Long QT syndrome (LQTS), chirwere chinokonzerwa nehupenyu chinokanganisa magetsi emwoyo, ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nekufa kamwe-kamwe mumitambo miduku. Zvirongwa zvekutyisidzira upenyu zvinoratidzwa neLQTS zvinowanzoitika panguva yekurovedza muviri, saka kuvanhu vakawanda vane chirwere ichi vanofanira kunge vashoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vanovhiringidzika havawanzobvumirwi kubasa zvachose.
Kuziva kuti chii chinobvumirwa ndicho chinokosha kuti vagare vakachengeteka.
Chii Chinonzi Long QT Syndrome?
LQTS ibasa rinokanganisa rinopedzisa "recharging" yemasikirini emwoyo mushure mekunge "yadzingwa" nemoyo wemagetsi. Kunonoka uku kunoratidzwa nechikamu chenguva refu yeQT pane ECG . Izvo zvinokonzera magetsi zvinosanganiswa neLQTS zvinogona kuita kuti mwoyo isarimthmias (chimiro che ventricular tachycardia chinonzi torsades de pointses) chingaita kuti syncope (kurasikirwa kwekuziva) kana kufa kamwe kamwe.
Mune varwere vakawanda vane LQTS, njodzi yekudzikisa zvirongwa izvi zvinowedzera panguva yekurovedza muviri.
Kazhinji, neLQTS, hapana zviratidzo zvachose kusvikira munhu akabatwa achiona tricycardia ye ventricular (zvakare, kazhinji panguva yekuedza). Apo iyi arrhythmia inosvika, zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana kubva kumasekonzi mashomanana ekuzununguka kwakanyanya kusvika pakuziva kusinganzwisisiki uye kufa kubva pamwoyo kusungwa.
Kuongororwa kunoitwa nekuongorora ECG, iyo inoratidza nguva yakatarwa yeQT.
Kunyange zvazvo LQTS iri dambudziko rakagara nhaka, pane zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvayo (zvinokwana kune mazita akasiyana-siyana akasiyana-siyana angave akabatanidzwa). Kunyange zvazvo mamwe maitiro akangoerekana aine njodzi yekufa kamwe kamwe, dzimwe dzisina ngozi.
Kakawanda, varwere avo vari pangozi yakakura vachave nemhuri yakasimba nhoroondo yevanhu vakawana syncope kana kufa kamwe kamwe, kazhinji munguva yekurovedza muviri.
LQTS inowanzobatwa ne beta blockers , nekudzivisa zvinodhaka zvinokonzera kuwedzerwa kwenguva refu kwemukati we QT. Kana njodzi yekufa kamwe-kamwe inofungidzirwa seyopamusoro, iyo inogadziriswa inogadziriswa inogona kudiwa.
Ndezvipi Zvikurusa Zvokudzidzira Kuita Kune Vechidiki Vechidiki Vane LQTS?
Vanhu vane LQTS vanokurudzirwa kuti vadzivise mabasa avo kumitambo yakaderera kana imwe yeiyi inoshanda kwavari:
- nhoroondo yekurasikirwa kwechizivo (syncope) kana kusunungurwa kubva pamwoyo kusungwa
- Nguva dzeKT dzinowedzera kwenguva refu (kureva kuti, chiyero chinonzi "yakagadziriswa QT interval - QTc - inowedzera kusvika 470 msec mumarume, kana 480 msec muvakadzi)
Chero ani naani ane LQTS asinganyatsozivi kuti vanofanira kudzivirira basa zvakadini vanofanira kutaura nachiremba wavo.
Pakati pese, kuderera-kwakadzidzira maitiro akadai sebowling kana gorofu, uye kuenzanisa-kuwedzera kwekuita basa zvakadai seviri tennis, mabheji uye kukwikwidza, zvinobvumirwa kune vamwe vakawanda vechidiki vaduku vane LQTS.
Zvichipa chokwadi chokuti mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeLQTS dzinoonekwa, basa rakasiyana-siyana rinokurudzirwa rinogona kuva rakanaka kune dzimwe subtypes. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vane LQTS mhando 3 vanoita kunge vane ngozi shoma panguva yekurovedza kupfuura avo vane mamwe marudzi; vanhu vane LQTS rwiyo 1 vanogona kuva pangozi chaiyo panguva yokunyorera kana kupona.
Saka, vatambi vane utsinye vangada kufunga kuti vane mazita ekugadzirwa kwemajini, kuitira kuti kubvumira maitiro avo ekurudziro ave akaenzana nehupenyu hwavo hwakasiyana.
MunaNovember 2015, kurovedza mazano kumakwikwi okukwikwidzana neLQTS kwakarongedzwa zvakare neAmerican Heart Association uye American College of Cardiology. Nyanzvi zvino dzinokurudzira kuti, kana vechikwata vaduku vane LQTS vasina zviratidzo (kunyanya pasina zvikamu zvekudzivirira kana kuti syncope inobatanidza nekuvhiya), vanogona kupinda mumakwikwi emakwikwi IF:
Ivo, vanachiremba, nevabereki vavo kana vatarisi (kana vari ivo vaduku) vanonzwisisa zviitiko zvinogona kukonzerwa nevatambi vemakwikwi, uye vanoda uye vanogona kutora matanho akakodzera
- vanodzivisa chero mishonga inowedzera nguva yeKT
- ivo vanowana munhu anozvigadzirisa kunze kwekudzivirira defibrillator (AED) sechikamu chezvavanoita zvemitambo yemitambo
- vatungamiri vemauto vanodzidziswa uye vakagadzirira kutora matanho akakodzera kana dambudziko rinofanira kubuda, kusanganisira simba uye chido chekushandisa AED
> Sources:
> Moss AJ. Long QT Syndrome. JAMA 2003; 289: 2041.
> Li H, Fuentes-Garcia J, Towbin JA. Current Concepts in Long QT Syndrome. Pediatr Cardiol 2000; 21: 542.
> Zipes, DP, Ackerman, MJ, Estes NA, 3rd, et al. Task Force 7: Arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 1354.
> Maron BJ, Zipes DP, Kovacs RJ, et al. Kukodzera uye Kurasikirwa Zvikurudziro zveVakwikwidzi Vanomhanya Nemagetsi Ane Mamiriro Okusawirirana. Circulation 2015; DOI: 10.1161 / CIR.0000000000000236.