Mhemberero yenyaya yechirwere chekurapa kwakanyanyisa.
Kana zvasvika pakubatsira kwepfungwa, kujowa kweBotox kana botulinum toxin ndiyo nzira yakakurumbira yekugadzira yakaitwa nhasi. IAmerica Society yePlastiki Surgeons inofungidzira kuti muna 2014 vanenge mamiriyoni manomwe vanhu vakagamuchira botulinum inxin injections. Kuisa nhamba iyoyo kuva nemaonero akanaka, mamiriyoni manomwe inenge yevanhu veArizona.
Vanhu vazhinji vanobatanidza botulinum mishonga yexikisi pamwe nekurapwa kwemakwenzi; zvisinei, iyo inyanzvi inoshamisa inoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye inoshandiswa kune mamwe mimwe mitemo, kusanganisira kuparadzanisa, ziso reziso (kureva, blepharospasm), mutambo wemutsipa (kureva, cervical dystonia), migraines, uye chikwata chisina simba . Botox inoshandiswawo mukurapa kwechirwere chinokonzera kuputika (kureva, hyperhidrosis).
Nyaya yekuti takasvika sei kuvhara iyi microbial toxin mumitumbi yedu kuti tibate wrinkles zvose zvinonakidza uye serendipitous.
Chii Chinonzi Botox?
Botox kana botulinum toxin inobudiswa nebhakitiriya Clostridium botulinum. Mumusango, utachiona neClostridium botulinum inokonzera botulism, chirwere chisingawanzwi asi chinokonzera zvirwere. Botulism inotanga nokupedza simba remusana, muromo, uye nehuro mushure mekupararira kune mumwe muviri wose. Apo botulism inokonzera mishonga inoshandiswa mukufema, rufu runogona kugadziriswa.
Nyaya, munaMay 2017, pakanga pane kubuda kwebhodulini muCalifornia yakadzokera shure kune cheese sauce yakatengeswa pachiteshi chemotokari. Somugumisiro, vanhu gumi vakapfigirwa uye mumwe munhu akafa.
Kunyange zvazvo Clostridium botulinum inouya mumatambudziko akawanda-serotypes masere A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, uye G-sega serotypes A uye B zvinoshandiswa kugadzira makiriniki ekugadzirira.
Mushure mokunge mujoyi mu musumbu, botulinum inxin inokonzera chirwere chendangara uye inosunga saizvozvo kudzivirira kusunungurwa kweacetylcholine, neurotransmitter. Pasina acetylcholine, basa remusimba rinomira. Ichi chinonyanya kukosha, kana nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro, kupora simba ndiko kunosvibisa makwinya uye kunomira zvishoma. Mune mamwe mazwi, Botox inoshanda ne "kuparara" nemakwenzi kunze.
Kunze kwekupindira nekusunungurwa kwe-acetylcholine, uturu hunopinza hunokanganisawo kusunungurwa kwemarwadzo uye kuvhiringidzika kwechiremera kusanganisira zvinhu P uye glutamine, zvinotsanangura kuti nei botulinum inxin inoshandiswa kupora migraine misoro.
Zvakaipa zvinokanganisa mushure mekurapwa nehuputi hwebhodini zvinosanganisira kuputika, kuzvimba, kuora musoro, kusagadzikana uye kushaya simba kwemusimba kunogona kukanganisa misumbu inopoteredza musuru yakaiswa.
Pamberi kwejisi ne botulinum toxin, kushandiswa kweanticoagulants kunofanira kubviswa kwemavhiki maviri kuti kuderedzwa kuputika. Nhamo panzvimbo yejojo inogona kuderedzwa nekushandiswa kwekidiki-gauge sindete, kushandiswa kwemashoko ekutema anesthetic kana kumira pamberi pejojo. Uyezve, kurapwa nehuputi hwehuputi hunofanira kutanga pamwero wakaderera uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera.
Migumisiro yebhatulinum inxin inopera panguva.
Kunyanya pashure pekutanga kwemakemikari kushandura-kutaridzika, mutsara unoguma unomera kana kuchinja zvakare uye kushanda kunodzorerwa shure kwemazuva makumi maviri. Mune mamwe mazwi, mushure mekuchinja mararamiro ekuguma, Botox inoshanda kwemazuva anenge zana vasati vashandurwa. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvehutano zvekupedzisira zvinotsanangura kuti nei dzimwe nguva vanhu vachiwana mushonga mutsva munzvimbo imwe chete.
Izvo hazvina huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuputi, uye ine maitiro akawanda pamusika kusanganisira Botox uye Dysport. Aya maumbirwo haasi kushandurudzwa uye anoshandiswa zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana zvebhodhoro re botulinum zvinokonzerwa nokurema kwema molecular, excipients (kureva, kuderedza zvinodhaka), uye mapuroteni anonetsa.
Kutanga kweBotox
Clostridium botulinum yakatanga kuwanikwa nemusayendisiti weBelgium ainzi Emile Pierre van Ermengem mushure mekunge kubuda kweBululism kuBelgium. Pakazosvika ma1920, masayendisiti paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, kuSan Francisco, akatanga kuedza kuparadzanisa tsvina ye botulinum. Zvisinei, zvakatora makore makumi maviri isati yakasvibiswa nexikirini yakagadziriswa yakave yakasanganiswa nekrisstalline fomu naDr. Edward Schantz.
Muma1970, masayendisiti akatanga kushandisa botulinum toxin kubata chirwere chinonzi strabismus (kureva, maziso akayambuka). Paanenge achiedza kurapwa uku pamasese, vatsvakurudzi vakacherechedza kuti botulinum inxin yakaderedza makwenzi mu glabella. Iyo glabella iyo ganda pakati pemashizha uye pamusoro pemhuno.
Mushure mokunge bhutumumu yakakonzera kubudirira mukurapa sitirobusi, Allergan akapa mvumo yekurapa uye akaitumidza Botox. Zvadaro, Botox yakagamuchirwa neDAA yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa uye yezvokuzora.
Heino mazuva ekubvumirana kweDAA akasiyana-siyana kwebhodiniti ye botulinum:
- Strabismus uye blepharospasm muna 1989
- Cervical dystonia muna 2000
- Glabellar inowedzera muna 2002
- Axillary hyperhidrosis (kuputika kwazvo) muna 2004
- Chronic migraines nepamusoro lip spasticity muna 2010
- Urinary incontinence muna 2011
- Makumbo echikwata (lateral canthal mitsara) muna 2013
Ndapota cherechedza kuti kunyange zvazvo vanachiremba vanoshandisa botulinum toxin kuti vabate mhando dzakawanda dzemaziso ekukwikwidza, zvizhinji zvekurapa kwacho hazvina kunyorwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, chiremba wako anoshandisa chirongwa chekliniki kuti apore maitiro emusana neBotox.
Muzvinyorwa zvemishonga, botulinum chekisi inogona kunge inonyanya kukosha nokuti yaiva yekutanga injiramu inoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere. Iyo jira rezvigadzirwa zvebhakitiriya mumuviri womunhu rinomiririra chinhu chitsva. Negore rimwe nerimwe rinopfuura, vatsvakurudzi vanovandudza mamwe maitiro ehushandi uyu anonyatsogadzirisa uye vanowana zvimwe zvinoshandiswa.
Shoko Rinobva
Botox inyanzvi inyanzvi inowanzoshandiswa kubata marudzi mazhinji emakakatanwa. Kakawanda, kushandiswa kweBotox kwakanyanya kusachengeteka, uye kune zvishoma zvingava nemigumisiro yakaipa. Kana uchida kugamuchira kurapa kweBotox, tapota taura ne dermatologist yako.
Sources
Camargo, CP, et al. Botulinum toxin yepamusoro-soro wrinkles (Protocol). Cochrane Library. 2014.
Dorizas, A, Krueger, N, Sadick, NS. Aesthetic Uses the Botulinum Toxin. Dermatologic Clinics. 2014; 32 (1): 23-36.