Kurasikirwa Nekodzero Yokunzwa Mafambiro Akakwirira
Vanhu vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwepamusoro-soro havagoni kunzwa manzwi ari mumakwikwi akakwirira, zvakadai seanzwi semakadhi s, h uye f. Izvi zvinogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma iwe kuti unzwisise kutaura.
Pamusoro pezwi , mafunguro acho anobva kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro. Tsanangudzo yepamusoro yakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti 2000 Hertz (2kHz) kuti ive yakakurumbira nguva.
I-high-frequency ranges inobva muna 2000 Hertz kusvika ku 8000 Hertz. (1000 Hz inonzi inenge iri pakati penguva.)
Overview
Kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunzwika kuchaita kuti munhu anzwisise kutaura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nokuti ma consonants (s, h, f) akareba-kutinhira misodzi inotangira kubva 1 500 kusvika ku6,000 Hertz. Kurasikirwa nenzeve mune izvozvi zvinoreva kuti izvo zvinonzwika zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Kune vana, izvi zvinogona kureva kusakanganisa dzidzo yavo nekuda kwekusakwanisa kunzwisisa mutauro mukirasi.
Dambudziko reNengozi
Mukuedza kuziva kuti vangani vanhu vane rudzi urwu rwekurasikirwa kwekunzwa , vatsvakurudzi vakafananidza dhiyabhorosi kubva muna 1959-1962 National Health Examination Study ku data kubva muna 1999-2004 National Health uye Nutrition Examination Study. Kushandisa nhamba yekuongorora, vakawana kuti vanhu vemazuva munguva pfupi yapfuura vanonzwa zviri nani nekuenzaniswa nevanhu vakuru mukudzidza kwenguva yakareba.
Mukutsvakurudza kwevechiri kuyaruka, vatsvakurudzi vakaenzanisa dhamusi kubva kuTatu National National Health uye Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESI) ye 1988-1994, kune dheti kubva ku 2005-2006 NHANES ongororo.
Vose vatori vechikamu vaiva nemakore 12 kusvika ku19.
Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti kubva muna 2005 kusvika muna 2006, kusagadzikana kwekunzwa kwekunzwa kwakawanda kwakanyanya uye kuparara kwekunzwa kunzwa kwakanyanya kwaive kwakanyanya pakati pevechiri kuyaruka kusiyana nekuenzaniswa nevechiri kuyaruka vakadzidza mumakore ekuma1980 nekupera kwema90. (Vanotsvakurudza vanotsanangura maitiro akadai se 3000 kusvika ku8000 Hertz.) Kuwanda kwekurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwepamusoro kwakange kuri 12.8 muzana muboka rekare; asi kubva muna 2005 kusvika muna 2006, yaiva 16,4 muzana.
Izvi zvaifungidzirwa se "zvakakosha zvikuru" nevatsvakurudzi.
Mukutsvaga kwavo, vatsvakurudzi havana kuwana misiyano chero ipi zvayo muhutano hwekutaridzika kune ruzha pakati pezviviri zvekuongorora asi vakaratidza kuti vechidiki vanowanzotaurirana uye vanocherechedza huwandu hwavo hwekutaridzirwa kumheremhere. Nokudaro, kumhanyira kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwepamusoro pakati pevechiri kuyaruka kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekuwedzera mukusununguka kune ruzha, zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kunzwika .
Zvinokonzera
Mhere-mhere haisi iyo chete inokonzera kukanganisika kwekunzwa-kunzwa kwepamusoro. Kune zvikonzero zvakawanda. Zvinokonzera kusanganisira kukwegura (presbycusis), genetics, ototoxicity (yakadai semakemotherapy mishonga), uye zvirwere uye syndromes. Iko kunewo zvimwe zvinokonzera zvikonzero zvakadai sechirwere cheshuga.
Kudzivirira
Pane nzira dzekudzivirira kuparara kwekunzwa kunzwa kwakanyanya. Vanhu vane hanya nezvengozi vanogona kutarisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzivirira kunzwa, dzakadai semakororo.
Management
Kunzwa rubatsiro kunogona kutora yakakwirira mazwi uye kuidzikisa. Kune nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekuita izvi. Nzira yekutanga, iyo inowanzonzi kutengesa, inotora simba rakakura rehuwandu uye inovaendesa kunharaunda yakaderera, izvo zvinoguma nekuvhenganiswa kwezwi rakatsinhanurwa (rakatamiswa) uye risina kutumirwa pfupi pfupi inzwi.
Imwe nzira, inonzi "nonlinear frequency compression", inoshandisa kuwandisa kwechiyero pamusorosoro wepamusoro kunonyorera, asi hairi kuifambisa, nokudaro kudzivisa kusanganiswa nemajaya mashoma. Kana iwe uchitenda iwe uri kunzwa kurashikirwa kwekunzwa kwechimiro ichi, kuona anekorikorikoro yakakosha.
Mishonga
Kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwepamusoro kunogona kutarisirwa nekushandisa mazano ekunzwa uye mapiritsi emakwenzi . Zvechokwadi, kudzidza mutauro wemasaini uye unyanzvi hwekuverenga zvinogonawo kubatsira.
Sources:
Vanhu veAmerica Vanonzwa Zvakanaka Kana Zviri Nani Nhasi Kuenzaniswa Nemakore 40 Ago: Inzwa Zigadziro Zvesero muVanhu Vasina Kuchengetwa veUnited States, 1959-1962 uye 1999-2004. Nzeve nekunzwa. December 2010 - Bhuku 31 - Nyaya 6 - pp 725-734
Kukura Kwekuremara: Kunzwa Kurasikirwa. Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/hi2.htm
Glista, Danielle MSc; Susan Scollie, PhD; Melissa Polonenko, MCISc; na Jacob Sulkers, BA. A Kuenzaniswa kweKusarudzwa Kwevana neNonlinear Frequency Compression Systems. Kunzwa Ongororo. November 2009.
Shargorodsky, Josef, Sharon G. Curhan, Gary C. Curhan, Roland Eavey. Kuchinja Mukuwedzera kwekunzwa Kurasikirwa muUnited States Adolescents JAMA. 2010; 304 (7): 772-778.
Simpson, A. Frequency-kuderedza zvigadziro zvekutarisira kukwikwidzika kwepamusoro-kunzwa kunzwa: kubvunzurudza.Kutora muAmplification. 2009 Jun; 13 (2): 87-106.