Kurasikirwa kwemaonero ako kunogona kutyisa, uye kurasikirwa nekwanisi kuzvitarisira iwe chimwe chinhu hapana mumwe wedu anoda kutombofunga nezvazvo. Vakawanda vedu hationi kuti tinovimba zvakadini pane zvatinoona kuti tiite zvose zvatinoita nezuva rimwechete. Kuona kurasikirwa-kunyange kunyatsoona kurasikirwa-kunogona kuparadza uye kuchinja-hupenyu. Mamiriro akadai se glaucoma , macular degeneration , retinal detachments uye retinitis pigmentosa zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu varambe vachirasikirwa nekuona kwenguva.
Kana zvikaitika kwamuri kana mumwe munhu waunoda, marudzi ose emanzwiro angave akawana. Migumisiro inogona kuva yepanyama uye yepfungwa, kusingaiti chete munhu anotambura kurasikirwa, asiwo mhuri yavo, shamwari neshamwari dzavanovakomberedza. Kazhinji, mabasa ezuva nezuva akaita sekupfeka mangwanani kana kubika zvokudya zvinodyiwa zvinogona kuva zvakaoma, kunyange zvisingaiti, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekusununguka uye kushushikana kukuru. Kuchengeta mumwe munhu ane kurasikirwa kwepfungwa kunogonawo kuva mumuviri nekunyengera mupfungwa. Kudzidza nzira dzekubatsira vamwe kukunda nekurasikirwa kwemaono kunogona kudzikisa zvikuru kutya nekunetseka kwepfungwa kunokonzera.
Chiratidzo Kurasika uye Kusuruvara
Vamwe vanachiremba vanofananidza kutanga kwekuona kuratidzika kwemaonero kumatanho akasiyana ekushungurudzika mushure mekurasikirwa kwewaidiwa. Munhu ane ruzivo rwekurasikirwa kwemaono anowanzopfuura nenzira imwe chete. Kushungurudzika ndokwezvisikwa zvekuzvarwa kune kurasikirwa kukuru. Zvikamu zvekutambudzika zvinosanganisira kuramba, kuora mwoyo, kutsamwa, uye pakupedzisira kugamuchirwa.
Kunzwisisa manzwiro anoenda pamwe nematanho aya anogona kubatsira zvikuru kudzivisa kutya kuti uende mberi:
- Kurega : Kana mumwe munhu akagamuchira nhau pamusoro pokurasikirwa kukuru, kunzwa kwekusatenda kunovawana. Kunyange mushure mekunge imwe nguva yapfuura, manzwiro aya okusatenda anogona kuitika kazhinji.
- Kuora mwoyo : Manzwiro okushungurudzika uye kuzviparadzanisa zvakaoma kukurira. Munhu achazonzwa ari oga, achifunga kuti hapana mumwe munhu angagona kunzwisisa zvakanakira kurasikirwa kwavo. Aya manzwiro okushungurudzika anowanzoita kuti vanhu vasiye mararamiro avo evanhu, vachivarega vane manzwiro ekusava netariro.
- Hasha : Munhu ane kurasikirwa nemaonero angabvunza kuti "nei ini?" Sezvo manzwiro ekuora mwoyo anotanga kuderera, simba rinowanika rinowanika kuratidza manzwiro ekutsamwa. Hasha dzinobatsira vanhu kuti vafambe mberi uye vatungamirire kusuruvara kwavo nekuora mwoyo kunze.
- Kugamuchirwa : Munguva yekupedzisira yekuchema, pfungwa yekutarisira inotanga kudzoka. Rimwe rinotanga kuona nguva dzetariro yenguva yemberi. Ne tariro iyi inouya kuwana ruzivo rutsva runobatsira kudzokera kune mabasa ezvakanaka.
Chiratidzo Kurasikirwa uye Kuzviisa Pasi
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kukosha kubatsira mumwe munhu ane kurasikirwa nekuratidzwa ndekuvabatsira kuti vatende kuti havasi ivo voga. Kuona kurasikirwa kunobata vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 6.5 muUnited States vane makore makumi mashanu neshanu. Zvakakosha kurega vadiwa vazive kuti vanogona kusvika kune vamwe vanoona kurasikirwa kwemaziso pamwe chete nevadzidzisi vakadai sechiremba wavo weziso, vadzidzisi vemaonero mashoma, kana mumwe munhu anonyanya kugadzirisa kurapwa kwemabasa.
Muzuva remazuva masangano, pane zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa zvinogona kuwanikwa.
VisionAware ndiyo webhusaiti yakabhadharwa neAmerican Foundation for the Blind uye Reader's Digest Partners for Sight Foundation. Inopa hurumende nehurumende zvinyorwa zvehutano hwekusaona. Vanhu varipo kuti vabatsire.
A Kudzokera Kunowiri
Somutarisiri, vimbisa murwere wako kana kuti akada kuti kana vachida kugadzirisa, zvinokwanisika kuti varambe vachifadzwa nezvinhu zvavo zvavanofarira zvekuita. Kana ivo vachida kuramba vachipinda munharaunda, zviri nyore kwavari kuti varambe vachiita mabasa avo avanofarira.
Regai vazive kuti havafaniri kumbomira kushanda kana. Kunyange zvazvo kune vamwe kunze kwemamwe mabasa, vanhu vazhinji vanoona kurasikirwa kwemaonero vanoenderera mberi mumabasa avo emazuva ano. Iwe zvichida unosangana nevanhu zuva rega rega nekutarira pasi uye hauna kuzviziva nokuti vari kushanda pakakwirira kwazvo, kunyange nekunonoka kwemaonero.
Kuedza Kubatsirwa
Kana vakagadzirira, iwe unogona kuverenga kunyora mudikanwa wako mukirasi kuti udzidze unyanzvi hutsva hwekuwanazve rusununguko. Makirasi anodzidziswa nevanoshambadzira maonero avo vanobatsira kudzidzisa nzira dzakasiyana dzokuchengetedza rusununguko. Occupational therapists inodzidzisawo kufamba uye unyanzvi hwemotokari dzinofanirwa kushanda nemaonero mashoma.
Kugadziriswa uye zvishandiso zvinowanikwa kubatsira pakubika chikafu chinodyiwa mukicheni zvakachengeteka, kutenderera zvakanaka mumusha, kubhadhara zvikwereti ndoga, nekuita mamwe mabasa anokosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Technology yakagadzirira kubatsira nemabasa aya. Makombiyuta nemagetsi zvinogona kugadziriswa kuti zvive zvakakwana kufambisa mumwe munhu ane maonero mashoma.
Mazano Okukunda
Vaya vane kurasikirwa kwemaonero vanogona kudzidziswa nzira yekuramba vachirarama hupenyu hunogutsa. Kutevera urongwa hwemashoko uye mazano ekubatsira mumwe munhu ane pfungwa shoma kudzidza kuti angagadzirisa sei mabasa ezuva nezuva:
- Maziso echikwata cheziso chepamusoro anosimudzira kuverenga.
- High inowedzera magnifying lenses ne-in-in-lighting inogona kushandiswa pakuverenga nezvimwe zvinhu zviduku zvinoda kuonekwa zvakajeka.
- Digital magnifying devices anoshandisa video kana mifananidzo kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu pakuona.
- Mabhuku akawanda, mapepanhau, nemagazini zvinowanikwa mune rimwe bhuku rakadhindwa.
- Matepiyuta anotendera kubvumira kufara kwemabhuku akaoma kuverenga.
- Kubvisa shutter uye kugadzirisa fenisha inoita kuti zvive nyore kufamba pakati pekamuri kana mapuraneti.
- Kuwedzerwa nhamba nekupenya kwemwenje nemarambi akapoteredza imba zvinogona kubatsira mune zvakaratidzwa.
- Kuisa zviri nani basa rekuisa pasi pekicheni makabati uye stove zvinogona kubatsira mukubika nekugadzirira kudya.
- Kuisa chiedza chiri nani mumba mako kana kubasa kunogona kubatsira nemabasa ezuva nezuva.
- Kuchengeta nguva dzose kushanyira maitiro kana ophthalmologist kunogona kuchengeta cheki paziso rako uye maonero ezvehutano. Kugadzirisa zvinetso zvekuona pamwe nekushandisa zvishandiso zvakakosha zvingashandisa zviri nani zvakasara zvinoshanda.
Shoko Rinobva
Kana munhu waunoda akatambura kurasika kurasikirwa, kune zvimwe zvinhu zvaunogona kuita uye kutaura izvo zvichave zvichibatsira zvikuru. Iwe unofanira kufungisisa zvakaoma pamusoro pemamiriro avo. Nhengo yemhuri kana shamwari yeumwe munhu akaona kurasikirwa kwemaono anova shamwari yakakosha mukugadzirisa kwekuona kugadzirisa. Shamwari yako kana nhengo yemhuri yakambosangana nekuona kurasikirwa ingangodaro inoshungurudzika uye kushungurudzika pavanotanga kuzviwana zvakaoma zvikuru kana kusingagoni kunyora, kuverenga, kana kutyaira. Hewa pano pane mamwe mazano ekubatsira mubatsiri wako-nani zviri nani kutarisana nekurasikirwa kwavakaona:
- Dzivisa kusava nehanya.
- Batsira kuvaka kuzvivimba.
- Ziva kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa.
- Kurudzira kuzvivimba.
- Usatya. Bvunza zvakananga kuti ungabatsira sei.
- Bvunza vasati vabatsira kukurudzira kuzvimiririra.
- Regai vazive kuti iwe uripo uye nguva dzose uri ikoko kana vachida kubatsirwa nechimwe chinhu chaicho.
- Taura nezvenyaya dzavo uye usatya kutya kubatsira kuwana mhinduro pamwechete.
> Kwakabva:
> American Optometric Association, Kuchengetedza Murefu neUkuona Kunetseka; Kuona Pasi Pfupi Kuvandudzwa. Maitiro ekurapa maitiro ekurapa maitiro, 18 Oct 2007.