Kusuruvara Kusingafadzi Mumatambudziko Dzidzo
Hapana chimwe chiitiko munhoroondo yemari yeve matsi yakanga ine simba guru muupenyu uye dzidzo yevanhu matsi kupfuura musangano wakaitirwa muMilan kuma1900.
Nhoroondo yeMilan Conference ye 1880
Muna 1880, pakanga paine hurukuro yakawanda yemarudzi akawanda yevadzidzisi matsi vainzi Second International Congress pamusoro peZvikoro zveVatadzi. Pamusangano uyu, chiziviso chakaitwa kuti dzidzo yemuromo yakanga iri nani kupfuura dzidzo yehuturo (zviratidzo).
Somugumisiro, mutauro wemasaini muzvikoro zveVatsire zvakarambidzwa.
Heano mazvisarudzo maviri ekutanga echisere akapfuura nekokorodzano:
- Chibvumirano ichi, tichifunga nezvekusimudzira kusinganzwisisiki kwekutaura pamusoro pezviratidzo mukudzorera matsi kumuteereri kumarudzi nekumupa ruzivo rwakakwana rwemutauro, anotaura kuti nzira yemuromo inofanira kunge yakasarudzwa kune yezviratidzo mune dzidzo nekurairirwa kwevanhu vasina matsi.
- Chibvumirano, tichifunga kuti kushandiswa panguva imwechete kwekutaurirana uye zviratidzo kune kukanganisa kwekukuvadza kutaura uye kuverenga-kunyatsonzwisisa kwemashoko, inotsanangura kuti nzira yakachena yomuromo inofanira kusarudzwa.
Zvimwe zvisarudzo zvakatarwa nenyaya, se:
- Dzidzo yevarombo vadzidzi vasina matsi
- Nzira dzekudzidzisa vadzidzi vane matsi mumuromo uye kwenguva refu inobatsira yeiyo nzira yekudzidzisa
- Chido chemabhuku ezvidzidzo kune matsi vadzidzisi vomuromo
Somugumisiro wemusangano muMilan, vadzidzisi matsi vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo, sezvo kwaive nekuderera kwevakawanda vevashandi veTeaf, sevanyori, vanyori, uye magweta.
Uyewo, hupenyu hwehupenyu uye dzidzo yevadzidzi matsi yakanga isina kunaka.
Mashoko akanaka, zvisinei, ndeyekuti masangano akaita se National National of the Deaf akasimuka uye akatonga kune vatsigiri vakawanda. Kunyanya, mutungamiri weGallaudet College akaita sarudzo huru yekuchengeta mutauro wemasaini pamusasa.
Pakupedzisira, muna 1970, purofesa wekudzidza kwenguva refu muGallaudet College, William Stokoe akazivisa mutauro wemasaini rurimi rwechokwadi.
Pakupedzisira, chisarudzo cheGallaudet College kuchengetedza mutauro wemasaini chakaita basa rinokosha mukuchengetedza mutauro wemasaini. Izvi zviri kuwedzera kune vadzidzi vakawanda vane matsi vakanga vachiri kutaura muchivande kune mumwe nomumwe nezviratidzo, pasinei nekurambidzwa.
Kurambidza Mutauro Wemasaini: Chiitiko "Zvakagadziriswa"
Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi, kubvumidzwa kwemitauro yemasaini pamusangano uyu wepasi rose muMilan waiva chiitiko chaizivikanwa. Izvi ndechokuti musangano waimiririrwa nevanhu vaizivikanwe nevepanhau. Anonyora mumwe munhu anotsigira kutsika, iyo ndiyo tsika yekudzidzisa matsi kuti vataure kuburikidza nokutaura kana kuverenga, kunze kwekutaura kwemasaini.
Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti United States neBritain ndivo chete nyika inopesana nekurambidzwa. Zvinosuruvarisa, kushorwa kwavo kwakanga kusina hanya.
Mhedziso Yenguva refu yeMican Conference
Iyi musangano muMilan muna 1880 ndeyekukosha kwakadaro munhoroondo isina maturo iyo yakakudzwa mumitambo, semufananidzo, Milan, Italy 1880, nemutengi we matsi Mary Thornley. Mufananidzo uyu wakaratidza vatsva vachicherechedza pfuti dzavo pamabhii e "ASL," ayo anomirira Mutauro Wemasaini weAmerica.
Muna Gumiguru 1993, Yunivhesiti yeGallaudet yakabata musangano unonzi "Post Milan ASL uye Chirungu nekuverenga ." Iyi hurukuro yemusangano yaisanganisira hurukuro yakanzi, "Kurangarira kuMilan ane ziso remangwana," naKatherine Jankowski.
Mukuonazve, mumwe angataura kuti mumakore kubvira pakatanga mutauro wemasaini uye kushanda kwemaitiro akadzidza kuva pamwe chete norugare. Ikoko hakuzombovi nomumwe Milan 1880.
Shoko Rinobva
Musangano uyu muMilan wakanga uri unhu hwakashata huri munhoroondo yevanhu vane matsi. Zvinofadza kuti mutauro wemasaini hausi kudzvinyirirwa muzvikoro. Pane kudaro, mutauro wemasaini unogamuchirwa senzira inofadza uye inokosha yekukurukurirana.
Nokudaro, kana iwe kana munhu waunoda ane kacheche kana mwana ari matsi kana kuti akaoma kunzwa, pane zvinhu zviripo zvekubatsira wako anokosha kukudziridza unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana waanoda.
Rimwe rinonyanya kukosha sangano isangano rinonzi CHOICES reVabereki, izvo zvisingangogadziri nzira dzekusimudzira unyanzvi hwokukurukurirana kumwana wako, asiwo anopa rubatsiro, kukurudzira, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasangano evanhu.
> Sources:
> American Sign Language Dictionary: Milan, Italy 1880.
> Gannon, JR, Butler, J., & Gilbert, L.-J. (1981). Njodzi nhaka: Nhoroondo yevanonzwa matsi America . Silver Spring, Md: National Association of the Deaf.
> Kushalnagar P et al. Vana vacheche nevana vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa vanoda ruzivo rwekutaura. J Clin Ethics . 2010 Zuva; 21 (2): 143-54.