Cindy Officer akashanda kuGallaudet University yeTutorial & Instructional Programs kwemakore gumi nemaviri, achifamba achishandisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kubva kuMutevedzeri kuenda kuChikoro Chekupikira Mazano.
Cindy nevamwe vake vanogara vachikumbira se "Ndingawana kupi mudzidzisi? Ndingawane kupi mudzidzisi kumwana matsi?" uye "Ndizvo zvidzidzo zvekugara kwakanaka kune mushandi anonzwa asingakwanisi?" Anopa dzimwe mazano ekuwana rudzi rwakanakisisa rwekudzidzisa uye kusarudza nzira yekuwana dzidzo.
Kudzidzisa kunobereka migumisiro. Vanhu vanowana dzidzo dzinoratidzira tsika dzakadzidza dzekudzidza, kuvimba kukuru, uye zvidzidzo zviri nani. Matsi uye kuoma kwekunzwa vanhu, kunyanya, avo vanodzidzisa vanowanzoratidza kuwedzera kukuru mune zvidzidzo uye zvidzidzo. Ichi ndicho chidzidzo chekudzidzisa zvinyorwa zvinokosha. Hazvisi nyore nguva dzose kuwana mhando yakanakisisa yekudzidzisa tutsigiro. Iwe unoda kushanda kuburikidza nemitatu mitatu:
- Ratidza kuti rudzi rwekudzidzisa chii rwunoda kana mwana wako anoda;
- Shandisa chirongwa chekudzidzisa;
- Sarudza kuti uchawana sei rubatsiro urwu.
Kuenzanisa kunze "Dzidziso Yutsigiro"
Usati watsvaga zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, tora nguva yekuziva kuti rudzi rwekudzidzisa chii rwakakodzera kwauri kana kumwana wako. Mumafungiro evanhu vazhinji, kudzidzisa kunoreva kuva nomunhu ane ruzivo, ane ruzivo kugara pasi nemudzidzi uye nekunyatsodzidzisa mudzidzi uyu kuburikidza nenharaunda yekudzidzira dambudziko. Zvisinei, kudzidzisa kunogona kuuya nenzira dzakawanda.
Heano maitiro akajairika ekudzidzisa:
- Imwe-ku-Imwe / Dzidzo Yomunhu: Mudzidzi anowana zvidzidzo zvechikoro kubva kune mumwe kune mumwe mudzidzisi.
- Boka Kudzidzisa: Mudzidzi anobata pamwe nevamwe vadzidzi munzvimbo dzakafanana nekutungamirirwa nemudzidzisi.
- Supplemental Aides: Mudzidzi anoshandisa zvidzidzo kana maonero anobatsira anobatsira kudzidzisa kudzidza nyaya (CD, mitambo, mavhidhiyo ekudzidzisa, mabhuku ebasa, mamwe mazano ekuverenga, Cliff's Notes.)
- Purogiramu Inodzidzisa: Mudzidzi anoenda paIndaneti kuti adzidzise. Kudzidzisa kunogona kuitika chaiyo-nguva kuburikidza nekamuri yekukurukura kana kubva pakarepo kutumira mameseji. Vazhinji uye matsi vanhu vari kudzidza kudzidzisa mavhidhiophones uye webcams. Uyewo, kudzidzisa kunogona kuitika kuburikidza ne-e-mail apo mudzidzi angatumira mubvunzo kana kunyora kunyora kumudzidzisi uyo achapindura achishandisa e-mail.
- Masangano, Kudzidziswa, Misasa: Mudzidzi anoenda kumusangano, kudzidzisa kana musasa unonyanya kugadzikana munzvimbo (kana) yaanofanira kushanda.
Kuverenga chirongwa chekudzidzisa
Wakauya ne chirongwa chekudzidzisa here? Kuva nemasarudzo kunoita kuti pave nemikana yekutaurirana, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu apo iwe uri kushanda nemamwe masangano (zvikoro, vatungamiri vezvekudzidzisa, Vocational Rehabilitation , vashandi) vanogona kupa kana kubhadhara kudzidziswa kwekudzidzisa. Tarisa pane zvingasarudzwa pamusoro apa usati wafunga urongwa hwaunotenda kuti huchakubatsira iwe kana kuti munhu wauri kutsigira.
Apo iwe unopa urongwa hwakajeka, hunodzivirira kudzidzisa kubva pakuva ruzivo rwakasara kune kungwara kwevamwe. Kazhinji kacho kuchenjera kusarudza kusanganiswa kwekudzidzisa zvidzidzo izvo zvichava "chirongwa chako chekudzidzisa." Mienzaniso yezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa zvinogona kunge zvichishandiswa mudzidzisi anorarama semesters maviri ane supplemental aides, kana kuti kunyora mumusasa, ndokuzoitevera paIndaneti zvidzidzo zvevhiki kwevhiki.
Zvirongwa zvakadai sezvi hazvifaniri kunge zvakaoma. Paunenge uine chirongwa chako chekudzidzisa, iwe wakagadzirira kuwana nzira dzokusvika pakudzidzisa.
Kana iwe uchitsvaga kudzidzisa mwana, tapota verenga chikamu "Kuwana Tutoring kune Matsi kana Matambudziko Okunzwa Mwana" pasi apa. Kana iwe uchitsvaga kudzidzira iwe pachako kana munhu mukuru, svetera pasi kune chikamu chinonzi "Kuwana Tutoring kune Matsi kana Matambudziko Ekunzwa Mukuru."
Kuwana Zvidzidzo Kune Matsi kana Matambudziko Okunzwa Mwana
Kuchengetedza zvidzidzo zvekutsigira kune matsi kana kuti zvakaoma zvekunzwa vanovimba zvinogona kutora zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Kudzidzisa mazano kunoparadzaniswa kubva kune imwe nyika kuenda kune imwe nyika, kunyange kubva kumucheto kuenda kumucheto.
Komisheni yeDeaf's report, Towards Equality: Dzidzo yevasina maturo inonyanya kutaura kuti "Kuremara kwematsi kunowanzokonzera zvinokosha uye zvakasiyana siyana zvidzidzo zvedzidzo zvemwana mumwe nomumwe.Izvipingamupinyi zvekudzidza zvakabatana neveve matsi zvinoenderana nekutaura uye kutaura, izvo , uyewo, inonyanya kuchinja zvikamu zvakawanda zvekudzidzisa. "
Kana uchinge uine chirongwa chekudzidzisa, wakagadzirira kuziva kuti ungadzidza sei kudzidzisa. Unhu hwekudzidzisa kazhinji hunoenderana nemishandiro anowanikwa munzvimbo yako. Dzimwe zvikoro zvekuchikoro zvinopa mazano apo dzimwe nharaunda dzinopa pasina.
- Mumwe pachake Dzidzo yeChirongwa (IEP): Mwana wose ane matsi uye akaoma-anonzwa kubva kune makore 3 kusvika ku21 anofanira kunge atove neIEP. Kudzidzisa kwako chirongwa chinoda kuiswa uye kunotsanangurwa muIEP yemwana. IEP inofanirwa kutaura pachena kuti chirongwa chekudzidzisa chichaitwa kuti chinosangana nechinangwa cheIEP chemwana. Chikoro chinofanira kuuya nemararamiro ekubatsira mwana kuti asvike pazvinangwa izvi, kunyatsodzidziswa zvidzidzo.
IEP inofanira kunge yakanyatsotsanangurwa sezvinobvira, kurondedzera zvakajeka chirongwa chako chekudzidzisa kuitira kuti vabereki nevechikoro vanzwisise mabasa ayo chikoro chichapa. Kana IEP yakagadzirirwa gore, vabereki havafaniri kumirira kusvikira musangano weEPI unotevera. Vabereki vanogona kukumbira imwe musangano weIEP addendum chero nguva yekuchinja zvinangwa uye kusanganisira chirongwa chekudzidzisa.
Musi waMay 21, 2007, Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakasarudza kuti vabereki vaigona kukwidza zvikoro pasina mumiririri wemutemo, kufamba kunogona kuponesa mhuri mari yakawanda. Izvi zvinoshandura mumikana yevanotarisira kudzivirira kodzero yevana vavo kune dzidzo. Kana iwe uchida kuti mwana wako adzidzise uye chikoro chakarambidza mabasa ekudzidzisa zvinyatsojeka, saka unogona kuva nezvikonzero zvekutongwa. Usati watanga chero mutemo upi noupi, iva nechokwadi chokuti iwe unokwanisa kuita zvose zviri zviviri zvinotevera:
- Ratidza uchapupu hwokuti mwana wako anononoka kana anotambura asina kudzidziswa. Iwe uchada kuva neuchapupu hunosanganisira kuongororwa kwehutano hunoshandiswa, zvidzidzo kana tsamba kubva kuvadzidzisi.
- Ratidza uchapupu hwokuti chikoro chakaramba kana kuti chave chiri kudzivisa zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa. Iva nechokwadi chokuti chikumbiro chako chekudzidzisa chinotsanangurwa muIEP yemwana wako. (Kana isingatauri chimwe chinhu mumigwagwa, "Vabereki vangada kuti mwana wavo ave nomudzidzisi mune zvidzidzo zve X," ipapo shandisai IEP addendum pakarepo.)
- Mahofisi Okuchengetedza uye Kuburikidza: Kana mwana asina kugamuchira mazano ayo vabereki kana vanomuchengeta vanoda kubva kuchikoro chechikoro, vabereki kana vatarisi vanogona kutanga kutongwa kwekunyunyuta. Zvose Chikamu 504 cheRevhabilitation Act ya1973 uye IDEA (Vanhu vane Disability Education Act) vane nzira dzekuchengetedza vabereki kune nzira yekupikisa zvisarudzo zvechikoro chechikoro. Sezvakatsanangurwa mu "Kudzidzisa Matsi uye Dambudziko rekunzwa Mwana: Maonero Epamutemo" kubva kune websaiti yeClerc Center, hurumende yose ine "kuzvidzivirira uye hofisi yehofisi" yakazvimiririra iyo ichapa vabereki zano rekugadzirira uye kutungamirira kunzwa. Mamwe emahofisi aya anomiririra vabereki pasina mari.
- Vocational Rehabilitation (VR): Vana vakambosvika makore ekushanda vanogona kukodzera kugamuchira rubatsiro kubva purogiramu yavo yeVR. VR inobatsira vanhu mukutsvaka mabasa ane chinangwa, kusanganisira kudzidzisa. Mazhinji mapurogiramu eVR anochengetedza mazita evadzidzisi. Tarisa kuti uwane ruzivo pamusoro pehurongwa hweVR yako yehurumende uye tanga kuonana.
- Supplemental Education Services: Kana chikoro chine Cheti I mari yakakundikana kugadzirisa zvinangwa zvayo zvegore rakakwana (AYP) yeAYP kwemakore maviri kana kupfuura, chikoro chinova chikoro chavanoda uye vadzidzi mune zvikoro izvi vanogona kukwanisa kubhadhara mabasa, kunyanya kudzidzisa . Ichi ndicho chikonzero chehurumende No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Kuti uwane kuti zvikoro munharaunda yako zvinokodzera kubatsirwei mamwe mabasa, tarisa www.greatschools.net kana kudana Dhipatimendi rehurumende reDhipatimendi reZvondo. Uyewo chengetedza nzvimbo yako-yakabvumirwa supplemental service providers (SSP), iyo inowanzowanika kune mahofisi emahofisi ehurumende yezvidzidzo. Ava ndivo vanogona kunge vachiziva nezvematongerwo enyika eunharaunda yako uye vanogona kukukurudzira nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuwana rubatsiro rwemwana wako.
- Private Tutor uye Private Teaching Centers: Kudzidzisa kunogona kufungidzirwa sekusarudzwa kwevanhu. Iwe unogona kubhadhara kune mudzidzisi wega wega kana kuti webasa rekudzidzisa, kunyanya kana maitirwo anokosha. Taurai zvikoro zvepamatunhu kune matsi, makoroji emunharaunda nemayunivhesiti, uye bhodhi rechikoro chekutumira. Tsvaka vadzidzisi vanogona kutaurirana nemwana wenyu.
- Vocational Rehabilitation (VR): Icho chirongwa chekugadzirira vanhu vane hurema. Iwe unogona kukodzera kugamuchira rubatsiro kubva purogiramu yako yehupfumi yekudzorera. Nokuti VR yakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa vachiita basa rinokosha, izvi zvinosanganisira mari yekudzidzisa. Mazhinji mapurogiramu eVR anochengetedza mazita evadzidzisi.
- Postsecondary Institutions: Zvidzidzo zvekutenda kune matsi makuru uye vadzidzi vasinganzwisisi kazhinji vanowirirana pane mamwe makoroji, masunivhesiti, uye zvikoro zvekudzidzisa. Zvizhinji zvemashure ekudzivirira zvikoro zvine nzvimbo yekunyora uye mudzidzisi wekudzidzisa apo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudzidzisa rubatsiro zvinogona kugamuchirwa. Semuenzaniso, Tutorial & Instructional Programs paGallaudet University ndiyo chirongwa chakadzidziswa chekudzidzisa zvinyorwa chinopa mauto ehurukuro ehurukuro yevadzidzi veGallaudet University, vazhinji vavo vane matsi kana vakaoma kunzwa.
- Nzvimbo Dzakanaka Dzinobva kuMushandi Wako: Kumbira nzvimbo yakakodzera yekugara kuburikidza nemutariri wako anogona kukutaurira kumushandi weEqual Employment Office (dzimwe nguva Human Resources Office). Usati wakumbira pokugara, kuchengeteka zvakakwana zvinyorwa (yekare IEPs, nhepfenyuro yezvechiremba, kuongororwa kwepfungwa, uchapupu hunyanzvi) inosimbisa chido chako chekudzidzisa. Iwe unogona zvakare kuratidza uchapupu hwekuti kudzidzisa kwaizovandudza sei basa rako rekushanda. Vashandi vako vangave vachibhadhara rubatsiro rwekudzidzisa kana iwe uchigona kuratidza kuti inzvimbo yakakodzera yekugara kana kuti ichawedzera basa rekushanda.
- Vadzidzisi vega voga uye masangano ekudzidzisa: Ngwarira kudzidzisa mari yekuzvipira uye kubhadhara kunze kwehomwe yemudzidzisi wega wega kana kuti basa rekudzidzisa. Tarisa internet kana bhuku refoni kuitira zvingakwanisika zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa. Torawo zvikoro kune matsi, makoroji uye masunivhesiti, matsi masangano ekutumira. Tsvaga vadzidzisi vanogona kutaurirana zvakanaka, kana nevakuru iwe wauri kutsigira.
Mhedziso
Yeuka, kudzidzisa kunobereka zvibereko, zvikuru kune matsi uye zvakaoma zvekunzwa vanhu. Kudzidzira tsika dzinovandudza, kuvimba kunosimudza uye saka unoita makero. Kudzidzisa kwave kuchiri nguva yekugadzirisa unyanzvi hwokudzidza mukati nokunze kwekirasi kana yebasa. Sezvaunotanga kutsvaga rubatsiro rwekudzidzisa, ramba uchifunga kuti kuwana rudzi rwakanaka rwekudzidzisa rubatsiro kunokosha sekuwana nzira dzekuzviwana.
Kuwana Zvidzidzo kune Matsi kana Matambudziko-ekuteerera Vakwegura
Kutsvaka rubatsiro rwekudzidzisa zvidzidzo kuvanhu vane matsi uye vakaoma-kunzwa vanowanzotungamirira kumigumisiro inofadza, pamwe chete nekuwanda kwakakwana kwe "kusunungura nekukwevera." Sezvo kudzidzisa kunowanzoonekwa sechinhu chisingadikanwi, chiitiko ichi chinowanzotarisana kuva mhirizhonga pakati pevanocherechedza vanotengesa uye vatsigiri kune uyo anogamuchira. Kana iwe wakagadzirira ne "chirongwa chako chemutambo," unogona kutsvaga zvakanakisisa zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa iwe pachako kana matsi kana akaoma kunzwa munhu mukuru.
Rangarira mupfungwa kudzidza. Tsvaga nheyo yepamusoro yekutsigirwa yaunotarisira kuigamuchira, uye gadzirisa chikwata chepamusoro pane chaunotarisira kuwana. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uchidavira kuti maawa matatu ekudzidzisa zvayo pavhiki ingakubatsira iwe kuvandudza unyanzvi hwako hwokunyora, iyo ndiyo yekutanga. Iwe unobva wabvunza mumwe munhu kuti abhadhara kudzidzisa (mushandirwi, VR) kwemaawa masere pavhiki. Izvi zvinokupa maawa mashomanana okuwedzera kuti uwane.
Uyewo, unofanirwa kugadzirira misangano nemagwaro akakodzera, kuvaka hukama hwakanaka nevanhu vanogona kukubatsira (kusanganisira vanhu vanozogadzirisa zvidzidzo zvenyu - mutariri, vanhu, kana vR), uye varambe vakanyora zvinyorwa zvemashoko uye zvinetso. Usafungisisa zvakanyanya uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, ramba uchitaurirana. Heano mamwe maitiro ekuwana kudzidzira iwe pachako kana matsi kana akaoma kunzwa munhu mukuru.