Medulloblastoma chirwere chekenza chepfungwa. Kanzera yehupombwe chirwere chiri muuropi. Kazhinji, matumire muuropi anogona kubva muuropi pachake, kana kuti inogona kubva kune imwe nzvimbo uye kusvibiswa (kupararira) kuuropi. Medulloblastoma imwe yemakumbo emakumbo anobva muuropi pachake, munharaunda inonzi brainstem.
Zviratidzo
Kune zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zve medulloblastoma. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Headaches
- Chizutu
- Kuenzanisa kwakashata uye kubatana
- Sluggishness
- Zvisingaoneki maziso
- Chiratidzo chisina kuonekwa kana kuonekwa kaviri
- Kushaya simba kwechiso kana dhoni yechiso kana maziso
- Kushaya simba kana kushaya simba kune rumwe rutivi rwomuviri
- Kurasikirwa kwekuziva
Zviratidzo zve medulloblastoma zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekukuvadza kwe cerebellum kana kushandiswa kune zvivako zvepamusoro zveuropi, zvakadai seuropiyo, kana kuti semugumisiro we hydrocephalus (kunyanya kushandiswa kwemvura mumhepo.)
Kutanga
Medulloblastoma inotangira mu cerebellum, iri mune imwe nzvimbo yedehenya rinotsanangurwa se post post fossa. Iyi nharaunda inosanganisa kwete chete cerebellum asiwo brainstem.
Iko inonzi controls inotarisa kuenzanisa nekubatana uye iri seri kwe brain brain. Nhengo dzehutano dzinosanganisira midbrain, pons, uye medulla uye inobvumira kukurukurirana pakati peuropi pamwe nemamwe muviri wose pamwe nekudzora mabasa anokosha zvakadai sekufema, kumedza, kushaya moyo uye kuwedzerwa kweropa.
Sezvo medulloblastoma inokura mukati me cerebellum, inogona kudzvinyirira pons uye / kana medulla zvichikonzera zviratidzo zvehutano zvehutachiona, kusanganisira kaviri maonero, kutadza kwechiso, nekuderera pfungwa. Mitsetse iri pedyo inogonawo kusimbiswa ne medulloblastoma.
Hydrocephalus
Chivako chemvura chinokonzera kukanganisa muuropi chimwe chezvinhu zvinoratidza medulloblastoma, kunyange zvazvo munhu wose ane medulloblastoma inoumba hydrocephalus.
Iyo posterior fossa, iyo inharaunda umo brain brain and cerebellum iripo, inodyiswa nehuwandu hwemvura inonzi CSF (cerebrospinal fluid), kufanana nehumwe hwose hweuropi. Izvi zvinoputika munzvimbo yose iyo inopinza uye inopoteredza uropi nemutsipa wesipinha. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai, hapana zvipikiso mukati memhara ino.
Kakawanda, medulloblastoma inodzivisa muviri unotenderera unobuda mumhepo yakachena, zvichiita kuti mvura yakawanda iwedzere uye yakakomberedza uropi. Izvi zvinonzi hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus inogona kukonzera kurwadziwa kwemuviri, zviratidzo zvehutano nehutachiona. Kuparara kwehutano kunogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana uye kwekuremara kwepanyama.
Kubviswa kwehuwandu hwemvura inowanzodiwa. Kana iyo inonaya inoda kubviswa kazhinji, VP (ventriculoperitoneal) shunt inogona kudiwa. A VP shunt ipurasitiki inokwanisa kuongororwa muuropi kuti iwedzere kuderedza kupfurikidza kwemvura yakanyanya.
Kuziva
Kuongororwa kwe medulloblastoma kunotsigira kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete.
Kunyange kana iwe uine zviratidzo zvinowanzobatanidzwa ne medulloblastoma, zvinowanzoitika kuti iwe hauna kunyanya kushandisa medulloblastoma- nokuti iri chirwere chisingawanzoitiki.
Zvisinei, kana iwe uine chero zviratidzo zvinoratidza medulloblastoma, zvakakosha kuona chiremba wako nekukurumidza nokuti chinokonzera chinogona kuva medulloblastoma kana chimwe chinhu chakakomba chirwere chepfungwa.
- Nhoroondo nekuongorora kwemuviri: Chiremba wako angangokubvunza mibvunzo yakazara pamusoro pekunyunyuta kwako. Panguva yekushanya kwako mune zvekurapa, chiremba wako achaitawo kunyatsoongorora kwepanyama, pamwe nekuongororwa kwakajeka kwepfungwa. Migumisiro yenyaya yako yezvechiremba uye kuongorora kwepanyama kunogona kubatsira pakunyorera zvakanakisisa matanho anotevera mukuongorora dambudziko rako.
- Kubwinya kwebongo : Kana nhoroondo yako uye yepanyama inokurudzira medulloblastoma, chiremba wako anogona kutora zvidzidzo zveuropi imaging, zvakadai seBriin MRI. Uropi MRI inogona kupa chimiro chakanaka che posterior fossa cheuropi, iyo nzvimbo iyo medulloblastoma inotanga kukura.
- Nyuchi: Bhiopsy ndeyekunyanya kushandiswa kwekukura kana tumarara nekuda kwekutarisa micheka yakabviswa pasi pe microscope. Migumisiro yebiopsy inoshandiswa kubatsira kubatsira kutsvaga matanho anotevera. Muzvinyorwa, kana zvichizoitika kuti une chiremera chakine mararamiro e medulloblastoma, iwe unogona kuongororwa nokuda kwokuvhiya kubviswa kwechirwere, kwete chechipsy. Bhiopsy inowanzobatanidza kusunurwa kwehuwandu hwezvimedu. Kazhinji, kana iwe unogona kuchengetedzwa zvakachengeteka, kubviswa kwechiremera chikuru sezvinobvira kunorudzirwa.
Zvaunotarisira
Medulloblastoma inonzi inorwara nekenza, zvinoreva kuti inogona kupararira. Kazhinji, medulloblastoma inopararira muhupi hwose uye musana, zvichiita zviratidzo zvehutano. Iyo inowanzopararira kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri kunze kwenheyo yenheyo.
Kurapa
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa pakurapa medulloblastoma, uye dzinowanzoshandiswa pamwe chete.
- Kuvhiya : Kana iwe kana wako waunoda ane medulloblastoma, kubviswa kwakakwana kwebvudzi kunokurudzirwa. Iwe uchada kuva nehuropi yekufungidzira kuongororwa uye kutanga kushanda kwepamusoro kusati kwavhiyiwa.
- Chemotherapy : Chemotherapy ine mishonga ine simba inoshandiswa kuparadza masero ekenza. Izvi zvakagadziriswa kubvisa kana kukanganisa sechiremera chepamusoro sezvinobvira, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzechipfuva chingave chakapararira kubva pachirwere chepakutanga. Kune mishonga yakasiyana-siyana yemakemikarirapeutic, uye chiremba wako achagadzirisa kukodzera kwakakunakira iwe zvichienderana nekuoneka kwechiremera chechiremera, ukuru hwechiremera, uko yakapararira zvakadini, uye makore ako. Chemotherapy inogona kutorwa nemuromo, IV (intravenously) kana intrathecally (injected directly in the system system).
- Radiation : Radiation therapy inowanzoshandiswa pakurapa kenza, kusanganisira medulloblastoma. Mazairo akachengetwa anogona kutungamirirwa kunharaunda yechirwere kubatsira kubatsira kuderedza ukuru uye kudzivirira kudzokorora.
Prognosis
Nokurapa, kuponeswa kwemakore mashanu evanhu vanoonekwa kuti vane medulloblastoma inowirirana zvichienderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira:
- Zera : Vacheche vari pasi pezera remakore 1 vanofungidzirwa kuti vane makore makumi matatu nemakumi mashanu ekupona, asi vana vane 60-80 muzana makore mashanu aripo. Vanhu vakuru vanofungidzirwa kuti vane makore makumi mashanu kusvika ku60 kubva muzana varipo, uye vakuru vakwegura vanowanzogadziriswa nekupona kupfuura vaduku vaduku.
- Kukura kwemuviri: Zvidiki zviduku zvinowanzobatanidzwa nemigumisiro iri nani kudarika zviremara zvakakura.
- Tumhanho inopararira: Mishonga isina kupararira kunze kwenzvimbo yekutanga inobatanidza nemigumisiro iri nani pane matume akapararira.
- Zvingangodaro bundu rose rinogona kubviswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa: Kana bundu rose rakabviswa, pane mukana wakaderera wekudzoka uye mukana wakanaka wekupona kupfuura izvo zvinoonekwa apo kuchine chirwere chinoramba chiripo mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Chikonzero icho chiremera chisingazobviswa zvachose ndechekuti inogona kunge yakanyatsobatana neyo kana yakabatanidzwa nenharaunda yeuropi iyo inokosha pakupona.
- Kuoma kwechirwere chinoenderana nehutachiona (kubvunzurudzwa pasi pekroscope): Kunyange zvazvo biopsy isiri iyo inofamba nhanho apo medulloblastoma inobviswa, inogona kuongororwa ne microscope kuti iongorore zvido zvakadzama, zvinogona kubatsira kutungamira zvisarudzo pamusoro pemirairo uye chemotherapy.
Age Range uye Incidence
Medulloblastoma ndiyo inonyanya kurwarisa utachiona hwehupombwe muvana, asi ichiri chisinganzwisisiki, kunyange muvana.
- Vana : Zuva rekuongororwa rinosvika pakati pemakore mashanu nemakore gumi, asi rinogona kuitika mucheche uye muvechiri kuyaruka. Pasi rose, medulloblastoma inofungidzirwa kuchinja pamusoro pevana 4-6 pamamiriyoni muUnited States neCanada, nevana vanenge 500 vakawanikwa vane medulloblastoma muUnited States gore rega roga.
- Vakuru : Medulloblastoma ibasa rinowanikwa vashoma pasi pezera remakore makumi maviri nemashanu, uye rinonyanya kushandiswa shure kweizvozvo. Anenge chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana chemakumbo emakumbo kuvanhu vakuru ndeye medulloblastoma.
Genetics
Kazhinji yenguva, medulloblastoma haisanganiswi nehupi hunogona kuisa njodzi, kusanganisira genetics. Zvisinei, pane zvishoma zvema genetic syndromes zvinogona kubatanidzwa nekuwedzera kwemaitiro e medulloblastoma, kusanganisira Gorlin syndrome uye Turcot syndrome.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana iwe kana mudiwa wako wakamboonekwa kana kurapwa kuti uve medulloblastoma, inogona kunge yakaoma zvikuru. Inogona kukanganisawo mabasa ehupenyu akadai sechikoro uye basa. Kana iwe uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinetseka, unoda kuwana mushonga wechirwere zvakare. Izvi zvinogona kutora makore mashomanana uye kazhinji zvinosanganisira kurapa kwepanyama uye yebasa.
Vana vazhinji nevakuru vanopora kubva ku medulloblastoma uye vanogona kukwanisa kurarama hupenyu hune hupenyu uye hunogutsa. Kurapa kenza yemamota akawanda kunowedzera kubudirira, zvichiita kuti mugumisiro uve nani uye kurapa kunoregererwa.
> Sources:
> Kramer K, Pandit-taskar N, Humm JL, et al. Chikamu chechipiri chekuongorora radioimmunotherapy ne intraventricularI-3F8 ye medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018; 65 (1)
> Johnston DL, Keene D, Kostova M, uye al. Nharaunda ye medulloblastoma muCanada vana. J Neurooncol. 2014; 120 (3): 575-9.
> Atalar B, Ozsahin M, Danai J, et al. Kuchengetedzwa kwehutano uye chirevo chekufananidzira kwevarwere vakura vane medulloblastoma: Chiitiko cheRare Cancer Network (RCN). Radiother Oncol. 2018;