Paunopinda muchipatara , zvichida chinhu chekupedzisira chaunofunga pamusoro penzvimbo. Zvisinei, rimwe boka rekutsvakurudza rinotsvaga rinoratidza kuti chipatara chepachipatara chakafukidzwa nemabhakitiriya uye chinogona kushanda sechinhu chinogona kutapurirwa. Kunyange kana vanhu vasingabatanidzi zvakananga pasi, zvimwe zvinhu izvo varwere, vashanyi, uye vashandi vanoshanda nguva dzose vanobatana pasi.
Nokudaro, iri pfungwa yakanaka yekuderedza kushamwaridzana kwako kwete nechipatara pasi chete, asiwo zvinhu zvinosangana nechipatara pasi (semuenzaniso, shangu, masokisi, uye masheya evanhu vanosimudza magirasi) uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira-dzakaita (semuenzaniso, mabhii ekudana, mahombodo, uye mabheji emabhedha ). Nokuderedza kushamwaridzana kwako nezvinhu izvi uye kuchenesa maoko ako kazhinji, unogona kuderedza ngozi yako yehutachiona uye njodzi yekuparadzira utachiona kune vamwe.
Chii Chinoraramira Nezvipatara Mvura uye Zvimwe Zvisikwa?
Muna 2014 abstract, Desphande uye vanyori vanyori vanotsanangura muchidimbu zvavanoita kuti vaone kuti chii chinonyanya kuitika pasi pezvipatara zveAmerica.
Muchidzidzo chacho, vatsvakurudzi vakagadzira nzvimbo dzepasi-120 mukati mezvipatara zvina zve Cleveland-nzvimbo. Vakawana zvinotevera:
- 22 muzana yezvivako zvepasi zvakange zvakanaka kune methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
- 33 muzana yezvivako zvepasi zvakakosha kune vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)
- 72 muzana yezvivako zvepasi zvakakosha nokuda kweClostridium difficile (C. difficile)
- 1.4 zvinhu zvakanyanya-kubata zvinhu pavhareji vaisangana nepasi
- 24 muzana yepamusoro-touch zvinhu zvakasvibiswa neapoka imwe pathogen
- 57 kubva muzana yezvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakasangana nepasi zvakatumira zvirwere (mabhakitiriya) mumaoko
Migumisiro yenyaya ino yakanyanyisa kunetseka nokuti mishonga inowanika inogona kutungamirira kuchipatara-chakawana zvirwere.
MRSA ihutachiona hwe staph hunogona kukonzera zvirwere zveganda, zvirwere zveropa, uye pneumonia uye inopesana nemishonga yakawanda inorwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
VRE inogona kukonzera kukanganiswa kwemakirini uye zvirwere zvinokuvadza. Inopesana nevancomycin, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Clostridium difficile inokonzera marwadzo emuviri uye chirwere chakanyanya. C. difficile ndicho chikonzero chinowanzokonzera chipatara chinowanikwa. Zvakaoma chaizvo kuburuka kubva pasi, uye zvinowanzogadziriswa kuti zvisike. Pane kudaro, kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kuti chlorine-kubudisa vamiririri vanobudirira mukubvisa iyi pathogen. Zvinosuruvarisa, zvipatara zvakawanda hazvishandisi nonsporicidal agents kushambidza pasi, uye hazvisi pachena kuti zvipatara zvakachena zvakagadziriswa nevanoshanda zvakadaro.
Mukudzidza kwavo, Deshpande uye vanyori vanyori vakaona kuti C. difficile yakanga isingowanikwa muzvivako zvakatsaurwa apo vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanochengeterwa asi mune dzimwe dzimba dzisingagari vanhu vane utachiona. Chaizvoizvo, C. difficile yaiwanzowanika mumakamuri asina kudzivirira. Nokudaro, zvinoratidzika kuti C. difficile ane ruzivo pakupararira.
Izvi Zvirwere Zvitsva Zvinoparadzira Sei?
Mune peji ra2016 rainzi "Kuongorora Kwezvipatara Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvimwe Zvichibva Pathogen Kuparadzira Kushandisa IAinpathogenic Virus seMunhu Akangwara," Koganti nevamwe vaishanda navo vakaedza kuenzana nekukura kwekuti zvirwere kubva pasi zvakapararira kune maoko evarwere pamwe nepamusoro -kudzika kunowanikwa mukati nekunze muimba yechipatara.
Muchidzidzo ichi, vatsvakurudzi vakatora bacteriophage M2, utachiona husina hutachipatara, hwaive hwakagadzirirwa kuti hurege kukonzera utachiona, ndokuhuisa pamapuranga emadziro pasi pedo nemibhedha yezvipatara. Vakabva vashandura nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kuti vaone kuti iyi pathogen yakapararira kupi.
Vatsvakurudzi vakawana kuti hutachiona hwakapararira mumaoko, shangu, maoko, mabhedha emibhedha, mabhedha emabhedha, matafura etirasi, zvigaro, mapurisa oximeter, mashizha emasuo, mashizha emwenje, uye matinho pamwe chete nemakamuri akakomberedzwa uye nzvimbo dzokurapa. Kunyanya kunyanya, munzvimbo yekuchengetedza vana, pathogen yakawanikwa pamakona ebhii, makombiyuta makonzo, nematafoni. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvirwere zvepachirwere pazvipatara pasi zvinotenderera zvakapoteredza.
Zvinonzwisisika, chidzidzo ichi chakange chiine zvishoma.
Chokutanga, hutachiona hwaishandiswa panzvimbo yebhakitiriya. Zvidzidzo zvekare, zvisinei, zvakaratidza kuti mavairasi uye mabhakitiriya anotengesa zvakafanana kubva kune fomites (zvinhu) kuminwe.
Chechipiri, vatsvakurudzi vakaisa kunyanya kuwedzera kwebhakteriophage M2 pachipatara pasi; saka, chiitiko ichi chinogona kunge chichiratidzira chiitiko chakaipisisa.
Chechitatu, vatsvakurudzi vakatsvaga chete mabhandi emapuranga pasi uye kwete mamwe marudzi ezasi pasi muchipatara; saka, hazvina kunyatsojeka kuti zvipatara zvakadini zvinogona kupararira kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo zvakadai se linoleum uye carpeting.
Chikupedzisira chinonyanya kukosha chinosanganisira kuendeswa kwezvirwere zvepachigoni zvichibva pasi kusvika kuminwe uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemuviri zvinosanganisira kushandiswa kwemasero asingasviki. Zvisizvo-zvisikwa zvisikwa zvinoumbwa nekotoni kana kuti polyester uye zvakasungirirwa nezvikwereti kuti zvive nekutengesa. Aya masokisi anodzikisa njodzi yekuwira, zvikurukuru pakati pevanhu vakwegura.
Zvisizvo zvisingabatsiri masokisi zvakagadzirirwa kushandiswa kwenguva pfupi chete uye zvinoshandiswa zvisina kushandiswa mune zvemishonga. Zvisinei, varwere vari muchipatara vanowanzovapfekedza vakakomba neawa uye vanofamba-famba vachipoteredza chipatara navo, kushanyira chimbudzi, mabhizimisi ezitolo, zvipo zvezvipo, nzvimbo dzakawanda, nezvakadaro. Vanhu vanowanzopfeka masokisi mamwechete kwemazuva anoverengeka uye vanovatora kurara, zvakare.
Mumushumo mutsva we2016 wakabudiswa mu Journal of Hospital Infection , Mahida naBowell vakagamuchira VRE pamusoro pezana nezana zvemasokisi neRMSA pamapfumbamwe kubva muzana. Uyezve, VRE yakawanikwa pa69 muzana yezvipatara pasi zvakaedzwa, uye MRSA yakawanikwa pa17 muzana yepasi yakaedzwa. Nenzira, simba rekudzidza iyi raiva rakaderera uye sampuli mazamu aiva maduku.
Vatsvakurudzi vanopedzisa kuti zvisizvo zvisina kusimba zvisikwa, izvo zvinowanzotarisana nechipatara pasi, zvinogona kunge zvakashata zvepachirwere. Vanyori vanoratidza kuti masokisi aya anofanira kurasikirwa mushure mekushandiswa uye kusapfeka kwenguva yakareba. Kunyatsoratidzika kwenguva yakareba sei masokisi aya anogona kupiwa, zvisinei, hazvina kujeka, uye kutsvakurudza kunoda kuitwa.
Kutsvaka 'Kuchena' Makamuri
Zvakaoma kuchenesa zvipatara pasi. Zvakaomawo kutsanangura kuti "chakachena" ndechei. Nekuremekedza kuchipatara pasi, zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti detergents uye zvinokonzera majekiseni zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira mazvirwere. Zvakakosha, detergents uye zvinodhaka maitiro hazvina kufanana. Detergents inobvisa tsvina, mafuta, nemishonga kuburikidza nekucheka neswa remvura; asi, majekiseni epakemikari ari maikemikari kana kupindira kwemuviri kunouraya mabhakitiriya.
Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti kuchenesa pasi uye zvimwe zvakagadzirwa nemasikisi, uye nokudaro kungobvisa tsvina chete, zvinogona kunge zvakashanda sekushandisa majekiseni. Uyezve, inodhura, inouraya-zvose zvinokonzera kusaporesa zvinogona kuita kuti kupararira kwezvisikwa zvisingaiti. Zvimwe zvinokonzera kusaporesa majekiseni zvinogona kuva zvinokuvadza kune vashandi vanozvishandisa uye kuva zvakaipa kune zvakatipoteredza.
Nzira dzekuchenesa dzakakodzwa dzakanaka zvisina kukwana pakudonhedzera pasi uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira-pamakamuri muzvipatara. Ikozvino kuchenesa nzira dzimwe nguva haisi kutarisa nzvimbo dzakarurama kana kushandiswa kakawanda zvakakwana kuti kuderedza bioburden kana nhamba yezvirwere zvingakonzera kutapukirwa. Nzira itsva, kusanganisira majekiseni, steam, automated dispersal systems, uye masimba antimicrobial, zvakaoma kuongororesa mari-inobudirira nokuti dhigiriji demo hairi ikozvino kuenzaniswa nemigumisiro yevarwere.
Njodzi dzekusvibiswa kwepamuchinjikwa dzinowedzerawo nezvimwe zvinotevera:
- kuwedzerwa basa rakawanda revashandi vechipatara
- rinokurumidza kubhedha
- nhamba yakawedzera yevarwere vari muchipatara
- clutter
- mashoma ventilation
Uyezve, munguva yekuwedzera mari yehutano, imwe nzira yakagadzirirwa yekudhura mari inoshambidza, iyo inowedzera kuisa pangozi yekusvibiswa uye kutapukirwa.
Maererano neshoko ra2014 rakabudiswa muCliniki Microbiology Ongororo :
Kubvisa kuonekwa uye kusingaoneki tsvina kubva muzvipatara zvemazuva ano uye mune ramangwana zvinoda vadzidzisi vakakwana vakarovedzwa, kuongororwa kwekuenderera mberi, kuenzaniswa kwezviburden, dzidzo, kuvandudza nguva dzose kwekuita, uye nzira mbiri dzekutaurirana pakati pevaya vane basa rekuchenesa uye avo vane hutachiona hwekutapukirwa.
Kwemazana emakore zana remakumi maviri, kucheneswa kwechipatara pasi uye zvimwe zvivako zvinowedzera bioburden zvaive zvakakosha pakati pevatariri vezvipatara. Nguva dzave dzakashanduka uye pfungwa yokuti nzvimbo dzakadaro dzinoshandiswa sechikonzero chechipatara chinowanikwa muchipatara chave chichigamuchirwa zvakakwana. Kunyange zvakadaro, isu tisati taziva nzira yekugadzirisa nayo dambudziko iri nekubudirira uye dzakawanda zvezvipfeko zvinosara zvinoramba zviripo. Nokudaro, pasinei nokuti iwe uri murwere kana muenzi, pane zvaunofarira kuti uchengetedze dzimwe nguva uchiri muchipatara.
Kuramba Wakachengeteka MuChipatara
Kana iwe uchizobvumirwa kuenda kuchipatara kana kushanyira munhu waunoda, chinhu chakanaka chekufamba zvishoma uye kutora matanho anogadzirisa dambudziko rehutachiona. Kunyange kana iwe usingawani utachiona mushure mekubata zvinhu, unogona kuparadzira zvirwere kune avo vanogona kutapukirwa. Kunyanya, vakwegura vanochengetedzwa muzvipatara zvinotarisirwa nevarwere vane hutano hwakasiyana-siyana vari pangozi yakakura yekupatara-inowanikwa zvirwere. Iwe hausi kuda kuita chero chinhu chinogona kuita kuti vanhu ava vawedzere kurwara.
Heano mamwe matanho aunogona kutora muchipatara:
- Geza maoko ako pamwe nesipo uye mvura kana doro-based clean cleaners pavanopinda kana kubuda mukamuri, mushure mokubata murwere uye mushure mekushandisa imba yekugezera.
- Dzivisa kugunzva varwere zvakanyanya.
- Shamba maoko ako zvakakwana uye usabata zvidhinha nemafuta pashure pokugeza maoko ako.
- Iva nechokwadi chokuti unomisa maoko ako zvachose mushure mekushandisa sese nemvura.
- Ita zvose zvaunogona kuti urege kugunzva mafonti, zvipatara, michina yemabhedha, shangu, masokisi nezvimwe zvinhu zvingasvibiswa.
- Usabata pasi (inonzwika zvisizvo asi zvinoitika-kumbira chero mubereki).
- Kana munhu waunoda ari oga, pfeka mbatya uye magirafu paunoshanyira.
Kana iwe uri murwere muchipatara, iwe unogona kutevera zvakawanda zvehutungamiri humwechete uye ita zvose zvaunogona kuti urambe uri pathogen-isina. Uyezve, yeuka kuti zviri mukati mekodzero dzako kuderedza dambudziko rako rekutapukirwa, uye pfungwa yakanaka kubvunza chero mimwe miitiro inotyisa yaunogona kuiona pakati pevashandi vechipatara. Semuenzaniso, vashandi vezvipatara vanofanira kushambidza maoko avo kana kushandisa doro-based based cleaners mushure mekunge vakugunzva, uye kunyange vakashandisa girafu.
Pakupedzisira, usanyara pakukumbira zvitsva zvisiri zvidzoro kana uchida. Iwe zvechokwadi haufaniri kupfeka masokisi mamwechete kwenguva yakareba kana kurara mavari. Kana iwe uchifamba-famba muchipatara nemasokisi aya, shandura paunodzoka uye ushamba maoko ako zvakakwana.
> Sources
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> Deshpande A et al. Icho Chipatara Mvura Inzvimbo Isinganzwisisiki yekutumira Clostridium difficile uye Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus? (Abstract). 2014.
> Koganti S et al. Kuongororwa Kwezvipatara Zvimwe Zvichibva Pathogen Kupararira Kushandisa Virus Nonpathogenic Sokufungidzirwa Kwechiratidzo. Chirwere Chetachiona uye Chipatara Epidemiology. 2016. 37 (11); 1374-1377.
> Mahida N naBowellwell T. Zvisingaiti zvisikwa: chitubu chinogona kuendesa zvipembenene zvisingaverengeki muzvipatara? Nyaya yeHirwere Infection . 2016; 94: 273-275.