Pamakore ekupedzisira makumi mashanu kana kupfuura, United States yakaona zvakawanda zvezvigadzirwa uye zvigadzirwa, kunyanya mune zvehutano. Kutaura zvazviri, kwakave nekufambira mberi kwakanyanya mumishonga zvokuti inowanzorembera kutarisira upenyu ikozvino inenge makore makumi mapfumbamwe kana kupfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vakawanda vari kurarama kwenguva refu kupfuura iyo. Somugumisiro, pachava nekudiwa kukuru kwemapurogiramu akafanana neAgreat Americans Act (OAA) kuti arambe achifambidzana nekukwegura kwevanhu venyika.
Kushanda munzvimbo dzose dzeChishanu munzvimbo yose munyika yose, OAA inopa mari yepamusoro yezvikoro zvepamusoro sezvokudya pamakumbo, kuchengetedza utano hwehutano , rubatsiro rwekuchengeta, kutakura, uye kudzivirirwa pakushungurudzwa uye kushandiswa kwemari. Uyezve, OAA yakave imwe yezvirongwa zvinobudirira zvakasimbiswa. Ichokwadi, vanotsigira purogiramu vanoratidza kuti inochengetedza Medicaid uye Medicare mari yakawanda yemari nokubvumira vakuru kuti varambe vari munharaunda yavo kana kumba.
Kunyatsoongorora OAA
Yakagadzwa muna 1965 naMutungamiri Lyndon B. Johnson, OAA inopa mazano anokosha kune vakwegura vakanyanya kutambura munyika. Yakashandiswa zvakapoteredza nguva imwecheteyo semitambo ye Medicare neMedicaid nechinangwa chekubatsira vakuru kuti varambe vakagwinya uye kumba kwenguva yakareba sezvazvigoneka. Izvi hazviiti chete kuti vakuru vekune rudzi rudzi rwekusununguka rwavanoda, asi runobatsira vakwegura kuti varambe vari chikamu chinoshanda chemusha wavo kwenguva yakareba sezvazvinogona.
Nekudaro, izvi zvinoderedza mari dzinogona kuitika kana vakuru vakatsigirwa. Pakupedzisira, OAA inoderedza mutoro wezvemari pamitemo yeMedare uye Medicaid kuburikidza nekushanda nesimba panzvimbo yekuita basa rekuita zvekare pazvinoenderana nehutano hwakakura.
Pasi peOAA, hurumende imwe neimwe inogamuchira mari maererano nesarudzo inobva kune chikamu ichocho chevanhu veUnited States vane makore makumi matanhatu nekure.
Chokutanga chinangwa cheOAA ndechokupa rubatsiro kuvakuru vakwegura kuburikidza nekuvabatsirira "kurarama munzvimbo" mumisha yavo uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana sezvo hutano hwavo nebasa ravo zvichatsika. Pasi pose, nyika dzinodiwa kupa hutano kune vanhu vakwegura vane hukuru hwehupfumi nehupfumi hwevanhu. Vanonyanya kufunga nezvekubatsira vanhu vane mari shoma, vashoma, uye vanhu vakwegura vanogara kumaruwa.
Pamitambo yose yeOAA, chirongwa chekudya pamagetsi chinogona kunge chinonyanya kuzivikanwa. Pasi purogiramu iyi, nyika dzinokwanisa kupa zvokudya zvevanhu vakuru vekumba, izvo zvinozoita kuti kuderedza kusagadzikana. Mukuwedzera pakuderedza nzara, kubatsira vakuru kuti vadye hutano hwakanaka uye varambe vachifudzwa uye kunoderedza nhamba yekushanyira nzvimbo dzekukurumidzira, sezvo kusadya kwezvokudya uye kupera mvura kunowanzoita chikonzero chinotungamirira kune vakwegura vepachipatara vakagamuchirwa. Uyezve, vanozvipira vanononoka kudya vanoita rimwe basa zvakare. Ivo ndivo vanowanzova vanhu vakwegura vakwegura vachaona nguva dzose. Uku kubatana kwako kunobatsira kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu apo mukuru angada rubatsiro rwakawedzerwa mberi kwemigumisiro yacho ikaoma.
Maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa neCent for Effective Government, kune $ 1 yose mumashandisirwo emasangano paZvokudya pamagetsi, pane zvakawanda zvinodarika $ 50 kudzoka muMedicaid kuchengetedza chete.
Nekudaro, mapurogiramu eOAA sezvokudya pamagareti anobvumira vakuru kuti varambe vachigara pamba. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza mukana wekuti vanhu vakuru ava vachada mamwe maitiro ezvokudya zvehutengo zvakadai sezvipatara uye misha yevanamukoti .
Apo OAA Falls Short
Vazhinji vanotsigira mapurogiramu eOAA vanochengetedza kuti OAA inonyanya kubhadharwa mari, kunyanya sezvo vanhu vachiri kuyaruka. Kutaura zvazviri, mushumo weAARP unoratidza kuti mari yeOAA haisi kutarisana nekukura kwemakore makumi matanhatu nekukura kwevanhu. Semuenzaniso, mari yekubhadhara mapurogiramu eOAA muna 2014 yaive yakafanana neyaive muna 2004, asi vanhu makumi matanhatu nevekare vakakura nekusvika makumi matatu.
Kubvira muna 2004 kusvika muna 2020, huwandu hwevanhu hunofanirwa kukura neanopfuura 55 muzana. Nekudaro, pane zvakawanda zvido zvinenge zvisingatauriki.
Mhedzisiro ndeyekuti izvi zvinoda "zvinodhaka" uye zvinowanikwa mune zvakakodzerwa zvakanyanya. Somuenzaniso, kana hupenyu hwekugara huri huga hukwanise kuwana mumba kuti utenge chikafu, kana kuti hwakakundikana kugadzirira kudya, anogona nyore nyore kushaya nzara uye kupera simba. Izvi, zvakare, zvinotungamirira kumazinga akakwirira ekurapa mahara. Uyezve, pasina hutano hwakanaka-hwemusha hwehutano kana rubatsiro, vanhu vakwegura vanowanzomanikidzwa kupinda misha yekuchengetedza vasati vasvika.
Chimwe chiitiko apo kushaya mari kuri kukonzera OAA kuperesa kuri mukuendesa kwekudya. Maererano nehurumende yeUnited States Accountability Office (GAO) mushumo pamusoro peOAA, vakawanda vakwegura vakuru vane mari shoma shoma avo vangave vachida kudya havana kuigamuchira. Kutaura zvazviri, GAO yakawana kuti inenge 9 kubva muzana yevanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 17,6 vanopera mari yakaderera vakagamuchira zvokudya asi inofungidzirwa kuti 19 kubva muzana yevanhu vakwegura vane mari yakaderera vakange vasina kuchengeteka kwezvokudya. Uyezve, vanenge 90 kubva muzana vavo havana kugamuchira chero kudya. GAO yakawanawo kuti vanhu vazhinji vane makore makumi matanhatu nevekare vakange vane matambudziko nemabasa ezuva nezuva akagadziriswa kana kuti kwete kumusha-based care.
OAA Inoshanda Sei Kwauri
Pasinei nokuti iwe uri kutarisira mubereki akwegura kana kuti unonetseka kana maawa eOAA angave akawanikwa kwauri, tanga nekutaura nharaunda yako Yenharaunda yeSangano rekukwegura. Vachakubatsira iwe kuziva izvo iwe kana wemhuri yako unofanirwa kuita. Ramba uchifunga kuti pasi peOAA, nzvimbo imwe neimwe inopa zvirongwa zvekudya uye zvekudya pamwe chete nehutano hwemusha . Dzimwe nguva vanozopa chirwere chepanyama , kubatsira kubatsira nemabasa ezuva nezuva uye mabasa epamba, dzidzo nekudzidziswa kwemhuri, pamwe nekusangana nematambudziko ekufambisa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vanotopa basa rokudzidzira uye rubatsiro rwepamutemo apo kushungurudzwa kana kushandiswa kwakaitika.
Kunyange kana iwe usingakwanisi kubhadhara maitiro pasi peOAA, Your Area Agency on Aging inogona kukuendesa kumapurogiramu omunharaunda iwe iwe kana wemhuri yako unokodzera. Kazhinji, masangano aya ibasa rezvigadzirwa zvemashoko maererano nekukwegura uye rinogona kukubatsira kuwana mabasa iwe kana wemhuri yako unoda.
> Sources:
> Fox-Grage, Wendy naUivari, Kathleen. "Mutemo Wekare weAmerica." Insight on Issues , AARP Public Policy Institute, May 2014. https://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/health/2014/the-older-americans-act-AARP-ppi-health. pdf
> Montgomery, Ann. "Mutemo Wekare wekuAmerica Muna 2016: Ramangwana Iko Iye zvino." Altarum, Kubvumbi 26, 2016. https://altarum.org/health-policy-blog/the-older-americans-act-in-2016-the-future-is-now
> Government Government Accountability Office. Mutemo wevakuru vekuAmerica: Zvimwe Zvakafanirwa Kuitwa Kuyera Nhamba Yezvisina Kudiwa ZveMabasa . GAO-11-237, February 2011. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11237.pdf