Transvers Process, Lamina uye More. Anatomy yepamuviri kune Yose Yedu

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Mabheoni eSpine

Kurwadziwa kwekudzokera shure kunosanganisira zita rechikamu chemutsanga kubva apo chiremba wako anotenda kuti kurwadziwa kunomuka. Ichi chinyorwa ndeche mini-crash course pamusoro penheyo dzemapfupa emumumumvupa, nokuda kwako.

Mutsara wepelinha inoumbwa ne 24 vertebrae mumwe nomumwe inobva kuhenya kusvika ku sacrum.

The sacrum bone - iyo ndiyo mapfupa mashanu anotanga kufambisa pazera remakore rimwe chete, uye fusion yakakwana inenge makore makumi matatu - pamwe chete necoccyx bone, izere musana pamucheto wekombodhi. (The coccyx ndiro zita rakapiwa muswe wako.)

Panzvimbo dzine ruvara uye dzine mutezo, mutsara unobatanidza kune nenyuchi uye mapepa kuita chigadziko, kana kuti chinhe.

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Vertebra

Izwi rokuti 'vertebra' rinoreva mumwe musipfupa bone. 'Vertebrae' ishoko rekuwanda kwezwi.

A vertebra ine muviri we-cylindrical mberi uye bhandi rinonamatira kumashure.

Muviri we vertebra is stacking agent; mune mamwe mazwi, muromo wepelinha unoumbwa nemagetsi makumi maviri nemashanu, ayo akabatanidzwa rimwe pamusoro peimwe. Ichi ndicho chinopa hutano hunokosha hwemukati.

Bhandi yebhino inonamatirwa kumashure kwechiedza chekutenderera; iyo ine zvikamu zvinobatsira pakubatana kwemaitiro (izvo zvinogona kuoma zvakaoma, nekukurumidzira.) Nhengo idzi dzinopawo nzvimbo yemasipinal muscle uye ligaments kuti ubatanidze.

Mutsipa wepelinha unopfuura nomugwagwa wakareba wakagadzirwa nemiti yakasvibiswa mukatikati memutsipa wepelinha, unonzi mupinal canal. Nzira yepelinha inovakwa nehupakati mukati mezvindori zvevhisi dzose makumi maviri nemana makumi maviri nemashanu dzinoumba chikamu.

Mitsipa inobuda kubva mumutsipa wepelinha uye ichibuda mumupendero achishandisa mabhudzi maduku pamativi emapfupa, anonzi neuralforamina. I-neuralforamina yakavakwa kubva kumigwagwa kumativi kumativi akaputika ayo akabatanidzwa pamwechete.

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The Vertebral Bodies and Intervertebral Discs

Icho chimiro chemuviri ndicho chikamu chikuru uye chinotsigira chaizvo vertebra.

Sezvakakurukurwa pamusoro apa, chimiro chemavara chirongwa chikuru chakakomba chinopa husigiro hwekusimudza kuburikidza nehomwe yacho. Iro rakagadzirwa nechepamusoro pamusoro pemumwe kune rimwe mumitumbi yegungwa.

Pakati pemitumbi yakadzika ndiyo inonzi intervertebral discs , iyo inokonzera kushamiswa kwekutya panguva yekufamba. Vanoita izvi kuburikidza nekuita sechisungo chinoshandiswa pakati pemitumbi yakadzika .

Matambudziko ehurukuro anowanzobatanidza kusagadzika kwebhuku uye disnieded disc. Imwe misodzi ndeyeimwe kukuvadza kunogona kutungamirira padhairini , asi kwete nguva dzose. Nenzira, iyo intervertebral disc inowanzova nzvimbo yekutanga mumharapara iyo iyo yeruzhinji inoberekerwa kushanduka kuchinja (iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa nevanhu vose) inoitika.

Chimiro chechimiro chinotsanangura chikamu chemuganhu wepakati pepakati mumutsara wepelinha iyo iyo mutsara wepelinha inopfuura. Izvo zvinobatsirawo kupera kweputika , iyo inogona kuva imwe nzvimbo yekunetseka kwepasipera kuchinja.

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The Facet Joint

Chimwe chikamu chakabatanidzwa chinowanikwa pamhete yebony mushure memutsara wepelinha.

Inoumbwa nehutachiona (izvo zvinowanikwa zvakadzama zvepafupa) izvo zvinobva kune rimwe diki rinopindirana riri pedo vertebrae - rimwe kumusoro nepamusoro. Pane imwe neimwe yepamusoro (inonzi "chikamu,") kune chikamu chekurudyi necheboshwe. Izvi zvinoreva 4 emitambo iyi inobatanidzwa mukugadzira zvikamu zvepadhesi pane imwe nhanho imwe chete, kana chikamu, chepamusoro. Izvo zviitiko zvinoumba chikamu chakabatana chinonzi "articular processes".

Iyo inobatanidza chimwe chinhu chechikwata chakavakwa pamwe chete chinoita kuti ive chinhu chinokosha chekuchengetedza yose yese yepelinhe yakasimba mukati mekufamba.

Nhengo dzemuviri dzinonziwo ziygapophyseal joints. Iro shoko rakaoma kutaura, vanhu vakawanda, kusanganisira vashandi, vanosarudza izwi rokuti "chikwata chakabatanidzwa."

Zvinetso nezvikamu zvepadhesi ndizvo zvinowanzokonzera hutambudzo hwemarwadzo uye zvinowanzobatanidzwa nepalinal arthritis uye / kana kupera simba kwepasera.

Imwe dambudziko rinonzi "spondylolisthesis" rinowanzotanga nekuputsika kuduku mune nzvimbo isina kujeka yechipatano chinowanzonzi separ. Kukuvadzwa kwekutanga kunonzi chirwere chepara; zvinounzwa nokudzokorora kwepfungwa dzomukati dzakadai sechimiro chakaitwa nevatambi vechidiki vanodzidzisa zvakanyanya. (Vanhu vekuyaruka, kunyanya avo vane kuwandisa kwepamusoro vari panjodzi yekukanganisa kwepari.)

Kubva kusina kuvharwa, chirema chinogona kukura kuva spondylosis uye pakupedzisira spondylolisthesis, apo rimwe pfupa rinopedzererwa kusvika pakukwira mberi kana kumashure kwefupa riri pedo naro.

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Inotyisa uye Inotenderera Maitiro

Kufanana nemashoko ekutaurirana anongoratidzwa pamusoro apa, zvinokonzeresa uye zvitsva zvinokonzerwa nemapfupa anobva pamhete yebony iri kumashure kwechimiro chemuviri. Zvinotyisa uye zvinotenderera zvinotarisa zvishoma nezvigunwe.

Pamusoro pemutsetse wega wega, kune maitiro maviri ekutenderera uye imwe tsvina. Nzira mbiri idzi dzinenge dzakatenderera dziri kune rumwe rutivi rwechende, nepo sarudzo inowanikwa iri pakati.

Izvi zvinopa zvivako zvinoshandiswa kumashure nemasendamende kumashure.

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Pedicle

Iyo pedicle inoratidzwa pfupi pfupa inouya zvakananga kubva kumashure kwemuviri wemhuka. Iko pedicle iri pakati pekupedzisira kwemuviri weganda uye nzira inopesana. Kune maviri pedicles vertebra, imwe kumativi ose.

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Lamina

Iyo marina ndiyo chikamu che vertebra chinobatanidza nzira yepineti uye nzira inopesana. Kune laminae maviri, inowanikwa kune rumwe rutivi rwehutano hwemhepo. Iyo marina inowanzova rutivi rwekuvhiya kumashure apo unoda kubvisa zviratidzo zvinokonzerwa nekudzvinyirira pamusana wemagunha midzi. Izvi zvinogona kuitika munyaya yemupfupa stenosis.

Chimwe chinowanzopiwa chirwere chinonzi laminectomy, asi kune vamwe, zvakare.

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The Spinal Nerves and Column

Paunenge uchiverenga sacrum uye coccyx, musana wechipfuva ndeyendarira yakareba yakagadzirwa nemapfupa makumi maviri nematanhatu. Makomba ari pamativi emutsara (anonzi neuralforamina, anokurukurwa pamusoro) anoshandiswa ne verterbrae interfacing; nerve midzi inobva kunze, uye zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu epfupa akavapoteredza, vanogona kutamba basa rinokosha mukuvapo kana kusavapo kwekunzwa kurwadziwa.

Mienzaniso yezvinetso zvakafanana zvekusangana zvinosanganisira musana wemutsipa midzi zvinosanganisira dishi herniated uye spinal stenosis.

Mutsipa wepelinha unopinda nepakati pepakati (nzira yemumumvuri, yakatambudzwa) iyo inogadzirwa ne bony rings yekavharo ye vertebrae.

Mutsipa wesipfupa inomuka kubva mumutsipa wepelinha pane imwe neimwe yezinga. Vanotanga davi kupinda mumaspinal nerve midzi (yakambokurukurwa) uye inowedzera kuparadzanisa kuva mishonga inopinda kumativi ose emuviri kuti inotora ruzivo rwekunzwa uye kuendesa iyo kune uropi, uyewo kutumira mirayiridzo yekufambisa uye mafungiro kubva muuropi kusvika kune misungo.

Mharapara yemazino midzi inobva munzvimbo idzi (inonzi intervertebral foramina) yakasikwa pakati pemamwe maviri ari pedyo, yakavharwa vertebrae.

Mutsipa wepelinha unopera mushure mokutanga kwembiru (nzvimbo yakaderera shure) vertebra. Kupfuura izvozvo, ihombodo yemishu uye midzi inowanikwa pachena kupfuura mitsipa inogara kumusoro. Iyi bumbi inonzi "cauda equina".