Kunyange apo vanhu vevidistic vanoshandisa mutauro, vane nguva yakaoma yekukurukurirana
Vanhu vazhinji vane autism (kunyange zvisingaiti zvachose) vanogona kutaura. Ichokwadi, vamwe vanhu vane autism vanotaura zvakawanda. Kazhinji yenguva, kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vane autism vanotaura zvakasiyana kubva kune vanhu vane chirwere chemaurotypical . Zvimwe zvekusiyana kwacho zvinobatanidza nekugadzirwa kwechokwadi uye kushandiswa kwekutaura. Vamwe vakabatana nekutaura kwemashoko "mutauro" uye mamwe maitiro evanhu.
Kunyange zvakadaro vamwe vari kunyatsonzwisisana uye kupindura kune zvido zvetsika.
Chii Chinonzi Kutaura Kwemashoko Kunonoka?
Sangano reAmerican Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA) rinorondedzera kutaura kwechimiririro seine zvinhu zvitatu:
Kushandisa mutauro kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana, zvakadai
- kukwazisa (p., hello, kubvisa)
- kuzivisa (semuenzaniso, ndichaenda nekiki)
- achida (semupe, Ndipei cookie)
- achivimbisa (semuenzaniso, ini ndiri kuenda kuzokupa cookie)
- kukumbira (semuenzaniso, ndinoda cookie, ndapota)
Kuchinja mutauro maererano nezvinodikanwa nemuteereri kana mamiriro ezvinhu, akadai
- achitaura zvakasiyana nemucheche kupfuura kune munhu mukuru
- kupa ruzivo rwemashoko kumuteereri usingazivi
- achitaura zvakasiyana mukirasi kupfuura pane imwe nzvimbo yekutamba
Kutevera mitemo yekukurukurirana nekutaura nyaya, zvakadai
- kutendeuka pakukurukurirana
- kutanga nyaya dzekutaura
- kugara pahurukuro
- maitiro ekushandisa zvirevo nemashoko uye zvisingaiti
- nzira yekushandisa chiso chemaziso uye kuonana kweziso
Zvechokwadi, mitemo yekutaura nekukurukurirana inokonzera kubva munharaunda kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo uye inogona kunge yakasiyana zvachose kubva kune rumwe rudzi kuenda kune rumwe rudzi. Asi kukwanisa kuchengeta, kunzwisisa, uye kushandisa mitemo iyi (uye kuita shanduko yakakodzera mumagariro akasiyana-siyana evanhu) ndicho chinhu chinoita kuti mutauro unogamuchirwa uye utaurirane.
Iyo Autism Inobatsira Sei Pragmatic Speech
Kune vanhu vane autism, kutaura kwechi pragmatic inenge nguva dzose nyaya pane imwe nzvimbo. Zviri pachena kuti munhu asingatauri ari kutarisana nematambudziko akasiyana nemunhu wemashoko, asi vose vari vaviri vanogona kubatsirwa pakunzwisisa maziso, kwete mazwi, kutora kutora, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Kunyange zvazvo autistic kutaura mitauro yakasiyana kubva pamunhu kusvika kune munhu, vanhu vane autism vanogona:
- ramba ruchikurira kana runyararo kudarika tsika inotarisirwa
- taura nenzwi rakanyanyisa kana kushandisa shanduro yakasiyana kudarika
- dzokorora zvese zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa kubva kumitambo yeTV, mavhidhiyo, kana mafirimu
- taura pamusoro pezvinoita sechinhu chisingaiti-nyaya
- kutungamirira hurukuro nehurukuro pamusoro pehurukuro inofarira ivo pachavo
- vanotaura zvinhu zvakafanana kakawanda (zvichireva chaizvoizvo kutaura zvimwechetezvo zvakapfuurirwa, kana kushandisa mazwi akafanana nenzira yakafanana nekupfuura; semuenzaniso, achiti "izvo zvakanaka" mukupindura kumashoko ose)
- bvunza mibvunzo kana kuti ruzivo ruzivo nezvemashoko anowanzoonekwa seanoti kana kuti angave ane hanya (semuenzaniso "Saka, iwe unotsamwiswa here pamusoro pekurambana kwako munguva pfupi yapfuura?" kana kuti "Ndakaenda kuna chiremba zuro uye ndaifanira kupa urini shanduro.")
- pinda hurukuro kana ivo vasina kukokwa, uye / kana kusiya mharidzo musati nyaya yacho ichitaridzika yapfuura
- vane nguva yakaoma kuziva kuvhunduka, majee, madivi uye mazwi akadai se "mubhodhoro unodana ketheni yakasviba" kunze kwekuti zvichitsanangurwa
- shandisa mutauro unoratidzika usingakodzeri mamiriro ezvinhu (asingashamisi, asingashamisi, achiedza kunakidza mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kana kuedza kuva wakakomba mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kuchenjera)
- bvunza mibvunzo zviri nyore kuitira kuti vataure pfungwa dzavo pachavo kana maonero (semuenzaniso "Unoda telescopes?" Ndinoda terefonikiti, ndine matatu awo ... Mumwe wavo ndeye Celestron ... "
- taura chokwadi, usingazivi kana kuzivisa chokwadi kuchava nemigumisiro yakaipa ("hongu, iyo mbatya inokuita kuti utaridze mafuta")
- vanokanganisa kana kuramba kuramba vari mumhando yehurukuro-iyo inowanzotarisa kushamwaridzana pakati pevanhu vatsva vazivana kana mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma (kutaura kwemahepo, somuenzaniso)
Maitiro eTherapists Anogona Kubatsira
Vose vanotaura maharaputi uye unyanzvi hwemagariro vanodzidza maitiro vanobata nevana vane simba uye vanhu vakuru kuti vakunde kuchema kwekutaura kutaura. Mhuri neshamwari vanogonawo kubatsira nekushingaira kudzidzisa, kutevedzera, uye kuita-kutamba mitauro yakakodzera yakakodzera uye kushandiswa kwemutauro. Kusiyana nedzimwe nzira dzokurapa, kutaura uye ruzivo rwemagariro ehutano zvinogona kuita kusiyana kukuru kune vose nevakuru.
Kuvandudzika mumashandiro ekutaura kwechirgmatic kunogona kuita mutsauko wakakura mune zvevamwe kupindura kune vanhu vane ASD. Zvakakosha kucherechedza, zvisinei, kuti zvinokwanisika "kuderedza" vana vevististic, kunyanya, kusvika pakanoshandiswa mutauro wavo zvakanyatsoruramisa asi sevanhu "kubva." Yakashamisa asi ichokwadi, mwana ane autism anozunungusa maoko nemunhu mukuru, anotarisa iye muziso , uye anoti "Zvinonakidza kukuonana newe" kuzvibata, kwete semwana, asi sebhizimisi peer!
Sources:
> Adams, C. (2015). Kuongororwa uye kupindira kwevana vane kukanganisa kwemutauro wemu pragmatic. Muna DA Hwa-Froelich (Mupepeti), Kukurukurirana kwehutano nekusawirirana (pp. 141-170). New York: Psychology Press.
> American Speech-Mutauro-Kunzwa Sangano. Mutauro Wemagariro Evanhu Shandisa (Pragmatics). 2017.
> Brukner-Wertman, Yael et al. Utano (pragmatic) kutaurirana chirwere uye ukama hwaro ne autist spectrum: dambudziko rinokonzerwa nechikwata che DSM-5. Zvinyorwa zve Autism uye Developmental Disorder. August 2016, Bhuku 46, Nyaya 8, mapeji 2821-2829.