Izwi rokuti surfactant inopfupiswa ye "surface-active agent", anonyanya kufambisa isukemikari inogadzirisa kusanganiswa kwemafuta nemvura nekuderedza kusvibiswa kwepasi pahutauriri pakati pemafuta nemafuta emvura. Nemhaka yokuti mvura nemafuta hazviperi mune mumwe nemumwe, munhu anogadzirisa muviri anofanira kuwedzerwa kumusanganiswa kuti achengetedze kubva pakuparadzanisa muzvikamu.
Vakashambadza muzvipfeko vanopa imwe kana kupfuura mamwe mabasa matanhatu akasiyana:
- Detergents for cleaning
- Wetting agents mu perms
- Inonyorovesa vamiririri ve shampoos
- Emulsifiers mu creams uye lotions
- Kugadzirisa vashandi mumagetsi echando uye vhudzi-kutarisira
- Solubilizers yezvinonhuwira uye zvinonaka
Aina
Detergent: Kuchenesa avo vanoshambadza vanosanganisira seseti uye detergents zvinowanikwa paganda kana vhudzi rekuchenesa. Izvi zvinogadzirisa mafuta zvinotora mafuta kune avo vanoita zvekushanda. Zvadaro, apo munhu anopindira akashambidzwa paanenge akabata mafuta, mafuta anonatswa nemvura.
Inonyangadza: Mafuta akawanda akadai sekuchenesa kana shampoos anowanzowanikwa mune fomu yepombi kana zvichipesana nemafomu emvura. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vatengi vanowanzoda kushandiswa kwemafuro, kunyange zvazvo icho chine mhodzi hachisi chaicho chekuita nekwanisiro yekuchenesa. Mumwe muenzaniso wekuputika kwechiso chiso chinonzi Cetaphil Oil-Control Foaming Face Wash.
Iyo inogadzirisa iyo inogadzirisa mhepo inobvumira kuti chigadzirwa chirambe chichiita sehuputi kana zvichipesana nokugumburana zvakare mumvura. Mimwe mishonga yemishonga yakadai semasikirini steroid (eg Olux mhombwe) kana mutsara minoxidil inowanikwawo muhutu hwekugadzira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemapurogiramu dzimwe nguva zvinoshandiswa nevanorwara pavanoshandisa mushonga kune chekuita.
Emulsifiers: Emulsions inosanganiswa namafuta nemvura zvinenge zvakasimba uye hazviparadzanisi mumatanda ayo emvura nemvura. Iyo inogadziriswa inobvumira emulsion kuti ive nehutano hwakanyatsogadzirwa. Mienzaniso ye emulsions ndiyo inoita kuti magetsi nemafuta awedzere . Vashandi vanowanzosarudza kufungidzirwa kwemavara ekufananidza nekupesana nematanda emafuta nemvura kana kuti mafuta chaiwo. Apo rinoshandiswa paganda, mafuta "anonunurwa" kune ganda.
Mamiriro ekugadzirisa mafungiro: Maitiro ekugadzirisa mafungiro anosanganisira "kusiya-on" mishonga yeganda neyemvere-soro yakadai sevhudzi vhudzi . Mushure mekushandisa mutezo wemvere, chigadzirwa chinoramba chiri pamveredzi, ichichipa manzwiro akanaka nekuda kwepopophilic (mafuta) chikamu chema molecule.
Solubilizers: Vasingaitiki vanogona kushandiswa solubilizers pavanoedza kuedza kuenzanisa huwandu hwemafuta muhuwandu hwemvura. Muenzaniso wezvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira colognes, zvinonhuhwirira, uye tema toner .
The Chemical Makeup of a Surfactant
Sezvo vashandisi vekushanda vanosimbisa kugadzikana kusanganiswa kwemafuta nemvura, vane zvose hydrophilic ("mvura-rudo") uye lipophilic ("oil love") mapoka. Kuva nemapoka aya ose kunoita kuti munhu anopindirana ave amphiphilic. I-hydrophilic group inobvumira munhu anosimba kuti asvike mumvura apo boka re-hydrophobic rinobvumira kuti munhu anenge apinda muropa ave akasanganiswa mumafuta.
> Sources:
> Friesbach U, Erasmy J.. SOFW-Journal . 138: 2012.
> Rieger M, Rhein LD. Vanoputika muzvipfeko . Yechipiri Edition. CRC Press. 1997.
> Romanowski, Perry. "Zvigadziriswa Zvisingasviki - An Introduction for Cosmetic Chemists." Chemist Corner.