Immunotherapy inokurumidza kubuda sechinhu chakasimba chokurwisa zvirwere, kunyanya zvirwere zvakaoma kubata. Nekenza immunotherapy , maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri anoshandiswa kurwisana nemamota munzira dzisingawaniki. Kupindira kwema immunotherapy kunogona kukonzera zvakananga masimba ezvirwere zvezvirwere kana kuisa maune immune system nemapuroteni maitiro, kana maantijeni , kuti adzidzise maitiro ezvirwere mumuviri.
Mishonga yokurapa kenza ine utano hwe immunotherapy hunoshandiswa pakurapa makondombera akatovapo. Kunyanya kazhinji, zvirwere zvekenza zvinokonzera biologics, kana biopharmaceuticals. Zvimwe biologics zvinosanganisira zvikamu zveropa, gene therapy, allergenics, nezvimwe zvirwere.
Parizvino, chirwere choga chechirwere icho FDA chakabvumidza chinonzi Zvimwe zvokurapa kenza yeprotate .
Kenza Kurapa Zvirwere
Antigens zvinhu zvinokonzera maitiro ezvirwere zvemuviri. Mishonga yakawanda yekurapa kenza mukugadzira inopa maitiro anokonzera kenza kune masero e dendritic. Aya masero e-dendritic masero ezvirwere anodzivirira zvakananga pamwero wejojo (dermis) uye anoshandisa antigen. Uyezve, mafungiro emakemikari anowanikwa mune chirwere chekenza kuregera, kana kuti kuwedzerwa kwekugadzira, yemamorekemu inofanira kuzobatana neT cells. Nemaziso, maitiro anokonzerwa nekenza anogona kunyanya kurudzi rumwe rwekenza kana boka rezvikamu zvinokonzera kanzira.
Aya masero akaitwa dendritic anotamira kune lymph nodes, izvo zvidiki zviduku zvezvirwere zve immunologic zviri mumuviri wose. Kamwe iyo masero anonzi dendritic anoita kuti iine lymph node, inopa kenza-specific antigen kumasero eT. Yakagadzirirwa masero eT anotenderera mumuviri wose uye inotarisa masero emukenza anouya ne antigen uye lyse, kana kuputsa, kenza yesero.
(Zvimwe zvepamusoro, maitiro eCD4 + T anogadzirwa anogadzira magytokines anokonzera kusimwa kweCD 8 masero, ayo mushure mekutsva nekutsvaira anofamba mumuviri wose.)
Maererano neDFA, zvirwere zvakawanda zvepachirwere zvino zviri mukugadzira zvinoshandisa mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, kana mbiriso semotokari, kana mavecher , kutakura antigens. Mabhakitiriya, mavairasi, mbiriso, nezvimwe zvakadaro zvakasununguka zvisizvo uye zvinokonzera mhinduro dzekuzvidzivirira pamuviri ivo pachavo; zvisinei, zvinoshandurwa kuti zvirege kukonzera zvirwere.
Zvimwe, zvirwere zvekenza zvinogona kuumbwa kushandiswa kweDNA kana RNA iyo code ye antigen. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinowanzobatanidzwa mumasero izvo zvino zvinogadzira maantigen. Tariro ndeyokuti aya mashandisi emuviri emuviri achazobereka mazana antigens anokonzerwa nekenza kuti aite simba rakasimba remune kuti auraye tumarara masero.
Pakupedzisira, zvitatu zvinotarisirwa zvinofanira kuitwa kuti masero emuviri aparadzwe nemushonga:
- iyo yakawanda yakawandisa masero emununisi uye inonzi yakabatana nekenza masero inofanira kubudiswa
- aya masero eT anokwanisa kukwanisa kupinda mukati memarara
- aya masero eT anotanga kushanda panzvimbo yekutura kuti aite zvinokonzera nzvimbo
KoKenza Inobatsira Sei?
Munguva yemakore anoverengeka apfuura, mazana emakenza (dendritic-cell) vachirongwa.
Zvisinei, mhinduro yezvipembenene kune aya majekiseni akaderera zvikuru-anenge 2.6 muzana. Ichokwadi, mamwe maitiro e-immunotherapy akaratidza kuti anoshanda zvakanyanya, izvo zvave zvichiita kuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzisabatsire mishonga yedu ye "kushungurudzwa" kwekenza kurapa mishonga.
Saka kana chirwere chekurapa zvirwere zvisingawanzobudirira kuvanhu, sei tiri kuramba tichiisa mari uye nguva mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yekenza? Pane zvikonzero zvisati zvitanhatu zvinotsanangura kufarira kwatinoita mune izvi.
Chokutanga, zvirwere zvakashanda mukudzivirira kenza, uye kubudirira uku kwave kuchiendesa kurapwa kwekenza nemishonga.
Mune mamwe mazwi, basa ratakaita kuti tive nekudzivirira zvirwere zvepachirwere chekudzivirira rakatidzidzisa zvakawanda maererano nehutachiona hwekenza masero uye yakapa hurongwa hwehutano hwekuvandudzwa kwezvirwere zvekenza mishonga. Ikozvino pane zvirwere zviviri zvinodzivirira kenza: chirwere che hepatitis B chinodzivirira kenza yeropa, uye chirwere chepillomavirus (HPV) chinodzivirira huro, kondomu, anal uye dzimwe kenza
Chechipiri, chirwere chekurapa zvirwere zviri nyore kupa uye zvinokonzera madambudziko mashoma.
Chechitatu, vatsvakurudzi vanowanzomiririra mukududzirwa kwavo kwezviitiko zvemiedzo inosanganisira chirwere chekurapa zvirwere, izvo zvinopa muhupe unopoteredza rudzi urwu rwekupindira. Kunyanya, vanotsvakurudza vanowanzotarisa pane zvisinganzwisisiki zvinyorwa zvake, kana masero, kuchinja uye lymphocyte (T cell) kupinda mukati mamasumbu panzvimbo yekuisa pfungwa pakuchinja kwechokwadi : kuderera mukukura kwechiremera kana kuvandudzika muzviratidzo zvechipatara.
Uyezve, vatsvakurudzi vakuru vanoongorora zvirwere zvekenza vanowanzoshandisa tsanangudzo dzinotsausa uye mazwi kujekesa zvibereko, zvakadai se "zviratidzo zvinonyangarika," "kukura kwenguva pfupi mune mamwe maitiro," "tumor necrosis" uye "kusatarisira kwenguva refu." Pasina mamwe mashoko, mazwi aya anoreva zvishoma.
Pane imwe nhoroondo yakabatana, ruzivo rwakawanda rwekenza rutsva rwakaitwa pahutano hwehutano hwehutano shandisa uchishandisa mhando dzemhuka. Miseve, sezvinogona kunge inogona kubva kubva kuhukuru hwavo, maitiro uye mafiriro akaonekwa, akasiyana nevanhu. Nokudaro, chero kubudirira kwatinoona pakubata mhuka idzi nekenza kurapa zvirwere hazvirevi kushandura kuvanhu.
Kunyanya zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvekenza zvakaratidzwa kuva zvinobudirira mhuka, hazvisi nyore kuona chero chinhu chakadaro mumunhu. Kunyanya, kune chirwere chimwe chete chekurapa kemukari yakagamuchirwa neRDA yekurapa kenza mukati mevanhu: Ipai. Zvisinei, pane imwe chirwere chekenza yeprostate ikozvino muPese 3 miedzo yakaratidza kuti inoshanda: Prostvac.
Tisati tatarisa zvose Zvimwe uye Prostac, ngatishandise zvishoma pane ruzivo rwedu rwekenza yeprotate .
Prostate Cancer
Kunze kwekenza yeganda, kenza yeprotate ndiyo kenza inonyanya kuipa inoparadza varume veAmerica. Kunyange zvazvo inenge 1 mu7 varume veAmerica vanokura kenza yeprostate, vashoma vanofa nehosha (inenge 1 muna 39). Pane kudaro, varume vanowanzofa nedzimwe zvirwere pakutanga, sechirwere chemwoyo. Kunyange zvakadaro, muna 2016, paive nevakafa 26,120 zvichikonzerwa nekenza yeprostate.
Nemhaka yekupararira kweprostate-specific (PSA) antigen, biomarker yekenza yeprostate, tave tichikwanisa kuona maitiro ekenza yeprostate kare, apo kenza ichiri kuvharirwa ku prostate, More zvishoma, varume varipo vane kenza ye prostate iyo yakagadziriswa kana kupararira kumapfupa uye inouraya.
Zvimwe zvinowedzera njodzi yekenza yeprostate zvinosanganisira kukwegura, rudzi rweAfrica rweAmerica uye nhoroondo yemhuri.
Vanhu vakawanda vane kenza yeprostate havadi kurapwa uye panzvimbo iyo vanocherechedzwa navanachiremba vavo. Kurapa kwekenza yeprotate kunogona kusanganisira kutarisira kutarisira (kushanda kushanda), kuvhiyiwa (prostatectomy kana kubviswa kweprostate), radiotherapy uye androgen, kana hormone yebonde, kubviswa.
Rongedza
Kupa kana kuti sipuleucel-T chirwere chinonzi dendritic-cell chinogamuchirwa neDFA muna 2010. Chipo ndechimwe chinonzi autologous cellular immunotherapy uye chinoshandiswa kurapa chirwere chemasitadhi chisina kupararira kure zvikuru asi (zvishoma nezvisina kuitika). Uyezve, Ratidza kuti unobata kenza yeprostate iyo isingaiti mahomoni (hormone refractory).
Pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvine chokuita, hormone refractory kanzira inopindura kune hormone-inoshaiwa kurapwa, kana zvinodhaka zvinosvibisa ne androgens, kana kuti hormone dzepabonde (funga nezvekurapa kwekurapa).
Kugadzirira kunogadziriswa uchishandisa masero eropa emurwere (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) inoshandiswa neprotheni inonzi granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) uye prostatic acid phosphatase, kana PAP, kenza yeprostate antigen.
Chikonzero nei GM-CSF inopiwa neAngen PAP ndeyekuti vatsvakurudzi vanodavira kuti GM-CSF inobatsira kuiswa kwean antigen. Nenzira, mhirizhonga yeropa remonuclear nyuchi dzinoshandiswa semasero e dendritic ayo anogadzirwa an antigen.
Zvinosuruvarisa, Zvirongwa zvinowedzera hupenyu nemwedzi mina chete. Kunyange zvakadaro, nguva ino inogona kubvumira munhu kuti aite zvinhu zvake zvakarongeka uye apedze nguva shomanana nemhuri yake.
Zvakaipa zvinokonzerwa nezvipo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- fever
- chills
- kuneta
- kurwadziwa shure
- headache
Pakati pekurapwa kwechirongwa cheZvipo, varume vashomanana vakawana migumisiro yakakomba yakaipisisa kusanganisira kunetseka kufema, kurwadziwa kwepfupa, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, kufara kwechipfuva uye kuchinja kweropa. Saka, vanhu vane matambudziko emwoyo uye mapapu vanofanira kukurukura nemamiriro aya nehutano hwavo.
Prostvac
Iyo nzira yeProstvac yakasiyana neZvirevo.
Prostvac inosanganisira poxvirus (fowlpox) vector, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) uye chinokonzera costimulatory chinonzi TRICOM. Ichi chirwere chePSA-TRICOM chinokonzera antigen-kuisa masero anokonzera kuti vataure prostate-specific antigen mapuloteni pamusoro pepanyika. Aya masero anogadzira-antigen anouya kune masero eT uye anovadzidzisa kurwisa masero ekenza yeprotate.
Prostvac Phase 2 mishonga yemakiriniki yaisanganisira 82 vatori vechikamu 42 vakagamuchira Prostvac. Prostvac akawedzera hupenyu muboka rekuongorora nehuwandu hwemakore gumi nemashanu. Parizvino, Prostvac iri muchikamu chechitatu chemakiriniki, uye vatsvakurudzi havasi kungoedza kusimbisa kuponeswa kunobatsira kwechirwere asiwo kuedza kuziva kana GM-CSF inofanira kuwedzerwa kumushonga.
Munguva yeChikamu 2 makiriniki, miitiro yakaipa yeProstvac yaisanganisira zvinotevera:
- injection site reactions (kurwadziwa, kuzvimba, kubwinya nezvimwe zvakadaro)
- kuneta
- fever
- kuzvimba
- chills
- joint pain
- chizoro
- nausea
- kurutsa
- chirwere
- kuvimbiswa
Zvirwere zvekenza yeprostate hazvirevi kuti zvishandiswe semutambo wekutanga wekenza yeprotate. Pane kudaro, zvinoshandiswa pakuwedzera chemotherapy.
Chii Chinonzi Imlygic?
Muna 2015, FDA yakabvumira Imlygic, chirwere chinoputika chechirwere chekurapa kana chirwere chinonyangadza chinonzi melanoma chisingaiti. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri pamutemo kwete chirwere chepachirwere chekurapa, Imlygic ine zvimwe zvinokonzera kufanana nekenza mishonga inorapa.
Zvirwere zvevirusvirus zviratidzo zvekuzivikanwa kwerinopi inogadziriswa zvakananga mumuviri wemaranoma uye lyses kana kuputsa masero emuviri pasi. Mukuwedzera pakaputsa masero, aya mavairasi ane huwandu hwehuwandu hwekuita kuti hutachiona hwehutano huve hwakafanana nemishonga inopinza.
Cancer Therapeutic Vaccines naI
Parizvino, kushandiswa kwemishonga yekenza mumakiriniki epakirini inopera. Kuwedzerwa, sezvakataurwa kare, zvave zvakaoma chaizvo kuwana mishonga yekenza ine simba chero ripi zvaro pavanhu vanobatanidzwa. Hazvigoneki kuti tichaona zvirwere zvekenza zvinoshandiswa kurapa marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekenza chero nguva pfupi.
Kunyange zvakadaro, zvirwere zvekenza zvinomiririra kufambira mberi kwemuviri wemuviri pamwe chete nemunda we immunotherapy. Zviri nani kuti tinzwisise zvakananga nezvekudzivirira muviri, zviri nani isu tinogona kutora mishonga inogona kuponesa rimwe zuva.
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