Kana Akarambwa kana Akasarurwa Anorwa ...
Hapana mutemo mumwe chete unobatanidza matsi chete uye wakaoma wekunzwa vanhu. Asi, mitemo yakawanda inotaura matsi uye kurasikirwa kwekunzwa sekuremara, nemimwe mitemo inokosha kupfuura vamwe.
Kutanga Kuona Kunzwa uye Kupindira (EHDI) kunovimbisa kuti vana vose vacheche vanongororwa kuti varasikirwa nekunzwa vasati vaenda kuchipatara. Kana kuongorora kwekutanga kusati kwapfuura, chirwere chekuongorora chirwere chinofanira kuzadzikiswa nemwedzi mitatu yemakore.
Kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kuripo, kunyora muhurongwa hwepurogiramu yepurogiramu yehurumende ichapedzwa nezera remwedzi mitanhatu.
Vanhu Vane Dambudziko Rwenhepfenyuro Dzidziso (IDEA) vanopa pachena, vakakodzera kushandiswa kwekutanga kwekutanga kubva pakuberekwa kusvika pamakore matatu uye vanofukidza makore echikoro (makore 3-21 kusvika ku3). Kana mudzidzi akakodzera pasi peDIA kana ane chirongwa che504, chikoro chinofanira kunge chichibvumidza kuti rubatsiro rwekunzwa ruchishanda zvakanaka, mudzidzi ane ruzivo rwezvinobatsira teknolojia (yakafanana neFM system), uye kuti avo vanoshandisa teknolojia yekubatsira-kusanganisira vadzidzisi - ndeye akadzidziswa zvakanaka mukutarisira uye kushandiswa kwekombiyuta iyo.
Vakuru veAmerica vane Dambudziko reDare (ADA) vane zvikamu zvishanu. Nheyo I inotarisa basa uye inoshanda kumabhizimisi ane 15 kana kupfuura vashandi. Chechipiri inoita kuti mabasa ose ehurumende uye emunharaunda ehurumende uye mapurogiramu anowanikwa kune vanhu vane hurema. Chinyorwa III chinotaura kuti mabhizinesi ose anotumirwa kuvanhu vose, pasinei nehukuru, inofanira kuwanikwa.
Chinyorwa IV chakagadzira basa rose rekuita basa rekuita kuti foni ishandiswe kune vanhu vane urombo hwekunzwa uye / kana kutaura kwekuremara. Chinyorwa V chikamu chakasiyana.
Kunyange zvazvo ADA inoshanda munzvimbo dzepaguru, Fair Fair Act inoshanda kune nzvimbo dzekugara. The Fair Housing Act inorambidza rusarura kuvanhu vane hurema muhupfumi kana hupfumi.
Inoita kuti vagadziri veimba vagadzire nzvimbo dzakakodzera kuti vawane uye vanobvumira vanhu vane hurema kuti vaite zvigadziriswe kugadziriswa (kunyange izvi zvingave zviri ivo pachavo) kuimba. Chiito ichi chakaitawo kuti hutsva huve huzhinji hwakabatanidzwa huzhinji hwemhuri hune humwe hune hutsika hwekuwanika.
Mutemo weZvondo reMakumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemitambo (CVAA) yakagadzwa muna 2010 neMutungamiri Obama. ICVAA inovandudza mitemo yekufambisa yehurumende uye inosanganisira kufambidzana nekusvikika kune internet kune vanhu vane hurema.
Iyo Inzwi Rinobatsira Kubvumirana Mutemo inoda kuti terefoni dzose, kusanganisira terefoni dzisingashandeki dzedhijitori, dzive kutinhira rubatsiro runobatanidza, zvakanyora kunyorwa, uye ANSI yakarongwa. Chiyero che 4 chinoreva kuti foni inoshandiswa, 5 yakakodzera kushandiswa kwemazuva ose, uye nhamba ye6 kana iri nani inoratidza kushanda kwakanakisisa nekunzwa rubatsiro.
IA Air Carriers Access Act (ACAA) inopa nzvimbo dzevanhu vanoremara nemaSouth Airlines uye kune dzimwe nyika. Munhu akaremara anofanira kurega ndege ichiziva nezvekuremara uye kuti inoda sei kutaurirana kuti ibudiswe. Uyu Mutemo unoita kuti mhevhizheni inyorerwe munhandare yendege uye imbwa inoshanda inogona kuendesa muridzi wayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakadai sevatambi vasina matsi-mapofu, ndege yendege inogona kuda mubatsiri wekuchengeteka kuti aende nemunhu akaremara.
Kune mitemo yakawanda inodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa; kana iwe uchinzwa kuti wakasarurwa, danho rokutanga kuziva kuti mitemo inowanikwa kuti udzivirire.
> Sources:
> VaAmerica vane Dambudziko Rekuita (nd). National Association of the Deaf .
> Zviso neKubatsira kweZvikitiki kune veAmerican with Disability Act (nd). United States Dhipatimendi reZvibvumirano Kodzero dzeVanhu veChina
> Makumi makumi maviri nemakore ekutanga Communications uye Video Accessibility Act (nd). Federal Communications Commission .
> Vatakuri Vane Utano (1/06/2010). Aviation Consumer Protection uye Kutevedzera - Dhipatimendi reUnited States rekutakura.
> Kutinhira rubatsiro Kushandiswa kweNhare dzisina Wire (nd). Federal Communications Commission.
> Kodzero dzekuremara muHarare (nd). USD yedzimba neHurumende yekuRwanda.
> Mashoko Pamusoro peKunzwa Kwokutanga Kunzwa uye Kupindira (EHDI) Hurongwa hwehurumende (02/18/2015). Nzvimbo dzeDaase Control uye Kudzivirira .
> Kuvaka Ifa: IDEA 2004. Dhipatimendi reUnited States reZvondo .
Yakagadziriswa naMelissa Karp, Au.D.