A History, Its Impact, uye Iyo Inogona Kubatanidza Ramangwana Utano Reform
Iko Hyde Amendment inonyatsodzivirira mari yehurumende kubva kushandiswa kubhadhara kubvisa pamuviri-nezvishoma zvishoma-kuburikidza nemapurogiramu anoshandiswa neDhipatimendi Rezvehutano neHuman Services (HHS).
Iko kuchinjwa, kwakatorwa naRef Henry Hyde (R, Illinois), yakagadzwa muna 1976, uye kunyange isina kumbova mutemo usingagumi, Congress yakarudzorera gore negore kwemakumi mana emakore apfuura, ichiisimbisa semutasvi wemahodha eHHS .
Izvo chete zvisiri pasi peHyde Amendment zviitiko zvinosanganisira kubata chibharo kana kubatana, kana kuti upenyu hweamai huri pangozi.
Whose Coverage Is Impacted?
Iko kushandurwa kunonyanya kukanganisa vakadzi vanofukidzwa neMedicaid , asi inowedzerawo kuHana Health Health Insurance Program , Indian Health Services, uye Medicare (vanenge vakadzi vane mamiriyoni vane makore ekuberekwa nevana vanovharwa pasi peMedarere, sezvo purogiramu inobatanidza avo vakaremara kunze kwevakwegura).
Uye zvakagadziriswa zvakafanana zvakagadzwa pamusoro pemakore anoshandiswa pakugoverwa kunopiwa kuvadzimai vari muchiuto (TRICARE), vashandi vehurumende vanowana ruzivo rwavo kuburikidza ne Federal Employee Health Benefits Program, uye vakadzi vari kushumira muRugare Corps.
Kurambidzwa kwekubvisa pamuviri kubatsiri veKores Corps uye vakadzi vanoshumira muchiuto zvechokwadi vakapfuura kupfuura zvinodiwa neHyde Amendment, kubva muna 1979 kusvika muna 2014 nokuda kweRugare Corps Volunteer, uye kubva muna 1981 kusvika muna 2013 kuvakadzi vari muchiuto.
Mutengo wekuchengetwa kweAlex Corps muna 1979 wakabatanidza kubviswa kwekubvisa pamuviri kune vanozvipira, pasinei nekubatwa chibharo, kubatana, kana ngozi kune hutano hwemukadzi. Izvozvo zvakarambira zviripo kusvikira muna 2014, apo gwaro idzva rekugadzirisa zvikwereti rakabudisa kubvisa pamuviri kuburitsa kune Peace Corps Volunteer muzviitiko zvekubatwa chibharo kana kubatana, kana kuti hupenyu hwomukadzi huchava pangozi nekutakura pamuviri kusvika panguva.
Kubvira panguva iyoyo, Rugare Corps vanozvipira vakabvisa kubvisa pamuviri kubhadhara kune izvo Hyde Amendment inopa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvina kumbovharwa, asi pane zviitiko zvekubatwa chibharo, kubatana, kana ngozi kune hupenyu hwemai, ndizvo.
Kutanga muna 1981, kuvakadzi vanoshumira muchiuto, kubvisa pamuviri kwakaputirwa chete kana hupenyu hwemukadzi hwaiva pangozi yekuenderera mberi nepamuviri. Asi muna 2013, kuvharwa kwechiuto kwakawedzerwa kunosanganisira kubudiswa kwekubvisa pamuviri mune zviitiko zvekubatwa chibharo kana kubatana, zvichiita kuti zvienderane neHyde Amendment.
Medicaid Coverage of Abortions
Nemhaka yeHyde Amendment, federal Medicaid mari (inoyerera kuburikidza neHHS) haikwanisi kushandiswa kubhadhara kubvisa pamuviri kunze kweizvi pamhosva yekubatwa chibharo, kubatana, kana kuti ngozi kune hupenyu hwemai.
Ndinokutendai muchidimbu nekuwedzera kweCall Affable Care Act yekuwedzera Medicaid (ikozvino iri pangozi kutevera sarudzo yaDonald Trump), vaviri kubva pavakadzi gumi veAmerica vezera rekubereka vanofukidzwa neMedicaid.
Uye kubvisa pamuviri hakubvumirwi nevakadzi vakadzi vane mari shoma. Inenge hafu yekubvisa pamuviri yakaitwa mugore ra2014 yaiva yevakadzi vane mari pasi pehurombo. Pasi peAne Affordable Care Act (ACA), munhu wose ane mari pasi pehurombo huchava nekutora Medicaid, asi kune mamwe makumi 19 anoramba kuwedzera Medicaid, uye mune 18 mavari, pane gwaro rekuvhara .
Saka vamwe vakadzi vane mari iri pasi pehurombo huri nehutano hwehutano hwehutano. Zvizhinji zvezvimwe zvose zvine Medicaid, kunyange zvazvo Hyde Amendment inodzivirira federal Medicaid mari yekubvisa pamuviri mune dzakawanda.
Asi Medicaid inobatanidzwa pamwe chete nehurumende nehurumende. Uye 15 inoshandisa shanduko yemari Medicaid mari yekubvisa pamuviri mumamiriro ezvinhu kunze kwekungobata chibharo, kubatana, kana kuti ngozi kune hupenyu hwemamai:
- Alaska
- California
- Connecticut
- Hawaii
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Montana
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- Oregon
- Vermont
- Washington
- West Virginia
Zvizhinji zvehurumende izvi zvinodaro zvichibva pamutemo wedare.
Arizona neItaly vanowirirwawo nemirairo yakafanana yematare asi vachienderera-mukuputsa mitemo yematare-kunongopa Medicaid mari yekubvisa pamuviri mune zviitiko zvekubatwa chibharo, kubatana, kana kuti njodzi kuhupenyu hwemai.
Zvakadini Nehutano Inishuwarenzi Inoshandiswa?
Donald Trump akakunda sarudzo yepurezidhendi muna 2016 uye akavimbisa kubvisa uye kuchinja ACA. Saka ramangwana remurairo iri kumusoro mumhepo. Asi kwenguva iyo iri, Hyde Amendment inobatsira pakugoverwa kwekugoverwa uye kunobhadharwa muhutano hwekutengesa inshuwalhu yehutano.
IAACA yakagadzira shandhu yehutano yehutano muhurumende imwe neimwe, iyo yakawanda iyo inotungamirirwa nehurumende yeHerald kuburikidza neHealthCare.gov. Zvose zvirongwa zvemakethe zvakatengeswa kubvira muna 2014-kusanganisira izvo zvinotengeswa mukutengesana-zvinofanira kusanganisira kugoverwa kwezvinhu gumi zvinokosha zvinotsanangurwa neAACA. Kunyange zvazvo kutarisirwa kwevakadzi zvakanaka, kubata pamuviri, uye kuberekwa kwekuberekwa kune zvose zvinoda kubatsirwa, kubvisa pamuviri hakusi. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, zvirongwa zvehutano hweAACA-zvinorambidzwa hazvina kudziviswa kubva pakuvhara pamuviri.
Nyika dzinogona kuita mitemo yavo pachayo maererano nehutano hwehutano hwekutengesa pamutsinhanisi inogona kupa kugovera kubvisa pamuviri. Kubva muna 2016, maiva nematunhu makumi maviri nemaviri (25) ainge agadzirisa mitemo yavo yekudzivirira kubvisa pamuviri mabasa pamagadziro akatengeswa kuburikidza nekushandura. Vakawanda vavo vakapa zvisiri izvo zvinowirirana neHyde Amendment (kureva, zviitiko zvekubatwa chibharo, kubatana, kana kuti ngozi kune hupenyu hwemai).
Kutengesa ndiyo nzvimbo chete iyo rubatsiro rwemari inotangira premium huripo, uye vanotsigira kodzero dzekuberekera vakaona kuti mune avo makumi maviri nemashanu (pamwe chete nedzimwe nhanhatu nhatu apo mabhizimisi vanobvumirwa kusanganisira kubudiswa kwekubvisa pamuviri pakugadzirisa kwavo zvirongwa asi vakasarudza kusaita saizvozvo ), hapana ruzivo rwehutano hwehutano hwehutano nehutori hwekubvisa pamuviri.
Asi kune rumwe rutivi rwemakwikwi, vatsigiri vanocherechedza kuti mune dzimwe nyika apo kubvisa pamuviri kubvisa pamuviri kunobvumirwa, zvinogona kuva zvakaoma kumapurogiramu ehupenyu kuti aone kuti zvirongwa zvinobvisa pamuviri uye izvo zvisingaiti. Kubva muna 2016, paiva nematunhu maviri-Hawaii neVermont-apo mazano ose ehutano aivepo aisanganisira kubudiswa kwekubvisa pamuviri, nekugadzirisa dambudziko rekunyora kune avo vakanyoreswa nekupikisa kwefilosofi kubvisa pamuviri.
Zvirongwa zvehutano hwehutano hwehutano zvinotengeswa kuburikidza nekukwikwidzana zvakabhadharwa mari pamwe chete neAACA's premium rubatsiro. Saka kutevedza neHyde Amendment kunoda vatsigiri vehutano mumakwikidziro anopa kubvisa pamuviri-kune dzimwe nzvimbo shoma muHyde Amendment-kuunganidza zvikwereti zviviri zvakasiyana zvekubhadhara uye nekuzvichengeta mumakondohwe akasiyana. Ndiyo nzira iyo vanovimbisa kuti rubatsiro runoshandiswa kushandiswa chete kukanganisa mari yekugoverwa kwebasa risingabatanidzi kubvisa pamuviri. Asi kubva pane zvinoonekwa nevatengi, hazvisi izvo zvakaoma, sezvo mutemo unobvumira bhora rose rekubhadharwa kubhadharwa nebhadharo rimwe chete, uye mutakuri anogona kuparadzanisa zviyero mushure mokugamuchira kubhadhara.
Chigumbuso Chekuita-Mumwe Chete Health Health
Kunyange zvazvo yakakundwa zvakanyanya neColorado vateereri mumusarudzo ya2016, vasina-mubhadhari vatsigiri vakaedza kuisa ColoradoCare , imwe nzira-yepamusoro yehutano yehutano inogona kuitika muna 2019. Chirevo chacho chakanga chisingatauriki, chakarambwa nevakachengetedza. Asi yakarambidzwawo nemapoka evanhu vanofambira mberi, avo vaiwanzove vachifarira kune mumwechete-mubhadhari wehutano hwehutano. Imwe yezvinetso zvevatungamiri vanofambira mberi vaitaura nezvekubvisa pamuviri mari.
NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado inopesana neColoradoCare pamagumisiro ekuti ichagumisa kubudiswa kwekubvisa pamuviri munyika. Chinetso chavo ndechokuti Colorado Constitutionary, kubva muna 1984, yakadzivirira kushandiswa kwemari yehurumende kubhadhara pamuviri "kunze kwepamunofanirwa kuchengetedza rufu rwemukadzi kana mwana asati aberekwa apo zvose zvinogona kuitwa zvinochengetedza hupenyu hwega roga."
ColoradoCare ingadai yakave ichibhadharwa nemubatanidzwa wehurumende nehurumende yemari pasi pe Affordable Care Act 1332 Innovation waiver. Kunyangwe iColoradoCare mashoko aive akaiswa pamberi pekusarudzwa haana kureva kubvisa pamuviri zvachose, vatsigiri vezvisarudzo vakafunga kuti pakanga pasina nzira iyo ingadai yakakwanisa kubhadhara pamuviri, uye vainetseka kuti vakadzi muColorado avo iye zvino kubvisa kubvisa pamuviri kuburikidza ne inshuwarisi yega yega inorasikirwa nekuwana kubhadhara pamuviri pasi peColoradoCare.
Zvimwe zvinonetsa zvakaonekwa apo Sénatori Bernie Sanders (D, Vermont) akarayira kuti mumwe aripo "Medicare for All" asvike. Sezvo chirongwa cheSanders chakanga chichibvisa zvachose zvirongwa zvega (uko kubvisa pamuviri kuburitsa kune zvakawanda zviripo) uye kuchinjwa ne federally-funded inshuwarano yehutano iri kutarisirwa neHHS (uye zvichidaro zvichienderana neHyde Amendment) mamiriyoni evakadzi vangadai varasikirwa nehutano hwehutano hwekubvisa pamuviri .
Asi kubhadhara-vasina mari yehutano hwakakwana zvachose kubva patafura yemangwana inotaridzika, zvichienderana nekukunda kwaTrump muchisarudzo chemuongorori uye neRepublican majority muHarare neSenate.
Ko Hyde Amendment Ichanyatsogadziriswa Mutemo here?
Mutungamiri-akasarudzwa Donald Trump akataura kakawanda panguva yemushandirapamwe waaipikisa kubvisa pamuviri. Uye kunyange zvazvo webasa rake rekutsvaga risina kubatanidza kureva kubvisa pamuviri muhutano hwake hwehutano, webhanditi yake yekushandura ine hurongwa hupfupi hwehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunoti hutungamiri hwake huchashanda "kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu vasina mhosva kubva pamuviri kusvika pakufa kwepanyama."
Kunyange zvazvo maDemocrates naHillary Clinton vakadaidza kubvisa Hyde Amendment zvachose, Republican Party Platform yakadana kuibatanidza kuva mutemo . Imba yeVamiririri yakapihwa mutemo muna 2011 izvo zvaizoita kuti Hyde Amendment ive mutemo usingagumi, asi haina kupfuudza Senate.
Muna Svondo 2016, Trump akanyora tsamba yaakanyora kaviri paanopikisa kubvisa pamuviri, kusanganisira zvirongwa zvake zvekusarudza kubvisa pamuviri vatongi kuDare Repamusorosoro, uye kuda kwake kuita Hyde Amendment mutemo usingagumi.
Inoramba ichionekwa kana Hyde Amendment ichagara nokusingaperi. Kubva zvino, tinogona kufungidzira kuti pamwero muduku, zvicharamba zvichiwedzerwa kune zvikwereti zvikwereti zvemangwana rinotarisirwa.
> Sources:
> ACLU Fact Sheet on Peace Corps Kubvisa pamuviri, 2014
> Bernie 2016, Medicare yavose.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, Coverage for Abortion Services muMedicaid, Marketplace Plans, uye Zvimwe Zvimwe. January 20, 2016.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, The Hyde Amendment and Coverage for Abortion Services, September 30, 2016.
> NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado. NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado Inozivisa Kushorwa Kuchinjwa 69. June 22, 2016.