Vachipatara vevakadzi vanogona kuita kuti zvirwere zvive nani
Muna Svondo 2016, migumisiro kubva mukudzidza yakabudiswa muna J AMA Internal Medicine yakaratidza kuti madzimai vakadzi vakadzidza pazvikoro makumi maviri nemasere zveUnited States vakaita zvikamu zvinenge masere kubva muzana mari shoma kupfuura ivo varume vavo vanoita.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mhinduro kubva kune imwe dzidzo yakabudiswawo muJAMA Internal Medicine inoratidza kuti vakadzi vanoita basa rechipatara (aka akachipatara) vari, zvakanyanya, vanobudirira pakurapa varwere vakwegura kudarika varume vavo.
Zvakatorwa pamwe chete nemigumisiro yezviongorori izvi zvakasiyana zvinogona kududzirwa nenzira inotevera: Kune vamwe vakadzi vechipatara kunze uko vanopa rubatsiro rwakanaka kupfuura avo vanhurume uye vachibhadhara zvishoma nokuda kwekuzviita.
Pasinei nokufamba kweEqual Pay Act muna 1963, vakadzi vachiri kuita zvishoma pane varume vanoita. Zvinosuruvarisa, chirango chebhasi chechikadzi hachisi chitsva uye chokwadi chinosuruvarisa chehupenyu chinowanikwa nehuwandu hwevakadzi vanotora mabasa avo okutanga mushure mekupedza chikoro. Maererano neAmerican Association yeYunivhesiti Vakadzi (AAUW) , "vakadzi gore rimwe chete kubva kune koreji avo vaishanda nguva yakazara yakapiwa, paavhareji, 82 chete yezana yezvavanowana vezera ravo."
Asi tarisiro iyo vamwe vakadzi vechipatara vanogona kunge vari kupa hutano hwakanaka kudarika avo vanoshanda navo varume inonyanya kukoshesa uye inowanikwa. Mushure mezvose, zviri kuedza kufunga kuti nokuti varume nevakadzi vakadzidziswa uye vakadzidziswa kuchikoro chechiremba chimwechete uye zvirongwa zvekurapa, chirongwa chavanopa chinofanira kunge chakafanana.
Zvisinei, mushure mokugadzirisa kushandiswa kwezvipingamupinyi, izvi hazviratidzika sezviri nguva dzose, uye vatsvakurudzi vekudzidza uku vanokonzera chokwadi ichi kusvika pakuti vanachiremba vakadzi vanoita zvakasiyana nevarume.
Tsvakurudzo
Munyaya ya2016 inonzi "Kufananidza Nezvipatara Zvokurapa uye Kuverengera Kwemareji eMedzisira Varwere Vanotariswa neMurume neVanodzidza Vanakadzi," boka reVarvard vatsvakurudzi vakatsvaga muenzaniso mukuru weMederal-for-service vanobatsirwa pakati paJanuary 1, 2011 uye December 31 , 2014, inosvika kudarika mamiriyoni mashanu muzvipatara.
Avhareji yezera remurwere wepachipatara aiva nemakore anenge 80.
Maererano nevatsvakurudzi, varwere vanobatwa navanachipatara vevakadzi nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana vaiva nemazuva mashoma ekufa kwemazuva makumi matatu uye kudarika kwemazuva makumi matatu ekuverengera kwepamusoro pane zvakafanana nevarwere vakadaro vanobatwa nevarume vezvipatara.
Kune vakwegura vakwegura vane zvinetso zvakakomba zvezvechirwere vanodikanwa muchipatara, zvichida izvi zviviri zvinangwa zviratidzo zvekusafambiswa kwechiremba muchipatara chiri (1) vangani varwere vanopedzisira vafa mushure mekudyiwa, vakaenzana muchidzidzo ichi nemakore makumi matatu ekufa kwevanhu , uye (2) nhamba yevanhu vanopedzisira vaverengerwa kuchipatara nokuda kwechikonzero chimwechete, vakaenzana muchidzidzo ichi nemakore makumi matatu ekuverenga .
Kunyanya, muchidzidzo ichi, zuva rekufa kwemazuva makumi matatu remazuva makumi matatu rakaenzaniswa pakati pevakadzikadzi vaiva madzimai 11.07 uye avo vevarume vaiva 11.49 muzana. Zuva remakore makumi matatu nemakumi matatu rakagadziriswa kuverenga kwaive ne15.02 muzana pakati pevashandi vevakadzi uye 15.57 muzana pakati pevarume vanotarisira.
Kunyange zvazvo kuderera kwepakati pe 1% muzvikwereti izvi zvingaita sediki, funga kuti kusiyana uku kunogona kureva kuti-kana sangano iri rakaratidza kuti rinokonzera-vamwezve 32 000 vanokwanisa kuponeswa muhuwandu hweMedare chete kana zvipatara zvevarume zvichiwana zvakafanana zvirwere zvekurapa sezvinoitwa nevakadzi.
Kana kushamwaridzana uku kwaifanira kushandura kune vasina-Medicare vanhu, mhedzisiro inogona kuva yakawanda.
Kuti kuenzanisira izvi zvinoratidzirwa, kufa kwevashoma 32 000 kunoreva kuti paizova nezviuru zvekurukuru navanambuya veAmerica kunze uko vanogona kupemberera mazuva ekuberekwa, zvidzidzo, uye mapato ezororo. Uye yeuka kuti zviyeuchidzo hazvikoshi.
Nei Maonero Akasiyana?
Maererano nevanotsvakurudza, "Zvinyorwa zvaratidza kuti vanachirembakadzi vanogona kunge vakanyatsoteerera kumakiriniki ekuraira, kupa hutano hwekuchengetedza kakawanda, kushandisa hutano hukuru hwekukurukurirana, kuita zvakanaka kana kuti zviri nani pane miongorori yakarongeka, uye kupa hupi hupi hukuru hwepfungwa dzepfungwa varwere vavo kudarika vanoita nevanhurume vavo. "Uyezve, kusiyana uku mumitambo yekliniki inoratidzika kutakura kune zvakakosha, kana kuti kunze, kutarisira, zvakare.
Chidzidzo chezvino ndechekutanga kuratidza kuti kusiyana kwakadaro kunogona kuita chimwe chinhu kuti zvive nani pane zvido zvevarwere.
Vatsvakurudzi havana mhedziso chaiyo nei zviitiko izvi zvakaonekwa. Chiremba wepabonde nenzira ipi zvayo inongorondedzera kana muchembera akwegura ari nani kana kuti hupenyu mushure mekubudiswa kubva kuchipatara. Pane kudaro, chiremba wepabonde chiratidzo chezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvinonongedza zvinobatsira murwere hutano hwakanaka, zvakadai sechirongwa chekuita sarudzo.
Zvinofadza kuti vatsvakurudzi vanofungidzira kuti kubva pamashoko kubva kumabhizimisi kunze kwekuchengetwa kweutano, varume vangave vasingapfuuri nemaune pakugadzirisa zvinetso zvakaoma.
Pane imwe nhoroondo yakafanana, hazvizivikanwe kana vanachirenda ve transgender vanobudirira zviri nani kana kuipa zvakanyanya kune zvipatara kune vanhurume kana madzimai vanoita. Sociodemographic data munyaya ino yakazvidavirira, uye mhinduro dzevashandi vezvechiremba dzaive dzisingabviri kune murume kana mukadzi ... hapana sarudzo yekudarika yakaratidzwa.
Zvose Izvi Zvinorevei Kwauri?
Kutanga, rega ndikutaurire kuti zvakaguma neizvi zvidzidzo hazvirevi. Izvi zvinoguma zvisingatauri kuti nguva inotevera apo mudiwa wenyu akwegura ari muchipatara, chipatara chemadzimai akanaka. Vese vanachiremba vakasiyana, uye pane zvakawanda zvepamusoro-soro madzimai ehurume nevakadzi kunze uko. Ndapota yeuka kuti migumisiro yenyaya ino inoratidza kushamwaridzana pakati pepabonde rechipatara uye kuti nhengo dzevarwere vakasiyana- siyana dzinotakura sei mushure mokubva kuchipatara-ndizvo zvazviri.
Imwe tsanangudzo isina kururama yemigumisiro yenyaya ino inosanganisira kuparidzira kushamwaridzana uku kune marudzi ose echiremba. Vatsvakurudzi vekutsvakurudza uku vakatarisa murwere , kana chipatara, kutarisirwa kwakapiwa nevakadzi nevanhurume vakuru vashandi. Kunyange zvazvo kusawirirana mukudzidzira pakati pevarume nevarumekadzi vanachiremba kwave kuchionekwa muzvipatara zvepasitini (office) zvirongwa, hazvisi pachena kana sangano pakati pehutano huri nani uye hupombwe hwechikadzi hwehutano hwakabatanidzwa nenzira ipi neipi mumutambo wezvimwe zviitiko, uye isu havana uchapupu hunotsigira hukama hwakadaro. Kutsvakurudza kwakawanda kungave kudikanwa kuitwa kuti kuongorore kana kushamwaridzana uku kunobata kwechokwadi mumagadziriro kunze kwechipatara.
Mune mamwe mazwi, migumisiro yenyaya ino haifaniri kutarisa kusarudzwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvemakiriniki. Iwe haufaniri kuverenga nyaya ino kana kudzidza uye nguva dzose usarudze mukadzi wehutano wehutano, kuti ave chiremba wekutanga, chiremba wezvechiremba kana imwe nyanzvi, nokuti iwe unofunga kuti acharamba achipa kutarisira kwakanaka kudarika avo vanoshanda navo varume.
Pane kudaro, migumisiro yechirongwa ichi inopokana mubvunzo unowanzonzi-inowanzofungwa yekufungidzira kuti madzimai ehurume nevakadzi vanofanirwa, nepamwero, vanopa kutarisirwa kwakafanana. Migumisiro yenyaya ino inoratidza kuti panogona kunge kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha pamusoro pekuchengetwa kwevakadzikadzi vezvipatara izvo zvinoshandura kuva basa rakanaka. Hazvive pachena kana mutsauko uyu wakakwanisa kudzidziswa kana kuti kudzokororwa pakati pevarume vavo.
Kubva pane maonero evanhu, chidzidzo ichi chinowedzera kusimbisa hutsinye hwechokwadi hwevashandi; kuti kunyange kana mukadzi aifanira kuita basa rake nani kupfuura murume, angangodaro ari kubhadhara zvishoma. Muzvokwadi, vanachiremba nevarumekadzi vanowanzobhadharwa mari yakawanda, uye gari rebhajhe rinogona kunge rinotyisa uye rinotarisirwa, somuenzaniso, pakati pevana vasina kuroorwa vari kurwisana kupa mhuri dzavo. Kunyange zvakadaro, maererano nekuongorora uku kwekupedzisira kubva kuHarvard, kusiyana kwepabonde kwepabonde pakati pezvipatara zvevakadzi vanoita sekunonyanya kupisa.
> Sources:
> Corbett, C uye Gomo C. Kupedza Chikwereti . www.aauw.org.
> Jena, AB, Olenski AR, uye Blumenthal DM. "Kusiyana Kwepabonde Muchiremba Murairi muUnited States Medical Schools." JAMA Internal Medicine . 2016; 176: 9.
> The Equal Pay Act ye1963. US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/epa.cfm
> Tsugawa, Y, et al. "Kufananidza kweHitapi Hwekurapwa uye Kuverengera Mahara emishonga yeVirwere Varwere Vanobatwa neMurume vs. Vanachirembakadzi." JAMA Internal Medicine.