ASL Tsvakurudzo
Mutauro Wemasaini wokuAmerica (ASL) ungasave nekuremekedzwa kwaanoita nhasi, kana kwete kwebasa raWilliam C. Stokoe, Jr. (1919-2000).
Mutauro Wemasaini Before Stokoe
Asati Stokoe atanga basa rake, mutauro wemasaini hauna kuonekwa semutauro chaiwo. Pane kudaro, yakaratidzwa sekusanganiswa kwezviito zvisina maturo kana kupomime. Maonero aya akanga achidzivirira mutauro wemasaini kubva mukuremekedzwa uye kushandiswa mune dzidzo yevana matsi.
(Zvinoshamisa kuti bhuku rinonzi Deaf Heritage rinotaura kuti Stokoe pachake haana kunyora zvakanaka panguva iyoyo). Kushayikwa kwekuremekedza mutauro wemasaini kwaive kuchidzivirira chaizvo kushandiswa kwayo panguva iyoyo. Stokoe pachake akafungidzira kuti nhamba yevaAmerica neCanada vashandisi veAsL vaingova 200 000 kusvika 400 000 vanhu.
Stokoe Anosvika paGallaudet College
Muna 1955, Stokoe, uyo aiva nechechikoro uye Ph.D. dhigirii muChirungu, akasvika kuGallaudet College (ikozvino Yunivhesiti) kuti atungamirire dhipatimendi reChirungu. Akava nehanya neAIDS uye akaiswa pachena kuratidza kuti yaiva rurimi rwechokwadi. Muna 1957, Stokoe uye vaviri mubatsiri (Carl Croneberg naDorothy Casterline) vakatanga kutora mafirimu vanhu vachishandisa mutauro wemasaini. Kudzidza mutauro wemasaini wakafanirwa, Stokoe neboka rake vakaona zvinyorwa zvemutauro chaiwo uchishandiswa. Migumisiro yekutsvakurudza kwavo yakabudiswa muna 1960 mune imwe tsvakurudzo yekuongorora, "Shanduro Mutauro Wemasaini."
Stokoe Inopfuurira Tsvakurudzo
Kutsvakurudza kwemitauro yemasaini kwakapfuurira, uye muna 1965, boka rake rakabudisa bhuku rinonzi A Dictionary of American Sign Language Mutauro Wemitauro .
Kunyange zvazvo Mutauro Wemasaini Yakagadzirwa kutanga, duramazwi yaiva bhuku raibata vanhu uye rakaratidza kufarira kunowedzera mumitauro ye ASL.
Stokoe's Point of View
Kutaura kwaShokoe kwaiva nyore. Akataura kuti ASL ndeyemunhu uye mutauro wepanyama. Native zvinoreva kuti ndiwo mutauro wekutanga wakadzidzwa (kune vana vakaberekerwa mumamiriro ezvinhu anotsigira mutauro wemasaini).
Nzira dzesango kuti iri mutauro unoshandiswa mazuva ese. Basa raStokoe rakaratidza kuti mutauro wemasaini mutauro, uye nhasi ASL inozivikanwa semutauro. Izvi zvakaita kuti kuwedzerwa kushandiswa kwayo.
Stokoe's Research and Publishing Career
Muna 1971, Stokoe akagadzira Linguistic Research Laboratory kuGallaudet. Muna 1972, akatanga nheyo dzemutauro wemasaini magazini yeChiratidzo Mutauro Studies, iyo nhasi yakabudiswa neGallaudet University Press. Akange anewo Linstok Press, iyo yakabudisa mabhuku pamutauro wemasaini.
Kuremekedza Stokoe
Muna 1980, sangano reNational Association of the Deaf (NAD) rakabudisa Sign Language uye VaDevelop Community: Essays mukuremekedza kwaWilliam C. Stokoe . INAD yakasimbisawo William C. Stokoe Scholarship Fund kuti ikurudzire kutsvakurudza mutauro wemasaini. Shanduro Yenyika Dzekudzidza Stokoe Yakagadzirirwa Mutauro Wemasaini Chidzidzo 1.4, Zhizha 2001, Stokoe kudzorerazve zvinyorwa zvishanu uye sangano re Stokoe, kusanganisira: "Kudzidza uye Kushandisa Mutauro Wemasaini," uye "Mutauro Wemasaini kushandurwa Mutauro Wemasaini." Uyezve, Stokoe aiva Purofesa Emeritus paGadlaudet University. Uye muna 1988, akagamuchira doctorate yokuremekedza kubva kuGallaudet.
Mabhuku naVo About Stokoe
Bhuku rokupedzisira Stokoe akashanda paiva Mutauro mu Hand: Sei Chiratidzo Chakatangira Mushure Mokutaura kwakabudiswa mberi neGallaudet University Press.
Mune bhuku iri, Stokoe inoratidza kuti kutaura hakuna kudikanwa mutauro. Rimwe bhuku reGallaudet University Press, Kuona Mutauro muChiratidzo: Basa raWilliam C. Stokoe ibhuku rinotaura nezvehukama hwake hunowanzotarisana nevatariri paGallaudet.
Sources:
> Gannon, Jack R. >, Matsifu > Nhaka, National Association of the Deaf, 1981. pp. 365-367.
> William C. Stokoe, > peji > paGallaudet University Press site.