Icho Ichi Chirwere Chirwere Chingakuudza Nezve Utano Hwako
Karyotype ndeye, chaizvoizvo, mufananidzo wemakromosomes aripo mukati memusero rimwe chete. Chromosomes ndiwo matanho akafanana nehutete mukati memukati yemasero anogadzirwa nemapurotini uye imwechete molecule ye deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA ine mirayiridzo inoita kuti rudzi rumwe norumwe rwechisikwa chipenyu ruve rwakasiyana, maererano neNational Human Genome Research Institute.
Chiremba anowanzoronga karyotype kuitira kuti aone kana chirwere chinokonzerwa nedzimwe mhando yechinetso chema genetic. Icho chirwere chisina kurwadza, chinosanganisira zvishoma kupfuura nenyuchi inobatsira kuwana shanduko yemaviri, asi inogona kutaura zvakawanda nezvoutano hwemunhu. Heino mhedziso yekuti karyotyping yakaitwa sei uye zvinogona kuzarura.
Maitiro eKaryotypes Anoitwa Sei
Karyotype inogona kushandiswa kubva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvitunha. Kazhinji, muenzaniso weropa ndiyo yose inodiwa, asi kana pane kunetseka kuti mwana anenge achikura ane chromosomal asina kufanana, amniotic fluid inogona kudiwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa nenyuchi mumuviri wemukadzi ane pamuviri-nzira yakachengeteka uye isina kurwadza.
Mushure mokunge muenzaniso waunganidzwa, uchaongororwa mu laboratori nechekare anonzi cytogeneticist uyo achaparadzanisa masero, achikure kuitira kuti ave akakwana kuongorora, ozobudisa ma chromosomes kubva mumasero.
Panguva ino, ma chromosomes achasvibiswa, kuongororwa, kuverengwa, uye kugoverwa.
Iyo cytogeneticist inotarisawo maitiro echromosome kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti hapana chekushayikwa kana kuwedzerwa mazita ezvinyorwa. Kana izvi zvichangozadziswa, zvitsva zvakanyorwa uye mitsva yekuedzwa inopfuurira mberi kune chiremba uyo akarayira karyotype, kazhinji mukati memakore matatu kusvika manomwe.
Zvinotora nguva shoma kuti uite karyotype yemuenzaniso wekutangira, zvisinei-kubva pane mazuva gumi kusvika ku14.
Mufananidzo weutano
Chinhu chokutanga karyotype inoratidzira inhamba yekromosomes munhu ane: Muenzaniso unowanzoitika, kune 23 mapaundi ema 46 chromosomes. Karyotype zvakare inotsigira hutano hwehupenyu: Two X chromosomes inoratidza mukadzi; X uye Y chromosome inoreva murume.
Kunze kweivo ruzivo rwekutanga, cytogeneticist inogona kushandisa karyotype kuti iongorore chero chirwere kana chirwere chinokonzerwa nokuva nemachromosomes akawanda kana kusina. Semuenzaniso, Down syndrome inobata kana paine yekodha yakazara kana kuti yakasarudzwa yekromosome 21, maererano neNational Down Syndrome Society. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Down syndrome dzimwe nguva kunonzi trisomy 21.
Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuonekwa kuti kushandisa karyotyping inosanganisira:
- Edward syndrome (trisomy 18)
- Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
- Turner syndrome (one X)
- Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
- XYY syndrome
- Triple X syndrome (XXX)
Karyotype inogonawo kuratidza kudhonza mumakromosomes iyo ndiyo inokonzera mamiriro ezvinhu akaita seCri-du-Chat syndrome (chromosome 5) kana Williams syndrome (chromosome 7), uyewo kutumira kune imwe chikamu chekromosome inowanika kana shanduka neimwe chikamu chechromosome yakasiyana.
Kubvira pa2 kubva kuzana kusvika ku3 muzana yeArt syndrome matambudziko anokonzerwa nekutumira kune chromosome 21, somuenzaniso.
Iko kunogona kuti karyotype icharatidza chinetso chakakomba chemazwi mukati mako kana mwana asati aberekwa angagadzira pfungwa yekuve neinovhundutsa, asi ramba uchiyeuka kuti kana uine ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pehutano hwehutano, uchakwanisa kurarama nawo .
> Sources:
> Medline Plus. "Karyotyping."
> National Down Syndrome Society. "Chii Chinonzi Syndrome?"
> National Human Genome Research Institute. "Chromosomes." June 16, 2015.