chero mhando yekudzivirirwa kune itsva, kana "inovhura", chirwere chemaguru.
Apo zvirwere zvinoputika zvinowanzoitika munhau ino ichangobva kuzivikanwa, yakange yakavapo nekuda kwekuchinja kweanorgenic muhutachiona. Nenzira yakanaka, idzi shizha dzinowanzoitika nguva nenguva, dzichikonzera hutatu hwechokwadi hwechirwere chinoputika muzana remakore rapfuura .
Ichi chikuru chekushandura chinonzi antigenic chinongoitika chete kune hutachiona A mavairasi.
Izvi zvinopesana nemasikirini uye mashizha zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kukudziridza zvirwere zvepukisi uye mishonga ichaitora. Vatsvakurudzi vari kutarisira kuti vachakwanisa kukura chirwere chinoshanda chinotarisa chikamu chetachiona chisina kukanganiswa nekuchinja uku, zvichiita kuti " Universal Flu Vaccine " inongoda kudiwa pane imwe nguva pane gore rose.
Kusvikira zuva iro rinouya, tichada kuramba tichiwana nguva yekuputika uye kutora matanho ezuva rega rega kuti tidzivirire kubva kurwere.
Sources:
Nzira Iyo Mushonga weFlu Inogona Kuchinja: "Shift" uye "Drift" Seasonal Influenza (Flu) 8 Feb 11. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Dhipatimendi reHutano neHuman Services. 14 Oct 13.
Antigenic Drift Flu 14 Jan 11. National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Dhipatimendi reHutano neHuman Services. 14 Oct 13.
Antigenic Shift Flu (Influenza) 14 Jan 11. National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases. National Institutes of Health. Dhipatimendi reHutano neHuman Services. 14 Oct 13.