Zvirwere zvepachivha zvinoshandura nguva yose. Ndicho chikonzero nei tichida kuwana chirwere chinoputika gore rose.
Zvimwe zvekuchinja uku zviduku, asi kune dzimwe nguva hukuru huri kuchinja hunoita kuti hutachiona hwehutachiona hutsva hwakakwana. Iyi ndiyo mishonga inorwarisa chirwere chetachiona chinoshungurudza iyo nyanzvi dzinonetseka pamusoro pezvo nokuti ndiyo iyo inogona kukonzera chirwere chekurwara.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvekuziva nezvehutachiwana hutachiona hwehutachiona hunosanganisira:
- vanhu, zvikurukuru vana vaduku, kazhinji havana chitunha che "nhoroondo" kana kuti mhuka itsva yezvirwere zvemhuka
- Nguruve zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona zvinogona kuendesa vanhu vanorwara zvinonzi zvakasiyana-siyana zvirwere
- dzimwe hutachiona hwehutachiwana hutsva hunochinja hupenyu hunogona kuita kuti zvive nyore kwavari kupararira kubva kumhuka kusvika kune vanhu kana kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba
Kushanduka kwechidiki muhutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwekurwisa. Kuchinja-chinja kunogona kukonzera kuchinja kwechirwere chetachiona kuitira kuti masimba edu asingazvizivi uye isu hatina kunyatsodzivirirwa nezvirwere.
Zvimwe kuchinja kukuru kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwe antigenic. Izvi ndizvo zvakakonzera chirwere cheH1N1 cha2001 . Panzvimbo yekuchinja kusina kuchinja kana kuchinja mune imwe chirwere chemvura, kushandiswa kweva antigen kunokonzerwa nekugadziriswa kwakawanda kwemajini kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvirwere, kazhinji pakati pemhuka uye matambudziko evanhu. Nokudaro kuburikidza nekuchinja kwe antigenic, chirwere chemapfupa chakashata chingangodaro chakakwanisa kutapudza shiri kana nguruve, zvingazowana kukwanisa kupararira kuvanhu.
2016-1017 Flu Season
Chirwere chemapfupa chinoshandiswa neongororo iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa munguva yegore ra 2015-1016 uye iyo yakabatanidzwa muchirwere chekupedzisira chirwere chechirwere chaisanganisira:
- A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09-like virusi
- A A / Switzerland / 9715293/2013 (H3N2) -virwere yakadai
- yeB / Phuket / 3073/2013-like virus
- B / Brisbane / 60/2008-sevirwere (quadrivalent vaccine vaccines chete)
H1N1 utachiona hwehutachiona hwakakonzera chirwere chave hunova humwe hutachiona hwemwaka.
Gore rakatevera gore ra2012 kusvika ku17 maronda epakemini rinosanganisira:
- A / California / 7/2009 (H1N1) pdm09-like virusi
- yeA / Hong Kong / 4801/2014 (H3N2) -ine utachiona hwakafanana
- uye B / Brisbane / 60/2008-sevirwere (B / Victoria lineage)
- quadrivalent vaccines ichabatanidza B / Phuket / 3073/2013-segirwere rerwere (B / Yamagata lineage)
Saka kusvika kune zvikamu zviviri zvegore rinouya rekudzivirira chirwere chechirwere kuchachinja.
Imbwa Flu
Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vedu tagara tagara tichida kunzwa nezveshiri dzenyoka uye chirwere chenguruve, imbwa chirwere chinhu chitsva.
Kunzwa pamusoro pe 2015 dog dog flu (canine influenza) kuputika muChicago pamwe pamwe vakashamiswa uye vane hanya nevanhu vazhinji. Nenzira yakanaka, chirwere chemhuka hachipindi kuvanhu. Iro hutachiona hweH3N2 iyo yakatanga mumabhiza inogona kupararira pakati pembwa kunyange, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuedza kudzora uye kudzivirira mamiriro matsva.
HPAI H5
Kubva munaDecember 2014, zvakanyanya pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 utachiona hutachiwana hwakawanikwa muUnited States munyeredzi, shiri dzinofamba-famba (Canada Goose, Mallards, Snowy Owl, nezvimwewo) uye huku hwekumba, kusanganisira huku, turkeys, uye madada.
Mamirioni e shiri dzinorwara munharaunda dzinenge 21 dzakatungamirira kune mazano kubva kuCDC iyo vanhu:
- dzivisa shiri dzomusango uye uzvichengete kubva kure
- rega kusangana nemhuka dzenyika (nkhuku) dzinorwara kana dzakafa
- rega kusangana nepamusoro penzvimbo iyo inoita seyakasvibiswa nemasumbu kubva kumhuka dzomusango kana kumhuka.
Ihwo hutano hwehutano kune vanhu vanobva kune chirwere ichi chemhiri chinofungidzirwa kuva chakanyanya panguva ino asi.
Pane kunetseka kuti shiri inoputika inogona kukonzera kushayikwa kweii, mitengo yakakwirira ye mazai, uye yakakwirira mitengo yeTurkey.
H3N2 Zvimwe Zvirwere Zvirwere
Mushonga weH3N2 (H3N2v) wakasiyana-siyana une vanhu 12 vanorwara muna 2011. Uyu hutachiona hwehutonda hunoita kuti huve nehutachiona, asi hwakakwanisa kuisa vanhu vanorwara-kunyanya vanhu avo vakagara kwenguva refu kune nguruve dzine utachiona.
Uku ndiko kuputika kukuru. Muna 2012, nyaya yacho inotarisa zvirwere zveH3N2v yakawedzera kusvika ku309 mumatunhu gumi nemaviri.
Kunyange zvazvo takaonawo zvimwe zviitiko kubva panguva iyoyo, semakore akapfuura, pane zvishoma zvinopararira kubva kune mumwe munhu kune mumwe. Aya ndiwo mashoko akanaka kwatiri tose, asi vamwe vanhu vachiri kungofanirwa kuchenjerera, kunyanya avo vari pangozi yepamusoro yehutano hwezvinetso . ICDC inokurudzira kuti vadzivirire zvivako zvevuruve uye nguruve pazvikoro zvekurima.
Kuti urege kuwana H3N2v kubva munguruve, zvinokoshawo kuti munhu wose:
- vashambidza maoko avo zvakanaka mushure mekunge kusununguka kune nguruve
- Rega kutora zvokudya nekumwa zvakapoteredza nguruve
- usatora mutambi wemwana wako, maoyiki, bhodhoro remwana, kana pacifier, nezvimwewo, zvakakomberedza nguruve
- gara kure negurupi ripi rinorwara
Ramba uchifunga kuti iwe haugoni kutaura nguva dzose kana inguruve ine H3N2v. Sezvakaita nehutachiona hwevanhu, dzimwe nguruve dzinogona kutapukirwa nehutachiona uye dzine zviratidzo zvishoma chete kana pasina zviratidzo zvachose uye zvinogona kupararira kune vamwe.
Uye nokuti chirwere cheguruva chinokonzera chinogona kusanganiswa pamwe nekuchinja kune matambudziko matsva, unofanirwa kudzivisa nguruve kana uri kurwara nehosha.
Paiva nemakore 19 chete eH3N2v muUnited States muna 2013, asi matatu chete mumakore muna 2014 uye 2015.
Kusvika ikozvino, muna 2016, pave paine maitiro mana eH3N2v, ose muOhio neMichigan.
H7N9 Bird Flu Kubuda
H7N9 yeH7N9 kuputika muChine yakanga ine vanhu vazhinji vane hanya, sezvo paiva nevakafa makumi mana pakati pemashure 132 chete muna 2013. Kunewo maitiro mashomanana kune vanofamba vachibva kuChina, kusanganisira vanhu vakarwara muCanada neMalaysia.
Nenzira yakanaka, rudzi urwu rwemhiri chirwere harukwanise kupararira kubva kune mumwe munhu kune mumwe. Panzvimbo pezvo, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanorwara kubva pakuvharirwa kune hutachiwana hwehutachiona, zvikurukuru pamisika yemhuka inorarama.
Kutanga kwekutanga kwa2013 kwakaonekwa sekupfuura, asi mitsva mitsva inoratidzika kuwedzera gore negore. Ikozvino mave nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana manomwe (798) emhosva dzeH7N9 zvirwere, kunyanya muChina, uye vanenge 212 vakafa.
H5N1
Mukuwedzera kune H7N9, kune rumwe rutivi rwemhiri chirwere chinenge chave chakakomba kwenguva yakareba - zvikuru pathogenic avian fluenza H5N1.
Kutanga kuwanikwa muna 2003, kwakave nezviitiko zvinokwana 664 zveHPAI H5N1 munyika 15 uye zvinenge 391 vakafa.
Zvizhinji zvezviitiko zviri muAsia nekumadokero kweAfrica, kunyanya Ijipiti neIndonesia. Kana iwe uchange uchishanyira imwe yenzvimbo idzi, CDC inorayira kuti iwe "usashamisa mapurisa emhashu, shiri dzemisika uye dzimwe nzvimbo umo hupenyu hwehuchi hunosimudzwa, huchichengeterwa, kana hutengeswa."
Kufanana neH7N9, rudzi urwu rwemhiri chirwere haruoneki kupararira pakati pevanhu.
H9N2
Maviri matsva evianvian influenza A (H9N2) akatsigirwawo muna 2013, zvose muChina.
Iko rudzi rwemhiri chirwere chinowanzokonzera zviratidzo zvinyoro, naizvozvo hazvifungidziri kuva dambudziko guru ikozvino.
H10N8
Mutsva mutsva wematambudziko matsva evianvian influenza kuvanhu vane utachiona, A (H10N8), ikozvino yakasimbiswa kuti yakapararira vanhu vanenge vaviri muChina kubva munaJanuary 2014.
Mune imwe yezviitiko, mukadzi ane makore 55 uyo akanga aenda kumusika wekurima akagadzira chirwere chakasimba uye chakanga chakaoma. Mumwe munhu ane chirwere cheH10N8 chakafa muna 2013.
Zvamunoda Kuziva NezveNew Flu Strains
Zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwisisiki zvinotyisa kuti humwe hutsva hutsva hunogona kukonzera chirwere chemaguru matsva uye nhamba yakawanda yevanhu vanouraya . Nenzira yakanaka, idzi marudzi emhirizhonga haawanzoitiki.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvekuziva nezvehutachiwana hutachiona hwehutachiona hunosanganisira:
- Antiviral flu, zvinosanganisira Tamiflu (oseltamivir) uye Relenza (zanamivir), inogona kushandiswa kurapa marwadzo matsva emishonga, kunyange kana chirwere chisingawanikwi.
- Utachiona hwehutachiona hutsva hunoramba huchichinja, izvo zvinogona kureva kuti hutachiona hweHPAI H5N1 rimwe zuva hunozogadzira kukwanisa kupararira nyore nyore kubva kune mumwe munhu kune mumwe.
- Zvose H uye N zvikamu zveH7N9 ndezvipembenene zvitsva izvo zvakanga zvisati zvawana vanhu vanorwara. Kusiyana neizvi, chete H chikamu cheH HNN1 chiri chitsva pakati pevanhu.
- Pakave nezvikamu zvishoma zveH7 chirwere muNorth America munguva yakapfuura, kusanganisira H7N3 muCanada muna 2004 (2 mhaka dzevanhu), H7N2 muNew York muna 2003 (imwe nyaya yevanhu), uye H7N2 muVirginia muna 2002 (imwe nyaya). Kusiyana neH5N1, idzi dzose dzaiva pasi pathogenic avian influenza virus yakashata.
- IWorld Health Organisation ine chirongwa chepasi rose chekushaya chirwere uye chirongwa chekubatsira kuwana nekutsvaga tsvina itsva yehosha.
Chinonyanya kukosha, chirwere chepurogiramu chinogona kuchengetedza kurwisana nematambudziko ose ehutachiona chichangoti rimwe zuva tichadzivirira isu kubva kune chero hutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiona.
Kusvikira panguva iyo, zvakakosha kuti isu tirambe tichicherechedza nekucherechedza izvi zvitsva zvinokonzerwa nemukondombera, kushanda mukugadzirwa kwemishonga mishonga yemishonga, mishonga mishonga, uye nzira dzekuderedza kupararira kwezvirwere zvechirwere kubva kumhuka kuvanhu. Uye iva nechokwadi chekutaurira chiremba wako kana iwe uchitanga zviratidzo zvekurwara uye uchangobva kushanyira imwe nzvimbo iyo mitsva iyi mitsva inotapukirwa nehutachiona inozivikanwa kunge ichiita kuti vanhu varware.
> CDC. Kudzivirira uye Kudzora Kwechirwere Chechirwere Chechirwere neAkafupa: Mazano eKomiti Yemazano Pamabasa Okudzivirira (ACIP) - United States, 2014-15 Influenza Season. MMWR. August 15, 2014/63 (32); 691-697.
> CDC. Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Virus. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/h7n9-virus.htm. Yakasvika muna July 2013.
> WHO. Muchidimbu Chekuongorora Kuongorora Njodzi. http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/HAI_Risk_Assessment/en/index.html Yakasvika muna February 2014.
> CDC. Influenza A (H3N2) Chirwere Chidiki. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/h3n2v-cases.htm. Yakasvika muna July 2013.
> Diana L. Kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekuchengeta hutachiona hwepasi rose kutarisa zvirwere zvinobuda. American Journal of Physiology - Lung Cellular uye Molecular Physiology. 2013 Jul; 305 (2): L108-17.
> Sasiesekharan, Ram. Chimiro cheSvondo Determinants for Naturally Evolving H5N1 Hemagglutinin kuchinja Its Receptor Specificity. Cell, Volume 153, Nyaya 7, 1475-1485, 06 June 2013.