Charles Darwin akanga ari nyanzvi yeBritish yemuzana remakore rechi19 uyo akatanga kutonga kuti dzose dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabva kune vamwe. Mumuviri wake webasa, akaronga pfungwa dzakasvika pakuzivikanwa seNheyo yeEvolution, iyo inotsigirwa nehutano hwekusarudzwa kwezvisikwa. Darwin akatanga kudhinda idzi dzidziso mubhuku rinonzi On The Origin of Species muna 1859.
Mukutaura, dzidziso yekushanduka-shanduka inotaura kuti zvinhu zvose zvipenyu zvakabva kune zvimwe zvipenyu. Zvose zvipenyu zvinogona kutarisa midzi yavo kune dzimwe mhuka dzakauya pamberi pavo. Zvisikwa zviri kuramba zvichinja, dzimwe nguva zvichiparadzanisa kuti zvive zvitsva.
Chii Chisiri Chokusarudzwa?
Sarudzo yakasanangurwa inotsanangura nzira iyo mhuka inoshandiswa nayo kune zvakatipoteredza, ichiita kuti vakwanise kurarama - nekushanduka - sezvo mamiriro ezvinhu achichinja. Iyo nzira yekugadzirwa kwezvisikwa inotanga nevarume vane magene anobudisa michina inovapa mukana wekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba zvakakwana kuti ubereke uye kupa izvozvi kubatsira vana vako. Kubva kuzvizvarwa, vazhinji uye vazhinji vehuwandu vane ruzivo rwakadai sezvo avo vasina kunze kwavo vanowanzofa vasati vatora.
Muenzaniso wekugadzirisa uku kwaizova nzira iyo vanhu vakashanduka kuve kureba kana kufamba zvakanaka.
Mumwe muenzaniso ungave kuti mhuka shomanana dzinotungamirirwa nemhuka dzakakura dzakashanduka kuti dzimhanya nekukurumidza kudarika zvidyi zvavo.
Kudzvinyirira kwezvakatipoteredza kunogona kunge kusanaya kunofadza zvirimwa nemhuka zvinogona kurarama nemvura shoma kana kuti inokwanisa kutamira kunzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda. Iyo kusanaya hakuiti kuti tive nemafungiro aya mumiti iyi nemhuka, asi zvinowanzoita kuti vauraye avo vasina mhando dzinodiwa.
Zviratidzo chete izvo zvakagadzirwa nehutano zvinogona kuendeswa kumarudzi anotevera kuti vabatsire kupona kwavo.
Kuponeswa kweFittest
"Kuponeswa kwezvakanakisisa" nemutsara unoshandiswawo kurondedzera kusarudzwa kwezvakasikwa. Vamwe vanhu vanokwereta Darwin nemashoko. Zvisinei, nepo Darwin akashandisa mutsetse iwoyo mune imwe shanduro yechirongwa chake, munhu uyo akatanga kushandisa mutsara uyu aishanda pamwe naDarwin's, muzivi weBritain Herbert Spencer.
Mishonga Mienzaniso yekusarudzwa kwezvakasikwa uye nekushanduka-shanduka paKushanda
Dzidziso dzeDarwin dzakamira nguva yekuedza, uye dzinoshandiswa mazuva ano sechikonzero chehutano hwakasiyana-siyana uye zvekurapa:
- Mabhakitiriya uye mavairusi anokonzera vanhu kurwara uye kufa zvakashanduka kuti zvienderane kune avo vanogara. Mienzaniso inosokomial infections sezvakaita MRSA uye Clostridium difficile kana zvirwere nemhirizhonga yakadai seH1N1 chirwere chenguruve.
- Mabhakitiriya anorwisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya anotsvaga muchipatara uye mumisha yevanamukoti apo maantibiotic ari kushandiswa. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kuuraya vazhinji bhakitiriya, asi nhamba shomanana ine simba rekurarama (kupona kwezvakanaka) uye izvi zvinounza. Kusarudzwa kwezvakasikwa kuri kubasa. Izvozvo zvinokonzera mabhakitiriya zvino zvinogona kubudirira, zvichichinja mabhakitiriya akaurayiwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Somugumisiro, pane nguva dzose kuedza kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iyo mabhakitiriya asina kumbogadzirisa kupikisa.
- Mishonga yemunhu mumwechete uye Human Genome Project zvose zviri zvishoma zvichienderana nenyaya dzeDarwin. Iti genetic code yevanhu inoshandurwa nemitemo inowanikwa nevanhu pamusoro pemarudzi mazhinji.