Meningitis ndiro zita guru rekutapukira kwemashoko - inonzi fluid uye membrane inopoteredza rwonzi rwepelinha uye uropi. Mabhakitiriya akasiyana-siyana uye mavairusi anogona kukanganisa nzvimbo iyi yemuviri uye mamwe chete awo anogona kudzivirirwa nemishonga.
Zviratidzo zvekare zve meningitis zvinosanganisira misoro, misoro yakaoma, high fever, kurutsa, photophobia (kusanzwisisika pachitarisa mabhenje akajeka), kuvhiringidzika, nekutsamwa.
Kune vabereki vazhinji, inogona kuva chimwe chezvinhu zvekutanga zvaunofunga pamusoro pazvo mwana wako paanova nefivha uye musoro kana kurwadziwa kwemutsipa.
Hakusi Ikoko Chekuvhara Kwemangiritsi?
Nokuti mabhakitiriya akawanda uye mavairusi anogona kukonzera meningitis, iyo inongova mubvunzo wakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura iyo inotanga kuoneka.
Kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvemainiritiki iyo inhengo yehutachiona hwehutano hwehutano hwemarudzi akasiyana eBactterial meningitis. Sezvo utachiona hunokonzera mumps hunogona kukonzera meningitis zvakare, mushonga weMMR unodzivirira vana kubva kune chimwe chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemagetsi.
Kune dzakawanda mamwe maitiro eviral meningitis ayo majekiseni asina kumbogadzirwa. Nenzira yakanaka, utachiona hwemaginha inowanzosati huri sehutachiona hwehutachiona sehutachiita meningitis.
Meningitis Vaccines
Mukuwedzera pakudzivirira vana kubva kune mamwe marudzi ehutachiona hwemucheche, zvirwere zvinotevera zvinotorwa zvirwere zvemainitis:
- Haemophilus influenzae gwaro b (Hib) vaccine
- Meningococcal (Menactra, Menveo, Bexsero, uye Trumenba) zvirwere zvinodzivirira vazhinji veNeisseria meningitides zvirwere
- MenHibrix inobatanidza chirwere cheHib uye mapoka evanhu vemazino C uye Y kune vamwe vana vane ngozi yakawanda vari kuwedzera mungozi ye meningococcal disease
- Pneumococcal (Prevnar) inodzivisa vazhinji Streptococcus pneumoniae zvirwere
Hib Vaccine
Mukuwedzera kubhakitiriya meningitis, chirwere cheHib chinodzivirira vana vaduku kupikisa pneumonia , bacteremia (kuwedzerwa kweropa), uye epiglottitis uye nezvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa neHaemophilus influenzae aina b bhakitiriya.
Pasati purogiramu kushandisa chirwere cheHib muna 1988, vanenge 20 000 vana vaiva nehutachiona hweHib gore roga rega, kusanganisira 12 000 matambudziko eBacterial meningitis. Matambudziko, ayo akabatana nevana makumi matatu kubva muzana zvevana, akabatanidza matsi, kugumburwa, kupofumara uye kutadza mupfungwa. Uye vanenge 5 muzana yevana vakange vane bhakitiriya meningitis iyo yakakonzerwa nemabhakitiriya eHib vakafa.
Vana iye zvino vanowanzotanga kuwana mushonga weHib uchitanga pavanenge vane mwedzi miviri, vachipedzisira vaine chirwere chinokwana kana vane mwedzi 12 kusvika ku15.
Meningococcal Vaccines
Zvirwere zvemaningococcal zvinodzivirira vana pamatambudziko akawanda eNeisseria meningitidis mabhakitiriya, izvo zvinogona kukonzera meningitis uye meningococcemia, utachiona hutachiona hwehutachiona.
Menomune yakanga iri chirwere chekutanga chemaminisococcal chinowanikwa muUnited States, asi chakanyanya kuchinjwa nekushandurwa kwezvitsva zvemukoko - Menactra naMenveo.
Zvirwere izvi zvinonzi "quadrivalent vaccine" zvinodzivirira kupisa meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, uye W-135.
Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vana vose vanofanira kugamuchira Menactra kana Menveo pavanenge vane makore gumi nemana kana gumi nemakore gumi nemana, vane chirwere chechipiri kana vane makore 16 kusvika ku18. Vamwe vana vanofanirwa kuwana chirwere chemamenococcal vanosanganisira vechidiki vasina kumboita chirwere ichi (vanofanirwa kuwana chirongwa chekubata nekukurumidza) uye vana vaduku vanoonekwa sevari pangozi yekutengesa meningococcal. Ava vana vane ngozi yakawanda vanosanganisira avo vakadzingwa nhengo yavo, vane chirwere chakakanganiswa, kana vane dzimwe zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere.
Trumenba neBexsero vane mishonga mitsva inokonzera meningococcal iyo inodzivirira neNeisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Ichi ndicho chirwere chekuita meningococcal chakakonzera kuputika pamakoroji ekupedzisira, kusanganisira Princeton uye University of California, Santa Barbara. Havasi ikozvino zvinodiwa asi vanorumbidzwa kune vana vane ngozi zvikuru uye vechidiki, kusanganisira avo vari pangozi nekuda kwekumuka.
Maererano neCDC, "A MenB vaccine series inogona kutarisirwa kune vechidiki uye vechidiki vane makore gumi nemaviri kusvika kumashure makumi maviri nematanhatu kuti vadzivirire kwenguva pfupi pamatambudziko akawanda evanhu vanonzi serogroup B meningococcal zvirwere. "
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Kunyange zvazvo inowanzofungidzirwa sehutachiona hwehutachiona, zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti chirwere chekupedzisira chepneumococcal (Prevnar) chinodzivirira vana kurwisa bhakitiriya meningitis, zvirwere zveropa, uye pneumonia.
Prevnar inodzivirira vana kurwisana nematambudziko gumi nemaviri emakwenzi eStreptococcus pneumoniae uye inopiwa kuvana semayero mana ekutanga kubva pamwedzi miviri.
Vamwe vana vane hutano hwakanyanya hunofanirwawo kuwana chirwere chePneumovax pneumococcal, kusanganisira avo vane immune system zvinetso, zvinetso zvemoyo, uye asthma.
Bacterial Meningitis
Sei kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana siyana zvebhakitiriya meningitis?
Izvi ndezvokuti pane mabhakitiriya akasiyana uye mararamiro akasiyana emabhakitiriya anogona kukonzera meningitis.
Uye kunyange nemishonga iyi yekushaya meningiti inogona kudzivirira zvikonzero zvinowanzoitika zvebhakitiriya meningitis, hazvizodziviri zvimwe zvinokonzera zvishoma, zvakadai seyo inokonzerwa neE E. coli kana Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Kana zvisina kudaro, vana vane utano havasi pangozi yakawanda yekuita meningitis kubva kune mabhakitiriya aya, asi, asi vana vachangobva kuve neurosurgery kana vane mamwe matambudziko ehutano anogona kuva.
Sources:
CDC. Kushandiswa kweSerogroup B Meningococcal Vaccines muAvolescents uye Vechiduku Vakuru: Zvirongwa zveDare reMakurukota pamusoro pemiti yekudzivirira, 2015. MMWR. Gumiguru 23, 2015/64 (41); 1171-6
Mandell, Bennett, & Dolin: Nheyo uye Maitiro ezvirwere zvinotapukira, 6th ed.
Plotkin: Vaccines, 5th ed.